EEM 305 Sinyaller ve Sistemler

Güz 2020-2021
Ödev #8

Q1. Aşağıda verilen sistemi dikkate alarak

a. 𝜔! ’ın aşağıda verilen her bir değeri için −9𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 9𝜋 aralığını kullanarak 𝑋" (𝜔)’yu
çizerek gösteriniz.
i. 𝜔! = 𝜋
ii. 𝜔! = 2𝜋
iii. 𝜔! = 3𝜋
iv. 𝜔! = 5𝜋
b. 𝜔! ’ın hangi değerlerinde spektral örtüşme (aliasing) oluşur?
c. 𝜔! ’ın hangi değerleri için 𝑥" (𝑡) aynıdır?
 Similarly, for wo = 31 X 10-3 and wo = 57 X 10-3,
cos((on X 10-3) = (-1)"

S16.2
The sampling function

p(t) = (t - nT), T = 13,

has a spectrum given by

2r =o -2rk
P(co) a WYE~k

= 67r ( (w - 61rk),

shown in Figure S16.2-1.

P(W)

67]

-127r -67r 0 67T 121r

Figure S16.2-1

cos(wot) has a spectrum given by rb(o - wo) + rb(o + wo), shown in Figure
S16.2-2.

cos (CO0 t)

F r S 1. 2

Figure S16.2-2

S16-1
ls and Systems

From the convolution theorem

1
=
2wr P(w) * [irb(w - wo) + gr(w + wo)]
Hence, it is straightforward to find X,(x).
(a) (i) For wo = 7r:

37r

-7n -6n -5r - nT 57 67 77

Figure S16.2-3

(ii) For wo = 2r:

37r

6 4
-81r - 7T - 7r -2In 2
7T
4
1r 67r 87r

Figure S16.2-4

(iii) For wo = 31r:

 Sampling / Solutions
S16-3

(iv) For wo = 5r:

Figure S16.2-6

(b) From part (a), it is clear that (i) and (iv) are identical.

S16.3
The signal x(t) = cos(wet + 0), where wo = 2wfo, can be written as
0
x(t) = lei'eiot + le -' e -jWOt
and the spectrum of x(t) is given by
X(w) = rej'"(w - wo) + re ~j'0 (w + wo)
The spectrum of p(t) is given by
2rk)
P(W)= 2
T k -0 T,
Therefore, the spectrum of x,(t) is

X,(W) =
2Tk -
Wo+ e -job (W -
2 rk+ )
/ L e6e
and the spectrum of X,(W) is given by
X,(w) = H(w)X,(w)

wr
(a) wo = 2r X 250, 0 =-) T = 10- ,
4,

X,,(w) = Tr [e'b(w - 2w X 10'k - 21 X 250)

Tk= -

2
+ e -j"S(w -
1 X 103k + 27 X 250)]
Hence, only the k = 0 term is passed by the filter:
X,(w) = w[ej'5(w - 2w X 250) + e -i"S(w + 21 X 250)]
and
25
X,(t) = 1 ei'ei2 x ot + 1 e -'e -22rX25o
2 2
= cos (2w X 250t + 0)

= cos (21 X 250t +

Q2. İşaret değişen dürtü treni şeklinde örnekleme sinyali kullanan bir sistem ve ilgili giriş sinyalinin
Fourier dönüşümü aşağıdaki görselde verilmiştir. Buna göre
a. ∆< 𝜋⁄2𝜔# için 𝑥" (𝑡) ve 𝑦(𝑡) sinyallerinin Fourier temsillerini çizerek gösteriniz.
b. ∆< 𝜋⁄2𝜔# için 𝑥(𝑡)’yi 𝑥" (𝑡)’den geri çatacak (reconstruction) bir sistem tanımlayınız.
c. ∆< 𝜋⁄2𝜔# için 𝑥(𝑡)’yi 𝑦(𝑡)’den geri çatacak (reconstruction) bir sistem tanımlayınız.
d. ∆, 𝜔# ’ye bağlı olarak tanımlansın. 𝑥(𝑡)’nin 𝑥" (𝑡) veya 𝑦(𝑡)’den geri çatılabilmesi için
∆’nın en yüksek değeri ne olmalıdır?
 2
+ e -j"b(w - 7 X 10 3k + 2
r X 500)]
Since H(w) = 0 at w = 2r X 500, the output is zero: x,(t) = 0.

S16.4

(a) x,(t) = x(t) 6(t - 2An) - x(t) 6(t - A - 2An)

= x(t) :b(t - 2An) - - A - 2An)I

L n =- o n -o t

By the convolution theorem,

1 2wr
X,(w) = X(w) 6 (

1 2 * 2-7
X(w) * - T -n -- ) e
27 2An _o

= X(W)* -
w,,

12(An)fl)
- n7

X,(w) is sketched in Figure S16.4-1 and Y(w) is sketched in Figure S16.4-2.

 Sampling / Solutions
S16-5

X,(w)

_3ff -r 7r 3L7r
3n2n n + , 2n 3n

Figure S16.4-1

Y(W)

Fi S1.4ff-
Figure S16.4-2

(b)

xP(t) X x(t)

-WM CJM

cos("f)

Figure S16.4-3

(c)

2A

yt X x(t)

-CJM liM

cos(Z)

Figure S16.4-4

(d) A is maximum when ir/A is minimum. From part (a) we see that aliasing is
avoided in X,(w) if wm zr/A. Hence, Amax = */Wu.
17 Interpolation
Solutions to
Recommended Problems
Q3. Aşağıda verilen sistemde 𝑥(𝑡), dürtü treni ile örneklenen bir sinyaldir. Buna göre 𝑥" (𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡)
ve 𝜔(𝑡)’yi çizerek gösteriniz.
S17.1
It is more convenient to solve this problem in the time domain than in the frequency
domain. Since x,(t) = x(t)p(t) and p(t) is an impulse train, x,(t) is a sampled ver-
sion of x(t), as shown in Figure S17.1-1.

x,(t)

xP\ t

-4T 0 4T

Figure S17.1-1

x(t) = x(t) bt - nT)

n= -oo

= Z
n= -oO
x(nT) 5(t - nT)

Since y(t) = x,(t) * h(t) and x,(t) is impulsive, the convolution carried out in the
time domain is as shown in Figure S17.1-2.

y(t)

\t
-4T 0 5T
Figure S17.1-2

Here we have that x(t) is sampled by a rectangular pulse train as opposed to an

impulse train.

S17-1
Q4. Aşağıda verilen sistemi kullanarak, verilen üç farklı ℎ(𝑡)’ye ait 𝑦(𝑡) çıkış sinyallerini çizerek
gösteriniz.
s and Systems

Since h(t) * (1/T)h(t), shown in Figure S17.1-3, is wider than the sampling
period T, the resultant w(t) is not a triangularly sampled version of x(t). w(t) con-
sists of the superposition of waveforms shown in Figure S17.1-4.

1- -

\ t
0 T 2T
Figure S17.1-3

w(t)

--4T i 6T

Figure S17.1-4

We note that this superposition is actually a linear interpolation between the sam-
ples of x(t). For example, Figure S17.1-5 convolved with Figure S17.1-6 equals
Figure S17.1-7.

x,(t)

1 Ji1 t
0 1 2
Figure S17.1-5
 Interpolation / Solutions
S17-3

t t
1 1 0 1 2 3

Figure S17.1-6 Figure S17.1-7

Now adding the shifted and scaled triangles yields Figure S17.1-8, which we see is
the linear interpolation between samples of x,(t).

0 3

Figure S17.1-8

Now since (1/T)h(t) * h(t) is Figure S17.1-9, we expect that w(t) is the linear inter-
polation of x,(t) shifted right by T, shown in Figure S17.1-10.

w (t)

/000 1'0
-4T 6T
2T

Figure S17.1-9 Figure S17.1-10

als and Systems
4

S17.2

y(t) in all cases is the superposition of two signals.

(a)
y 1 (t)

Figure S17.2-1

(b)
Y 2 (t)

- - - - -_ --
0 2 3

Figure S17.2-2

(c)
y 3 (t)

sinin(t 1)
T (t -1)

sin n (t - 2)
2 (t - 2)

Figure S17.2-3