Module -2

Meteorology
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which
includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with
a major focus on weather forecasting.
Module -2
Meteorology: Temperature lapse rate & stability,
wind velocity & turbulence, plume behavior,
measurement of meteorological variables, wind
rose diagrams, Plume Rise, estimation of effective
stack height and mixing depths. Development of air
quality models-Gaussian dispersion model
8 Hours
 Module Planning
Class 01 Meteorology: Introduction

Class 02 Temperature lapse rate & stability

Class 03 wind velocity & turbulence

plume behavior, measurement of meteorological

Class 04
variables
Class 05 wind rose diagrams

Class 06 Plume Rise

estimation of effective stack height and mixing
Class 07
depths
Class 08 Gaussian dispersion model
 APPLICATION

▪ Understanding the concept of plume

behavior, measurements and
meteorological variables to control
air pollution.

▪ To design air quality models-

Gaussian dispersion model during
construction.
 Assignment
1. Classify the plume behavior under various stability conditions.With the help
of sketches

2. Determine dry adiabatic lapse rate and environmental lapse rate and explain
wind rose diagram

3. With a neat sketch, formulate Gaussian type dispersion equation with their
limitations
Temperature lapse rate & stability:
When the wind speed changes rapidly in space, the flow of air can
become turbulent in a technical sense – meaning that the air moves
chaotically in all directions.
 One of the earliest
HOLLAND’S EQUATION equation and has
been wisely used
become of the
simplicity
1.5 Vs Ds + (4×10-5) QH
∆H =
u

VS = Stack gas exit velocity, m/sec

DS = Dia of stack out let, m
u = Wind velocity, m/sec
QH = Heat emission rate, calories/sec
∆H = Plume rise, m
TURNER’S EQUATION

Vs Ds 1.5+(2.68×10-3) p T -T D
∆H = a s a s
u Ts

pa = Atmospheric pressure, mb [milli bars]

TS = Stack gas temparature, °K
Ta = Ambient air temparature at stack height,
°K
∆H = Plume rise, m
The concentration distribution perpendicular to the plume axis is assumed to be
Gaussian
The concentration distribution perpendicular to the plume axis is assumed to be
Gaussian
Plume