Conditionals

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

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CONTENIDO:
Zero conditional First conditional Second conditional
Third conditional

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Conditionals
T he conditionals are a group of gr a m m a r structures used to talk about
actions and consequences; w e have 4 types of conditionals: zero, First,
second and third
Zero conditional
This conditional is used when the result will always happen, something that
is 100% true, such as rules or laws and their consequences or natural facts.
To make a zero conditional sentence we need two clauses: the first is going
to be the cause or the conditional clause and the second the consequence.
Structure:
If + clause 1 (in simple present) + (,) + clause 2 (in simple present)
If it rains, the grass gets wet
Or
Clause 2 (present) + if + clause 1
The grass gets wet if it rains
Note: in this conditional the “if” can be replaced by “when
When it rains, the grass gets wet

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Exercises

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given

1. If the chickens cross the road, they finally ___________ (to arrive) home safely.

2. If we_____________(to sing) very loudly, neighbours are not happy.

3. If I _______________ (to be) very tired, I always yawn.

4. If I go forward, I _________________ (not / to step) back.

5. If he___________ (to stop) breathing, he starts choking.

6. If he wears braces, his trousers ______________ (not / to fall).

7. If a car is out of fuel, it _____________(to stop) beside the road.

8. If a plane_________________ (to be) out of fuel, it falls.

9. If he ____________________ (not / to swim) anymore, he sinks in deep waters.

10. If she ____________ (to breathe), she lives.

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

First Conditional
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of
course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes
possible things, which could easily come true.
Structure:
If + clause 1 (in simple present) + (,) + clause 2 (in future “will”)
If it rains, I won’t go to the party
Or
Clause 2 ( will) + if + clause 1 (present)
I won’t go to the party if it rains
More examples:
If you don’t study, you will fail
I will get fat if I eat a lot

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Exercises

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences correctly.

1. If you _________ greasy food, you will become fat. (eat/will eat)

2. If your sister goes to Paris, she _________ a good time. (Has/will have)

3. If he _________ that, he will be sorry. (will do/does)

4. If I leave now, I ________ in New York by 8:00 PM.(will arrive/arrive)

5. You ________ on your test if you don't study. (won't do well/don't do well)

6. They won't know the truth if you ________ them. (won't tell/don't tell)

7. If I bake a cake, ________ have some? (will you/do you)

8. If he ________ you, will you answer the phone? (will call/calls)

9. If you don't go to the party, I ________ very upset. (Am/will be)

10. If you get a haircut, you ________ much better. (will look/look)

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Second Conditional

This conditional has two different uses:

!!The first is used to talk about future things that are probably not going
to happen. We talk about imaginary situations.

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

!!The second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which
is impossible. Because is not true.

If I had her WhatsApp, I would text her (I don’t have her number at
the moment, so It’s impossible to me texting her)

Structure: As we mention previously, we have two ways to write a

conditional.

If + past simple + (,) + would + infinitive

If I were you, I would visit a doctor
Would + infinitive + if + past simple
I would visit a doctor if I were you

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Exercises

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.

1. If his nose were smaller, he _________ (be) very handsome.

2. I would come if I _________ (have) a car.

3. If she _________, (know) she would tell him.

4. If his parents didn't give him money, he ________ (go out) so much.

5. If she ________ (believe) me, she would have told me.

6. He wouldn't say that if he ________ (mean) it.

7. I ________ (go) on a trip around the world if I won the lottery.

8. I ________ (do) that if I were you.

9. If these walls _________ (be) thicker, we wouldn't hear the neighbors.

10. If I were a millionaire, ________ (buy) a mansion.

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Third conditional

The third conditional talks about past situations that didn’t happen and their
imaginary results.
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam (but in the reality, I didn’t study
for that exam so I fail)
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

Structure
If + past perfect + (,) + would + have + past participle
If I had done my homework, I wouldn’t have had a low grade.

Would +have + past participle + if + past perfect

I wouldn’t had a low grade if I had done my homework

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Exercises
1. If you (study) _______
had
studied
for the test, you (pass) _______
would have it.
passed

2. If you (ask) _____ me, I (help) _______ you.

3. If we (go) _______ to the cinema, we (see) _____my friend Jacob.

4. If you (speak) _______ English, she (understand) _________.

5. If they (listen) ______ to me, we (be) ______home earlier.

6. I (write) ______ you a postcard if I (have) _______ your address.

7. If I (not / break) ______ my leg, I (take part) ______ in the contest.

8. If it (not/ start) ________ to rain, we (walk)______ to the museum.

9. We (swim) ________ in the sea if there (not / be) ______ so many sharks there.

10. If she (take) _________ the bus, she (not / arrive) _______ on time.

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022

Answer key
Zero conditional exercise. Second conditional exercise.

1. Arrive 1. Would be
2. Sing 2. Had
3. Am 3. Knew
4. Don’t step 4. Wouldn’t go out
5. Stops 5. Didn’t believe
6. Don’t fall 6. Didn’t mean
7. Stops 7. Would go
8. Is 8. Wouldn’t do
9. Doesn’t swim 9. Were
10. Breathes 10. Would buy

First conditional exercise. Third conditional exercise

1. Eat 1. had studied/would have passed

2. Will have 2. had asked /would have helped
3. Does 3. had gone/would have seen
4. Will arrive 4. had spoken/would have understood
5. Won’t do well 5. had listened/would have been
6. Don’t tell 6. would have written/had had
7. Will you 7. had not broken/wouldn’t have taken part
8. Calls 8. had not started/would have walk
9. Will be 9. would have swum/had not been
10. Will look 10. had taken/ wouldn’t have arrived

Elaborado por Jesús Alberto Torres Meza TECAAL SJR, 2022