Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 14 Urbanisation

Word Level Type Meaning Example

1 benefit B1 Noun ‫ الفائدة‬/ ‫المنفعة‬ The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town.

2 challenge B1 Noun ‫التحدي‬ I've promised to finish the task by Friday, but it's going to be quite a challenge.

3 compromise B2 Noun ‫حل وسط‬ Negotiations are a two-way thing - both sides have to come to a compromise.

4 difficulty B2 Noun ‫ مشكلة‬/ ‫صعوبة‬ People learning a new language often encounter some difficulties at first.

5 dilemma B2 Noun ‫الحيرة‬ Now he has been offered the other job, which puts him in a bit of a dilemma.

6 inhabitant B2 Noun ‫ القاطن‬/ ‫الساكن‬ The city of Ely has about 10,000 inhabitants.

7 infrastructure C1 Noun ‫البنية التحتية‬ The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.

8 isolation C1 Noun ‫العُزلة‬ After all the visitors had left, she experienced a feeling of complete isolation.

9 issue B1 Noun ‫ قضية‬/ ‫مسألة‬ We met on several occasions to discuss the issue.

10 megacity Noun ‫مدينة ضخمة‬ Nearly two-thirds of the sewage in the megacity of Dhaka is untreated.

11 migrant Noun ‫المُها ِجر‬ The cities are full of migrants looking for work.

12 obstacle C1 Noun ‫ العائِق‬/ ‫العقبة‬ The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.

13 overpopulation Noun ‫اإلكتظاظ السكاني‬ Overpopulation is one of the country's most pressing social problems.

14 population B1 Noun ‫التعداد السكاني‬ Ten percent of the population lived in poverty.

15 poverty B2 Noun ‫الفقر‬ Two million people in the city live in abject poverty.

16 resolution C2 Noun ‫قرار لحل مشكلة‬ The United Nations passed a resolution to increase aid to developing nations.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 14 Urbanisation
Word Level Type Meaning Example

17 setback C1 Noun ‫ عائق‬/ ‫مشكلة‬ There has been a slight setback in our plans.

18 slum Noun ‫األحياء الفقيرة‬ She was brought up in the slums of Lima.

19 solution B1 Noun ‫الحل‬ There's no easy solution to this problem.

20 tolerance C2 Noun ‫ التساهل‬/ ‫التسامح‬ The two peoples lived together in mutual tolerance.

21 traffic A2 Noun ‫المرور‬ There was heavy traffic on the roads this morning.

22 urbanization Noun ‫ التمدن‬/‫التحضر‬ This book can contribute to progress in the formulation of urbanization policy.

23 adequate B2 Adj. ‫ف‬

ٍ ‫ كا‬/ ‫مُالئِم‬ It's not a big salary, but it's adequate for our needs.

24 basic B1 Adj. ‫ بسيط‬/ ‫أساسي‬ The basic problem is that they don't talk to each other enough.

25 booming Adj. ‫ المُدوّ ي‬/ ‫المُزدهِر‬ High-end designers are chasing the booming children's wear market.

26 catastrophic C2 Adj. ‫كارثي‬ The overuse of fossil fuels could have catastrophic results for the planet.

27 crowded A2 Adj. ‫مُزدحِم‬ As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded.

28 decent B2 Adj. ‫ مؤدَّب‬/ ‫لطيف‬ I thought he was a decent person.

29 developing B2 Adj. ‫النامية‬ The standard of living in many developing countries is low.

30 double-edged Adj. ‫ ذو وجهين‬/ ‫ذو حدين‬ It was a double-edged compliment.

31 isolated C1 Adj. ‫ُنعزل‬

ِ ‫م‬ Working at home was making her feel increasingly isolated.

32 one-sided Adj. ‫ من طرف واحد‬/ ‫أحادي الجانب‬ Obviously, economic security cannot be a one-sided affair.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 14 Urbanisation
Word Level Type Meaning Example

33 long-sighted Adj. ‫ بعيد النظر‬/ ‫طويل النظر‬ My husband is extremely long-sighted while I am very short-sighted.

34 long-term B2 Adj. ‫طويل المدي‬ We want long-term solutions, not short-term palliatives.

35 overpriced Adj. ‫غالي بشكل مبالغ فيه‬ These headphones are very nice, but they're really overpriced.

36 overworked C1 Adj. ً‫ يعمل كثيرا‬/ ‫ُنهك‬

ِ ‫ م‬/ ‫مُرهِق‬ Depressingly, I'm overworked and underpaid.

37 pressing B1 Adj. ‫ ضروري وعاجل‬/ ‫ُملِح‬ There is a pressing need for more funds.

38 rural B2 Adj. ‫ نائي‬/ ‫قروي‬ The area is still very rural and undeveloped.

39 short-sighted C2 Adj. ‫قصير النظر‬ My husband is extremely long-sighted while I am very short-sighted.

40 short-term B2 Adj. ‫قصير المدي‬ Small traders often have short-term cash-flow problems.

41 staggering C1 Adj. ‫غير متو َقع‬/ ‫صاعِ ق‬ It costs a staggering $50,000 per week to keep the museum open to the public.

42 tolerant C1 Adj. ‫ مُتساهِل‬/ ‫مُتسامِح‬ People in Italy are more tolerant of children in public places than in Britain.

43 address C1 Verb ‫ يتكلم عن‬/ ‫يطرح مشكلة‬ The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.

44 adjust B2 Verb ‫ يُن ِّقح‬/ ‫يُع ِّدل‬ If the chair is too high, you can adjust it to suit you.

45 aggravate Verb ً‫ يزداد سوءا‬/ ‫يتفاقم‬ Unfortunately, the treatment only aggravated the condition.

46 cause B2 Verb ‫ يتسبب في‬/ ‫يُسبِّب‬ The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.

47 compete B2 Verb ‫ يتنافس‬/ ‫يُنافِس‬ It's difficult for a small shop to compete with the big supermarkets.

48 compound Verb ً‫ يزداد سوءا‬/ ‫يتفاقم‬ His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 14 Urbanisation
Word Level Type Meaning Example

49 deal with B2 Verb ‫يتعامل مع‬ She's used to dealing with difficult customers.

50 deteriorate C1 Verb ‫يتدهور‬ She was taken to hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated.

51 enhance C1 Verb ‫يُحسِّن‬ It's things like this that enhance the quality of life.

52 exacerbate Verb ً‫ يزداد سوءا‬/ ‫يتفاقم‬ This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.

53 exclude C1 Verb ‫ ال يتضمن‬/ ‫يستثني‬ It wasn't my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.

54 face B2 Verb ‫ يتعامل مع مشكلة‬/ ‫يواجه‬ This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers.

55 flourish C2 Verb ‫ ينتعش‬/ ‫يزدهر‬ Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.

56 identify B2 Verb ‫ يميز الشئ‬/ ‫يتعرف علي‬ Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.

57 improve A2 Verb ‫ يتحسن‬/ ‫يُحسِّن‬ Her health has improved dramatically since she started on this new diet.

58 include A2 Verb ‫يتضمن‬ The bill includes tax and service.

59 linger C2 Verb ‫ يمكث لمدة‬/ ‫يتباطأ‬ The smell of the fire still lingered days later.

60 modify C1 Verb ‫يُع ِّدل‬ The system encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.

61 overcome B2 Verb ‫يتغلب علي‬ Eventually, she managed to overcome her shyness in class.

62 present B2 Verb ِ ‫ َي‬/ ‫يُق ِّدم‬

‫ َيعطي‬/ ‫عرض‬ She presents the late-night news.

63 raise B1 Verb ‫ يزداد‬/ ‫يزيد‬ That is a truth that the government plans to raise taxes.

64 reform C2 Verb ‫ يُعيد تشكيل‬/ ‫يُصلِح‬ He was given license to reform the organization.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 14 Urbanisation
Word Level Type Meaning Example

65 regulate C1 Verb ِّ ‫ي‬

‫ يُع ِّدل‬/ ‫ُنظم‬ This valve regulates the flow of water into the tank.

66 remedy B2 Verb ‫يعالج‬ This mistake must be remedied otherwise the consequences shall be unpredictable.

67 resolve C1 Verb )‫يحل (المشكلة‬ The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along.

68 tackle B2 Verb ‫ يعالج المشكلة‬/ ‫يتعامل مع‬ There are many ways of tackling this problem.

69 tolerate C2 Verb ‫ يتساهل‬/ ‫يتحمل‬ These ants can tolerate temperatures that would kill other species.

70 transform B2 Verb ‫ يُحوِّ ل‬/ ‫يُغيِّر‬ The growth of the textile industry transformed the area.

71 worsen C1 Verb ‫يسوء‬ As the company's financial problems worsened, several directors resigned.

72 find a solution Phrase ً‫يجد حال‬ Tom is under pressure to find a solution to this problem.

73 overcome a difficulty Phrase ‫يتغلب علي مشكلة‬ Roberto had to overcome a lot of difficulties to get where he is today.

74 reach a compromise Phrase ‫يتوصل لحل وسط‬ Tom could tell that it would be impossible to reach a compromise with Mary.

75 find a compromise Phrase ً ‫يجد ح ًل وسطا‬ She is trying her best to find a compromise on that issue.

76 remedy a situation Phrase ‫يعالج موقف صعب‬ We have done everything we can to remedy the situation.

77 resolve an issue Phrase ‫يحل مشكلة‬ I tried to resolve issues between workers and management before the meeting.

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