TPIM Circle Diagram

Electrical Machines 2
Dr. Makarand Sudhākar Ballāl

Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
V.N.I.T. Nagpur
ballal.makarand@gmail.com
Circle Diagram of TPIM
Graphical representation
The equivalent ckt., operating ch. can be obtained
by computer quickly and accurately
But the advantage of circle diagram is that
extremities or Limits of stator current, Power,
torque and slip can be known from circle diagram
The circle diagram is constructed with the help of
1. No load test (I0 & θ0)

2. Blocked rotor test (Isc & θsc)
y
Isc
V1
Output line
θsc
θ0 I
0
O x
4. Join I0 and Isc
1. Draw x and y axes(V1 on y axis)
2. Draw I0 and Isc(=V1/Zsc) Line I0Isc is
output line
3. Draw parallel line to x axis from I0.
This line indicates constant loss vertically
y
Isc
V1
Output line
T
θsc
θ0 I L1
0 C x
O L2
5. Draw perpendicular bisector to output line
6. Draw circle with C as a centre
7. Draw perpendicular from Isc on x axis..
I sc T r2' Rotor Cu Loss
8. Divide IscL1 in such a way that.  
T L1 r1 Stator Cu Loss
y R
rated output power
Isc
V1
Output line
T Torque line
θsc
θ0 I L1
0 C x
O L2
9. Join I0T. This is called as Torque Line.

10. Suppose 1cm=Xamp, so 1cm=V1.X= power scale
Rated output power/V1X = Total cm for rated o/p power
Total cm for rated output power=IscR
y R
P’
Isc
V1
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
O’ θsc
T’
θ0 I L1
L ’
0 1 C x
O L2’ L2
11. From R, draw line parallel to output line crossing at P & P’.
P is operating point
12. Join O and P. Cosθ1 is operating pf.
13. From P draw perpendicular on x axis
Lebel O’, T’ , L1’ and L2’
y R
P’
V1 Isc
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
θsc O’
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
0 C x
O L2’ L2
14. Determine the following

1. Constant Losses and copper losses
L1L2=L1’L2’=constant losses =Core loss + F & W loss
α no load current I0
y R
P’
V1 Isc
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
θsc O’
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
C
0
O x
L2’ L2
At standstill, input power = IscL2 L1L2=Constant Loss
Constant loss= Stator core loss +rotor core loss (f)

F & W loss=0
y R
P’
V1 Isc
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
θsc O’
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
C
0
O x
L2’ L2
At operating point P, input power = PL2’, L1’L2’=Constant Loss

Constant loss = Stator core loss + F & W loss
Rotor core loss ≈ 0 (sf)
Thus L1L2=L1’L2’= Constant loss
y R
P’
V1 Isc
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
θsc O’
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
0 C x
O L2’ L2
At standstill, Stator Cu loss=TL1 rotor Cu loss = IscT

At P, stator Cu loss =T’L1’ and
rotor Cu loss = O’T’
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
O”
θsc O’
T’ T”
θ0 I L1
L1’ L1”
0 C x
O L2’ L2” LP2max
2. Output Power and Torque
Output Power = O’P
The gap betn output line and circle is OUTPUT
0 Power.
Speed Ns
At I0, o/p=0, at Isc, o/p=0 1 Slip 0
Max output power=PmaxO”
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line
θ1 O”’ T Torque line

O”
O’ θsc
T’ T” T”’
θ0 I L1”’ L1
L ’ L ”
0 1 1
L ”’ C x
O L2’ L2” 2 L2
2. Output Power and Torque Tmax
Output Torque = T’P
The gap betn torque line and circle is OUTPUT torque.
At I0, torque=0, but at 0 Speed Ns
Isc, torque=T Isc=Starting torque 1 Slip 0
Max output torque=TmaxT”’
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line

O”
θsc O’
T’ T” T”’
θ0 I L1”’ L1
L ’ L ”
0 1 1
L ”’ C x
O L2’ L2” 2 L2
2. Output Power and Torque
Max Power and Max Torque are not occurring at same time
Contradiction to max power transfer theorem
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line

O”
θsc O’
T’ T” T”’ L1
θ0 I L1’ L1” L1”’
0
L ”’ C x
O L2’ L2” 2 L2
3. Slip, Power factor and Efficiency
Air gap power Pg = Input power – Stator Cu loss- core loss
=PL2’-T’L1’-L1’L2’ = PT’
O"T " O" 'T " '
s = rotor Cu loss/Pg =O’T’/PT’ smp  smt 
Pmax T " Tmax T " '
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line

O”
θsc O’
T’ T” T”’ L1
θ0 I L1’ L1” L1”’
0
L ”’ C x
O L2’ L2” 2 L2
3. Slip, Power factor and Efficiency
Power factor cosθ1 = PL2’/OP
Efficiency= PO’/PL2’
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line
braking torque
θ1 T Torque line
O”
θsc O’
T” s=1
T’ Te L
θ0 I L1’ 1
0 C x
O L2’ L2
4. Braking Torque s=α
s=0 0 Speed Ns
The gap betn circle and T & s=α is braking 1
α torque Slip 0
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line
braking torque
θ1 T Torque line
O”
θsc O’
T” s=1
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
0 C x
O L2’ L2
5. Induction Generator s=α
s=0
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line
braking torque
θ1 T Torque line
O”
θsc O’
T” s=1
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
0 C x
O L2’ L2
s=0
θG OG=Gen Current
s= -ve O’G=Mech I/p
G
(Generator) L2’G=Active power
ballal.makarand@gmail.com PGmax OL2’=reactive power
y R
P’
Pmax
V1 Isc
Tmax
P Output line
braking torque
θ1 T Torque line
O”
θsc O’
T” s=1
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’ Te
0 C x
O L2’ L2
s=0 0 Speed Speed
Ns
θG OG=Gen 2Ns
Current
α 1 Slip 0 Slip -1
s= -ve O’G=Mech I/p
G
(Generator) L2’G=Active power
ballal.makarand@gmail.com PGmax OL2’=reactive power
Example
20 hp, 400 V TPIM gave following Test Results.
Free Run Test Data : 400 V, 9 A and 1250 W

Blocked Rotor Test Data : 150 V, 38 A and 4000 W
Draw Circle Diagram. Consider current scale 1 CM = 5 A
and Stator and Rotor copper losses are equal. Show
Torque line.
Determine the Power Scale and compute the following.
(a) Full load Current, (b) pf, and (c) Slip
Note : 20 hp = 20x746 = 14920 W.
Solution
Cosθ0 =1250/(√3 x 400 x 9) = 0.2004 θ0 = 78.5 deg
Cosθsc =4000/(√3 x 150 x 38) = 0.405 θsc = 66.1 deg
Short circuit current at rated voltage
IscN = 38x (400/150) = 101.3 A
2
Power taken rated voltage = 4000x(400/150) = 28440 W
Draw I0 = 9 A (1 Cm = 5 A) 1.8 cm at 78.5 deg

from V axis.
Draw IscN = 101.3 A (1 Cm = 5 A) 20.26 cm at 66.1 deg
from V axis.
y
Isc
V1
Output line
θsc
θ0 I
0
O x
4. Join I0 and Isc
1. Draw x and y axes(V1 on y axis)
2. Draw I0 = 1.8 cm and Isc=20.26 cm Line I0Isc is
output line
3. Draw parallel line to x axis from I0.
This line indicates constant loss vertically
y
Isc
V1
Output line
T
θsc
θ0 I L1
0 C x
O L2
5. Draw perpendicular bisector to output line
6. Draw circle with C as a centre
7. Draw perpendicular from Isc on x axis..
8. Line IscL2 represents 28 440 W

y R
rated output power
Isc
V1
Output line
T Torque line
θsc
θ0 I L1
0 C x
O L2
9. Power Scale = 28440/ length IscL2 = 28440/8 cm

Thus 1 cm = 3555 W
10. Rated output power = 14920/3555 = 4.2 cm

Draw line IscR showing rated output power
y R
P’
Isc
V1
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
O’ θsc
T’
θ0 I L1
L ’
0 1 C x
O L2’ L2
11. From R, draw line parallel to output line crossing at P & P’.
P is operating point
12. Join O and P. Length OP gives line current = 5 x 6 cm = 30A
13. Measure angle θ1 and find Cosθ1 = Cos30 = 0.866
Lebel O’, T’ , L1’ and L2’
y R
P’
Isc
V1
P Output line
θ1 T Torque line
θsc O’
T’
θ0 I L1
L1’
0 C x
O L2’ L2
s = rotor Cu loss/Pg =O’T’/PT’
s = 0.3/4.5 = 0.067 or 6.7%

Example for HW
Draw the Circle Diagram for 5 HP, 200V, 50 Hz,
Y connected, TPIM.
Free Run Test Data : 200 V, 5 A and 350 W
Blocked Rotor Test Data : 100 V, 26 A and 1700 W
Consider current scale 1 CM = 2 A and Stator and Rotor
copper losses are equal.
Determine the Power Scale and compute the following.
(a) Current, (b) pf, (c) Slip and (d) Efficiency at rated
load.
Homework
1. Explain the importance of Circle Diagram in TPIM.
2. Why Circle Diagram is called ECG of TPIM?
3. What information is obtained from Circle Diagram?
4. Explain the step wise procedure to draw Circle
Diagram.
5. How to get power scale in Circle Diagram?
6. Explain the operation pertaining to Circle Diagram
with Power (Torque) – Slip characteristics for the
machine acts under different modes.

TPIM Circle Diagram

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Electrical Machines 2

Dr. Makarand Sudhākar Ballāl

1. No load test (I0 & θ0)

9. Join I0T. This is called as Torque Line.

14. Determine the following

At standstill, input power = IscL2 L1L2=Constant Loss

Constant loss= Stator core loss +rotor core loss (f)

At operating point P, input power = PL2’, L1’L2’=Constant Loss

At standstill, Stator Cu loss=TL1 rotor Cu loss = IscT

θ1 O”’ T Torque line

θ1 O”’ T Torque line

θ1 O”’ T Torque line

θ1 O”’ T Torque line

Free Run Test Data : 400 V, 9 A and 1250 W

Draw I0 = 9 A (1 Cm = 5 A) 1.8 cm at 78.5 deg

8. Line IscL2 represents 28 440 W

9. Power Scale = 28440/ length IscL2 = 28440/8 cm

10. Rated output power = 14920/3555 = 4.2 cm

s = rotor Cu loss/Pg =O’T’/PT’

s = 0.3/4.5 = 0.067 or 6.7%

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