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06 NEW DELHI, TUESDAY 12 MARCH 2024 Vol.

CXXXXXVIII 61

Strikes on Pakistan
A MEMBER
OF THE

Incorporating and directly descended ASIAN VOICES


from THE FRIEND OF INDIA - Founded 1818
Iran indeed was the first country to recognise the independent state of Pakistan and Women’s work:
Election Odyssey they were on the same side during the Cold War. But the Iranian Revolution of 1979
time to recognise

A s the country braces itself for the world’s largest el- did add a sectarian angularity that compounded issues for Pakistan given the strained,
ection, the dance between tradition and techno- polarised and effectively ‘minority‘ status afforded to Shias living in Pakistan. The their critical role
logy takes centre stage. From camelback journeys
fact that both Iran and even Pakistan were battling Baluch insurgents in their respective in agriculture
transporting voting machines through Rajasthan dessert

D
terrain, and mules to the highest polling stations at 15,000 areas added a bit of commonality. But fissures emerged when Shia-Sunni tensions espite women’s significant
feet above sea level in Kashmir and Ladakh, to the vigilant contributions to our agrifood
monitoring of social media for malicious deep fakes, the played out violently in an increasingly Wahhabised Pakistan systems in the Asia-Pacific
country’s commitment to ensuring a fair and transparent region, women continue to
electoral process is commendable. The upcoming gener- face persistent obstacles, including
al election, expected by May, marks a significant mile- limited access to resources, services,
and discriminatory practices all along
stone with over 960 million registered voters. The Election the food value chain.
Commission, responsible for orchestrating this mammoth As we gather to celebrate this
exercise, has unveiled plans to set up control rooms year’s International Women’s Day
specifically dedicated to identifying and combating fake (IWD), it is time for action, to fully rec-
content on social media. In a digital age where misinfor- ognize women’s indispensable role in
mation can spread like wildfire, this initiative reflects a the fields, in the factories, and those
proactive approach to safeguarding the democratic running small and medium-sized
process. However, the recent resignation of Election Com- companies, associations and cooper-
missioner Arun Goel raises questions and adds a layer of atives – all of which produce the nutri-
complexity to the electoral landscape. With only Chief tious food we eat each day.
But recognizing and acknowledg-
Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar remaining among ing this is not enough. In Asia and the
the mandated three-member Election Commission, con- Pacific, there is a critical need for
cerns loom over the potential impact on the election’s financial investments to achieve gen-
integrity. The resignation, shrouded in mystery as Mr Goel der equality in agrifood systems. This
remains tight-lipped about the reasons, underscores the would play a huge role in the region’s
need for transparency within India’s election machinery. agrifood systems transformation ~ now
In the face of such a critical development, the mandated underway across the region ~ a trans-
Selection Panel, consisting of the Prime Minister, the formation endorsed by 40 FAO Mem-
leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union ber Nations at the recently convened
FAO Regional Conference for Asia and
minister, is expected to convene this week. Their deliber-
the Pacific, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
ations will play a pivotal role in determining the future This year’s IWD theme, “Invest in
composition of the Election Commission, a process that Women. Accelerate Progress,” under-
demands careful consideration to maintain the institu- scores the urgency not only to increase
tion’s independence. As the nation awaits the election investments but also to ensure better
schedule announcement, it is essential to recognise the investments for creating an enabling
delicate balance the Election Commission must strike. environment and sustainable results
The task at hand is not only to oversee the logistics of an toward gender equality.
election of unparalleled scale but also to navigate the While the importance of investing
in women’s economic empowerment
evolving landscape of information dissemination. The
commitment to combating fake content on social media,

T
while commendable, must be executed with care to avoid here is always a slip That Pakistan has harbour- Hazara Shias of Afghanistan had The hugely embarrassed
encroaching on freedom of speech. India’s election between the cup and ed Machiavellian intent of con- reposed preference). Pakistanis who have had to face is well-established, financial invest-
machinery is not just about deploying millions of employ- the lip when it comes to trol via ‘Strategic Depth’ in Afgh- Lastly, the emergence of Pak- ‘surgical strikes’ from India, ments, specifically those geared
ees to remote corners and battling misinformation. It is a Pakistan’s reality. What anistan is also something that istan as the global ‘nursery’ of ter- increasingly so from Afgha- towards gender equality within the
reflection of the country’s commitment to democratic is publicly postured is seldom offends the proud Afghans. rorism of various hues, made it nistan, and now for the second economic and productive sectors, have
values. so. Creation of Bangladesh in So unpalatable has been even more hard to ignore or tol- time from Iran were quick to remained inadequate.
The awareness programmes conducted by the Elec- 1971 was amongst the most the Pakistani reality that its own erate. The fact that the Pakistani issue a weakly worded state- This underinvestment has con-
powerful symbols of an unsus- creation, the State either patron- ment: “Social media and some tributed to insufficient progress in
tion Commission to improve voter turnout in regions tainable rationale for the only Afghan Taliban, ized or at least tol- foreign media are spreading advancing women’s economic empow-
with historically lower participation rates demonstrate nation to be created in the name has turned rogue erated sectarian false propaganda that Iranian erment and hindering women’s oppor-
an inclusive approach, aiming to ensure that every voice of religion. Bangladesh personi- and attacks its groups like Laskar- forces have killed a commander tunities in agrifood systems.
is heard. As the nation embarks on this electoral odyssey, fied the deep complexities, irre- progenitor. e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Ahle of Jaishul Adl on Pakistani soil. According to FAO data from 2023,
it is imperative to recognise the challenges and appreci- pressible passions and identities Today, the Sunnah Wald Jam- No such incident happened on by narrowing the gender gap in farm
ate the efforts being made to address them. The resi- that lurk below the simplistic fact is that it is no at (ASWJ) aka Sip- Pakistani soil”. productivity, and the wage gap in agri-
lience of India’s democratic process lies not just in the and templatized framework of longer the Line-of- ha-e-Sahaba (SSP), The Iranians were equally food system employment, the world’s
sheer scale of its operations but in the meticulous atten- co-religiosity. Control or LoC Tehreek-e-Labbaik quick and cutting in their insis- gross domestic product would rise by 1
tion to detail required to uphold the principles that It is the same canvas of div- along the Indo-Pak Pakistan (TLP) or tent confirmation that they did percent (nearly USD 1 trillion).
underpin the world’s largest democracy. The choices ersities and societal imperatives realm that is ac- even Jundallah indeed kill a Baluch insurgent, This would also reduce global
that make the superficiality of counting for Pak- (‘Soldiers of God’) Esmaeil Shahbakhs, inside food insecurity by about 2 percentage
made in the coming weeks, both in terms of electoral
the ‘land of the pure’ at variance istani blood, but BHOPINDER made the Iranians Pakistan. points, decreasing the number of food-
preparations and the appointment of new Election Com- with neighbouring Afghanistan the tense Durand SINGH recoil and prop up The war of words continued insecure people by 45 million.
missioners, will significantly shape India’s democratic and Iran (let alone a proudly Line (Pak-Af re- their own Shiite and deteriorated in accusatory So, what can we, collectively, do
The writer is Lt Gen PVSM,
narrative for years to come. secular India). alm) that is wit- AVSM (Retd), and former rival groups like Si- tones with Pakistan accusing to bridge this financial investment gap?
Lt Governor of Andaman &
Even though Bangladesh, nessing incessant Nicobar Islands and pah-e-Muhammad; Iran of deliberately conjuring a In addressing this question, it is imper-
Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan ‘terror’ attacks Puducherry thus an uneasy and false narrative to clear its purp- ative to thoroughly review both tradi-
Fed’s challenges are all part of the larger Ummah
or Islamic Community, they are
which are bleeding unsaid bilateral
Pakistan. Cross-border attacks reality to the one postulated by
orted embarrassment following
Pakistan Air Force’s retaliatory
tional and innovative financial and
policy instruments.

U S Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell finds all individually predicated on a by elements based in Afghanis- officials in Islamabad ensued. attack under ‘Operation Marg Gender Responsive Budgeting
himself at the centre of monetary policy moves certain commonality of prides tan are the definitive norm. Today, Iran accuses Pak- Bar Sarmchar’. (GRB) is a key approach, but it is essen-
that could sway the economic tides in a Presiden- that could be fiercely sectarian Iran indeed was the first istan of ‘not doing enough’, be it Ironically, both the sides tial to recognize the wide array of
(e.g., Iran which imagines itself country to recognise the inde- for protecting the Shia interests are supposedly fighting against a strategies available for investing in
tial election year. Mr Powell’s recent testimony before a
as the leader of Shiite sensibili- pendent state of Pakistan and in Pakistan or for taking action common enemy (i.e., Baluch women.
US House committee reflects a delicate balancing act, ties), cultural/ethnic/linguistic they were on the same side dur- against Iran-facing Sunni insurgents), except that a cross- We need to hear more from
with the prospect of interest rate cuts on the horizon, yet divergences (e.g., Bangladesh or ing the Cold War. Baluch groups like Jaishul Adl border attack by one nation on women, we need to learn from their
uncertainty lingering like a shadow. Mr Powell’s cautious ‘Bengali country’), or even histo- But the Iranian Revolution (‘Army of Justice’). the other suggests optics of past successes and focus on impact by
optimism echoes through the corridors of economic dis- rical/tribal codes (e.g., Afghanis- of 1979 did add a sectarian an- This group formed from the emasculation and humiliation accelerating investment.
course, as he delicately threads the needle between tan which has remained fiercely gularity that compounded issu- Junallah fount has been respon- for the Armed Forces of the ter- This should create space for devel-
addressing the need for potential rate reductions and independent for eons). es for Pakistan given the strain- sible for the most deadly attacks ritorially ‘violated’ nation. opment partners, including rural
steering clear of premature actions that could reignite All of them valourise their ed, polarised and effectively on Iranian Police and Military. It is the same sentiment women and their communities, to
inflation. The economy, Mr Powell asserts, is on a fav- unique identities in equal if not ‘minority’ status afforded to It led to the unprecedented that abounded when the Unit- share experiences and join forces to
ourable trajectory, showcasing a low 3.7 per cent unem- higher measure than just co- Shias living in Pakistan. cross-border strikes between ed States had ‘taken out’ terror- create a realistic chance of achieving
religiosity of Islam, as posited by The fact that both Iran and Iran and Pakistan in January. ist Osama Bin Laden from a the 2030 agenda, where gender equali-
ployment rate and widespread growth, providing a solid the ‘Idea of Pakistan’. even Pakistan were battling While both sides had sub- compound in Abbottabad, ty is essential.
foundation for his projections. The spectre of the Novem- Try as hard as the Pakista- Baluch insurgents in their res- sequently played down the inci- under the nose of the Pakistani While addressing visible gender
ber Presidential election casts a shadow over every word nis might to offer platitudinous pective areas added a bit of co- dent, the gloves were off and it military. gaps is crucial, efforts to promote the
uttered by Mr Powell. The politicisation of the Federal terms like ‘brotherly Islamic re- mmonality. But fissures emerg- was only a matter of time before There are obviously credible voice and leadership of women, and
Reserve’s decisions is an undeniable reality, as committee lations’ with Kabul and Tehran, ed when Shia-Sunni tensions such incidents were to return to murmurs that the US attack tackle the root causes of gender-based
members grapple with the need to influence economic all sides remain extremely wary played out violently in an incre- wound the Pak-Iran borders, would have been aligned private- inequalities, are equally important for
outcomes without veering into the realm of political of this wishy-washy outreach. asingly Wahhabised Pakistan. like in the routine case of Pak- ly with the Pakistanis (or a se- ensuring long-term results.
manoeuvring. The market’s anticipation of a rate cut in If it is the contentious non- Iran in its adopted role as the Af’s Durand Line. ction thereof) as there is no way To ‘walk the talk’, at FAO head-
June highlights the delicate nature of the Fed’s decision- recognition of the invisible global safeguard of Shiite caus- Some days ago, Iran yet that US Seals could have flown quarters in Rome, the Director-Gener-
Durand Line for the Afghans es, could no longer be oblivious. again reported a cross-border in and conducted an operation al, Dr QU Dongyu recently announced
making process. Mr Powell’s emphasis on the evolving
and the underlying dream of This fundamental bone of attack into Pakistan killing a for nearly 40 minutes and man- establishment of an Office for Youth
economic landscape and the importance of data-driven ‘Pakhtoonistan’ ~ it is the tense contention made both sides Jaishul Adl ‘commander’ inside aged to fly back without the Pak- and Women.
decisions underscores the complexity of the task. The Fed, habitation of 2 million Sunni choose different options in the Pakistani territory. istanis reacting to the same. Building on the work of the
he asserts, will “keep our heads down and do our jobs,” a Baluch in the Iranian region of killing battlefield of Afghanistan Implicit in Iran taking law But whatever be the truth, Women’s Committee, the Office will
mantra that encapsulates the central bank’s commitment Sistan and Baluchestan, on the in the 1990s ~ while Pakistan into its own hand, puncturing even that was tantamount to a continue, among other things, to pro-
to its dual mandate of maximum employment and price Iran-Pakistan border (with per- backed the Sunni Taliban, the Pakistan’s territorial integrity, is ‘surgical strike’ ~ just like the vide a “safe space” to discuss topics
stability. For President Joe Biden, the Fed’s decisions hold ceived ‘bases’ in Pakistan), that Iranians backed the coalition of either complicity or willful tol- other strikes conducted by nei- affecting women in the Organization,
significant weight. Mr Powell’s pronouncements could riles the two nations against minorities from the Northern erance of forces inimical to Iran ghbouring India, Afghanistan or such as gender parity, sexual harass-
shape public perception, influencing approval ratings and Pakistan. Alliance (which is where the within Pakistan. now even by Iran. ment, and parental leave provisions.
the perceived success of Mr Biden’s economic manage-
ment. As the incumbent gears up for the election, the
stakes are undeniably high, with the Fed’s moves poten- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR editor@thestatesman.com
tially impacting the narrative on inflation, unemployment,

Rocky road ahead


and interest rates. Pakistan’s stability by promoting status as a nuclear-powered leadership, the international com-
The recurring theme of a “soft-landing” dominates Mr economic development initiatives nation, need for stability in the munity, and the military are essen-
Powell’s discourse, painting a picture of an economy grad- and electoral transparency. How- region is paramount, with implica- tial to steer the country towards a
ually easing into a state of balance. The emphasis on ever, interventions must be care- tions extending to neighboring path of stability and prosperity.
expecting inflation to come down and the economy to sus- SIR, This is with reference to your in democratic institutions, and fully calibrated to avoid percep- countries like India. Pakistan Yours, etc., Amarjeet
tain its growth signals a measured approach to policy editorial, ‘Shehbaz Returns’ prioritize economic revitalization tions of interference in Pakistan’s stands at a pivotal juncture, and Kumar,
(March 6). The recent Pakistani to address widespread hardship. internal affairs. Given Pakistan’s concerted efforts from domestic Hazaribagh, 6 March.
adjustments. Mr Powell walks a tight-rope, acknowledg- election has brought to light Pakistan’s socio-economic
ing the risks of both delaying rate cuts and acting too has- deep-seated fractures within the challenges include high inflation
tily. While Mr Powell’s commitment to keeping the bench- nation’s political landscape. and stalled growth amplifying
mark rate at its current level suggests a reluctance to tighten With no decisive winner, public frustration. The success of
further, the spectre of asset values climbing and financial allegations of widespread elec- the government will depend on
conditions easing raises eyebrows. The delicate dance of toral irregularities, and the exclu- its ability to address these press-
policy implementation involves navigating through the sion of Imran Khan’s PTI party, ing concerns, which have the po-
exuberance in the economy without stoking the flames of Pakistan’s democratic process tential to erode public trust and
inflation. Mr Powell’s reassurances about the solid outlook, faces significant challenges. lead to further instability.
Against a backdrop of eco- The nation’s future trajectory
supported by the latest Beige Book, offer a glimmer of hope.
nomic adversity and public dis- could hinge on the government’s
Yet, the divergence in data leaves room for interpretation, content over military interference, capacity to forge a cohesive coali-
with conflicting reports on services prices and consumer the country’s future appears tion, rebuild confidence in the elec-
spending complicating the narrative. As Mr Powell and his uncertain. Despite Sharif’s appo- toral process, and implement effec-
colleagues gear up for future decisions, the economic land- intment as Prime Minister throu- tive economic policies to alleviate
scape remains unpredictable. The coming weeks will pro- gh coalition-building efforts, the hardship and stimulate growth.
vide a litmus test for Mr Powell’s cautious optimism. government must navigate inter- The international community can
nal tensions, restore public faith play a crucial role in supporting
NEW DELHI, TUESDAY 12 MARCH 2024 07
Pakistan is no longer a
100 YEARS AGO

OCCASIONAL NOTE
The Manchester Guardian gives a

priority for India


full report of the address delivered a few
weeks ago by Sir William Clare Lees, as
President of the Manchester Chamber
of Commerce, in which he reviewed the
prospects of trade and indicated some
of the conditions favourable or adverse
to commercial progress. As regards
India, Sir William showed that the fun-
damental factors are all favourable to
HARSHA KAKAR In reality, nothing changes in the continued recovery of her purchas-
Pakistan. Shehbaz raised Kashmir in ing power. He pointed out that the bal-

P
rime Minister Narendra Modi his first comments on being appoint- ance of trade is setting strongly in her
congratulated Shehbaz Sharif ed. He mentioned, ‘Let’s all come favour, and that from the financial point
on being appointed PM with a together…and the National Assembly of view, India is entering upon a period
formal message mentioning, should pass a resolution for the free- in which she will be an increasing factor
“Congratulations to @CMShehbaz on dom of Kashmiris and Palestinians.’ of the world's trade. Her recovery, as Sir
being sworn in as the Prime Minister of Even in April 2022, he had done the William observed, will be accelerated or
Pakistan.” A similar tepid response same. retarded in harmony with that of
came from Pakistan. Sending congrat- He had then stated, “We want Europe. One of the interesting points
ulations is a diplomatic nicety convey- good ties with India but durable peace brought out in Sir William's address is
ing recognition of the new govern- is not possible until the Kashmir dis- the degree in which commercial and
ment. There was no mention of pute is resolved. We will raise voice industrial interests are shared by all
enhancing ties or even working togeth- for Kashmiris brothers and sisters at nations in common. "Prosperity in
er for upliftment of the public, which every forum. We will give them diplo- America means better trade for us," he
displayed the indifference of the Indian matic and moral support.” What else remarked, pointing the moral of a survey
government. The tweet was sent after can be expected from India-obsessed of Transatlantic trade conditions and
Shehbaz was sworn in as the PM. Pakistani politicians? their effect upon British commerce.
This is in sharp contrast to the Many in Pakistan are aware of the "Peace in Europe spells prosperity in
message sent by PM Modi in April turnaround in the Indian economy and India" was another epigrammatic say-
2022 when Shehbaz was appointed the size of Pakistan with the difference and would survive for as long as exploit any weakness in Pakistan. its current global standing. This is evi- ing, driving home the lesson of the inter-
PM for the first time. Apart from cus- increasing each year. India is involved Rawalpindi’s club of Generals desire it Hence, tensions with India will open dent when Pakistani representatives in dependence of European and Indian
tomary congratulations, PM Modi in every major global discussion, while to. Bilawal Bhutto and Imran are doors for them to grab what they every global body have only India to commercial interests. Sir William spoke
added, “India desires peace and sta- Pakistan remains a non-entity. Pakistan always waiting on the sidelines ready believe should not be a part of Pak- discuss but never does an Indian repre- in strong terms of the responsibility
bility in a region free of terror, so that never comes on the table when a global to jump on the PM’s throne. One error istan. A financially weak Pakistan can- sentative mention Pakistan, except in incurred by politicians in Europe whose
we can focus on our development visitor comes to Delhi, while Kashmir is and Shehbaz would be on a flight to not handle two fronts simultaneously. response. Half of the Pakistan PM’s UN actions may have the effect of limiting
challenges and ensure the well-being mentioned prominently whenever a London. Mentioning dialogue to any- Sixthly, Kashmiris are no longer General Assembly speech is devoted to the outlets for Indian products.
and prosperity of our people.” He had dignitary visits Pakistan. For India, Pak- one in Islamabad is valueless. enamoured by Pakistan, its propa- Kashmir and India, while Pakistan does
even written a congratulatory letter istan is a has-been state while Islam- Backchannel discussions with the ganda or joining it on religious not figure even when the External
mentioning that India desired “con- abad continues to possess a Kashmir Rawalpindi cliché of generals may grounds. The vast gap in develop- Affairs Minister speaks there. The pop- NEWS ITEMS
structive ties” with Pakistan. A simi- and India fixation. possibly be ongoing. ment on the two sides of the LOC is ularity of PM Modi as a global leader is
lar message had been sent when Secondly, India knows that Pakistan Fourthly, apart from China, Pak- clearly visible. Protests for breaking visible in Pakistan. Many Pakistanis
Imran Khan had become the PM.
In both cases, the Pakistani PMs
neither has the resources nor weaponry to
pose any credible threat. All it can do is
istan has no supporters. The US pos-
sesses the ability to squeeze the IMF
away or being granted freedom are
no longer visible in Kashmir but in
hope for a PM like him.
In the current scenario India is POLICE RAID AT
had replied but failed to follow up by
curtailing support to terrorism, and
continue claiming Kashmir as disputed
which must be resolved through UNSC
tap, if India applies requisite pressure.
Saudi Arabia and the UAE are more
POK and Gilgit Baltistan. Hartals,
stone throwing and violence is non-
unlikely to take any initiative. It has
to flow from Pakistan and without any
HOWRAH
letting the opportunity for dialogue resolutions, a cry which is hollow and interested in investing in India than existent in Kashmir while a non- pre-conditions. The dialogue offer BOMBAY, FEB. 5
pass. Post August 2019, Pakistan empty. Its comments in global bodies supporting Pakistan financially. Any cooperation movement is gaining should also not insist on Kashmir or At the instance of the Special
added a new condition which was linking Kashmir to every issue is a display Indo-Pak conflict can impact West ground across the LOC. Hence, Pak- reinstating article 370. Further, as a Branch of the Calcutta Police the house
reinstating Article 370, a demand of its frustration. It is no longer a frontline Asian investments, which would be istan’s promise for supporting the preliminary goodwill gesture, Pakistan of Jiban Krishna Maiti, of Ramkrishna-
India would never meet. Hence, the state, begging to survive and struggling to unacceptable. Hence, they would Kashmiri cause is aimed at disguis- must announce reinstatement of High pore Road, Howrah, was searched early
relationship froze. maintain ties with the US while being a keep a tight leash on Pakistan. It will ing the reality of its lost claim. Commissioners, as also commence- yesterday morning in connection, it is
What has really changed in the Chinese lackey, whereas without India no be permitted to belabour Kashmir, Finally, India has moved into ment of trade. Islamabad should understood, with the arrest of Bipin
recent past for PM Modi to send a curt global crisis can be discussed. nothing beyond that. election mode. Even contemplating understand that India does not need Bihari Ganguli in Ghusury Road. Bipin is
and formal message to Shehbaz, fulfill- Thirdly, the coalition that She- Fifthly, Pakistan’s internal security engaging in dialogue at this stage is Pakistan. But they need New Delhi’s said to be a prominent member of the
ing diplomatic niceties while displaying hbaz heads has no power to initiate scenario as also its relations with Kabul fraught with risk. Even if Pakistan support if they have to get out of the old Yugantar party and a warrant for his
no intent to engage with Islamabad? any dialogue with anybody, let alone and Tehran are worrisome. Groups were to offer reconciliation, the gov- economic mess they are in. arrests was issued recently under Regu-
Firstly, India has outgrown Pak- India. It has been cobbled up by the such as the Baloch and the TTP ernment would hesitate as it has had lation III, of 1818. He, however, man-
istan. The Indian economy is ten times deep state to meet their requirements (Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan) would bad experiences earlier. The writer is a retired Major-General of the aged to abscond and could not be traced
Indian Army.
till his arrest a few days ago. The man
was convicted at the Alipur Sessions in

Foreign policy under Trump 2.0


1915 in connection with the Agarpara
dacoity and was also said to be impli-
cated in the theft of 50 Mauser pistols
and 50,000 cartridges belonging to
Messrs. R.B. Rodda and Co. After his
release, he joined the congress party.
took off, not least because American politics has a strong aversion to sup-

W FRENCH TRAIN
hat will US foreign policy democracy itself had regressed. porting wars or getting America
look like under Donald His chaotic management of the embroiled in other people’s wars.
Trump 2.0? Governments
and people across the
US military withdrawal from
Afghanistan was a major blow to US
Which is why European countries
should worry most about his return DISASTER
world have already started assessing image and credibility. He failed to and about the US security guarantee LONDON, MAR. 11
this as the former president appears mediate peace to bring the costly for Europe. Trump will likely force Messages from France state that the
increasingly likely to return to power Ukraine war to an end. His policy on Ukraine into negotiations with Russia Paris-Calais Mediterranean express was
even though the election is far too early Israel’s war in Gaza isolated the US to seek a peace deal to end the war derailed yesterday morning near Lyons.
to call. But irrespective of who wins the from the international community, and would be unconcerned if the out- The driver and fireman were seriously
presidential race, there is a general per- which wanted the conflict to end, but come favoured Moscow. injured, three British passengers were
ception of the US among the interna- instead, witnessed repeated American He has often bragged he can end killed and twenty-four injured, and one
tional community that is informing vetoes of ceasefire resolutions in the the war in 24 hours. There is also French passenger was killed and one
assessments about Washington’s UN Security Council. This and Wash- strong opposition among Republicans injured. The disaster occurred at
future engagement with the world. ington’s arming of Israel also eroded and party supporters to aid for Grands-Mulets, where trains are divert-
This concerns the intensely support for Biden from within his own Ukraine. Trump’s stance on Ukraine ed to Les Grotteux. The train had just
polarised state of the country, which party, especially among young and has implications for the Taiwan issue, passed the crossings when the engine
frequently gridlocks the political sys- liberal Democrats. which he has seldom referred to. was derailed and overturned, dragging
tem, threatens government shut- Not that Trump will be any dif- Trump has also never said America with it several coaches, including a
downs and paralyses Congress. So ferent on this issue given his staunch would intervene militarily if China sleeping car and dining saloon.
much so that agreement on the budg- As he is now a known quantity, fered little from Trump’s, except per- pro-Israel stance, which also appeals ‘invaded’ Taiwan, as Biden once Accounts testify to the remarkable cool-
et proves elusive, and even aid to will it be easier for the world to deal haps in tone. On trade their approach to his supporters among evangelical declared. ness shown by the British passengers,
America’s closest ally (Israel) fails to with him? Not necessarily. His mer- was identical. Trump-era tariffs not Christians. He said last week that Because Trump has a transac- who behaved as if nothing had hap-
pass Congress. Institutional dysfunc- curial and whimsical personality only remained intact but were sup- Israel should continue its military tional view of foreign relations that pened. Sir St. Clair Thomson, the throat
tion and other challenges to its makes it uncertain whether his sec- plemented by tech restrictions offensive until “complete victory” and would make his policies unpre- specialists, was only slightly bruised, and
democracy compels administrations ond term will just mimic the first and unleashing an intense tech war. “finish the problem”. His other utter- dictable but also open to pragmatic the passengers who escaped injury
to be much more preoccupied with offer more of the same in foreign poli- Biden’s aggressive stance towards ances during the campaign have a possibilities. His administration included Mr. Leslie Henson, Miss
domestic challenges and troubles. cy. His impulsiveness makes it diffi- Beijing and policy to contain China of familiar ring. He has repeated the would prefer to strike deals with com- Heather Thatcher and other members
This in turn means Washington’s cult to gauge his future policies with course reflected the political consen- America First rhetoric, talked of petitors and rivals rather than try to of the Beauty Prize Co.
international engagement is neither certainty especially as he is capable of sus in the US for a tougher posture imposing new trade restrictions/ tar- subdue them, especially given his
seen as sustained nor consistent and
US reliability also comes into ques-
suddenly changing course.
When Joe Biden became presi-
towards Beijing. For their part, Chi-
nese officials saw little to distinguish
iffs on China and ending its most
favoured nation trading status.
admiration for strongmen at the helm
in some of these countries. His resist- THE REPARATIONS
tion. This at a time when the US is no
longer the sole dominant power in a
dent, his defining phrase of how his
administration would depart from
between Trump and Biden’s policies
This prompted Chinese leaders to
He also chastised Nato allies for
not sharing the defence burden. He
ance to detail in his foreign policy
pronouncements gives him room to TANGLE
growing multipolar world, which Trump was ‘America is back’. It meant repeatedly warn Washington against said in his second term, America manoeuvre and adapt. OXFORD, MAR. 11
imposes limits on its power. more expansive and energetic US engaging in a Cold War and describe would fundamentally rethink “Nato’s Trump’s more ambitious, if not The work of two Reparations
The prospect of another Trump engagement with the world in line the Biden administration’s strategy as purpose and its mission” and ask sweeping, plans are on the domestic Expert Committees is now reported to
presidency only reinforces this percep- with traditional US policy and global one of ‘confrontational competition’. European nations to reimburse the front, which aim to downsize the be in an advanced stage and the com-
tion given both his unpredictability role. But in several core areas his In many respects, Biden’s world- US billions of dollars for military sup- ‘administrative state’ and revamp the pletion of their inquiries will bring
and ‘America First’ unilateralist approach was not different from that view seemed stuck in the past and not plies it sent to Ukraine. He even said deep state but will also be driven by appreciably nearer that general discus-
approach, which produced so much of his predecessor. in sync with a vastly transformed he would encourage Russia to attack revenge. That means the American sion of the whole Reparations problem
disruption and discontinuity in foreign In others, his administration’s world. For example, his effort to cast ‘delinquent’ Nato countries who don’t people will have more to fear from for which their work is essential. The
policy in his first term and eroded declaratory policy was not matched the world into a defining battle spend what they should on defence. Trump’s return than the international Premier stated in the House of Com-
America’s international standing. His by operational reality, as for example between democracy and authoritari- Much of this is campaign rheto- community. mons today that the resumption of dis-
isolationist approach also made the the aim to ‘restore America’s global an rule was a throwback to a Cold War ric. But there is little question that a cussions, whether oral or written,
country retrench from its global role. leadership’. On China, his policy dif- paradigm and rhetoric. The idea never man who brings business instincts to Dawn/ANN. between M. Poincare and himself must
await the report of the two committees.
Examining in connection with Repara-
CROSSWORD NO-292718 tions and cognate questions the exist-
ing political feeling in France and Ger-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ACROSS 14 Solemn promise to refrain 22 Performer takes action to (5)
many, the Labour journal, the Daily
from drinking toast return in Hamlet? 7 Cut wood supporting seats Herald, states that it is the atmosphere
YESTERDAY'S SOLUTION (6) (8) (4,5) in Germany rather than in France
9 1 Direction of take-off in this 15 Second customer calling for 8 Substance got him dancing which is causing anxiety, and it com-
N E W I N T H E C L U B plane! house cat (6) DOWN in swimwear
(8) 16 Smoke hid rocky Arab (7,8)
ments upon the assertive tendencies
O L D B E A N A L E O manifested by the German Nationalists.
10 11 B B S DU NGEON E R 6 Good man with something territory 2 Understanding directions 13 Taking it all in having gone
L E E CH E E D C I D to cover flasher at disco? (8) about shelter put up in round planet?

MR. J.F. GRAHAM


(6) 17 Revolutionary and monster centre (9)
E R A N O T E E
9 Potassium density becoming accessories (7,8) 14 Mixed responses but
12 13 14 R I GO L E T T O R A NDR
fluctuates with force and (10) 3 Songbird catching a cold continues forward

15 16
O
T
A
L
H E COA S T
V E
R I C
I S C L E A R
B O
atomic explosive
(5,2,8)
19 Horse to follow flawlessly
finding way through
becomes silent
(5) 16
(7,2)
Daily porridge needed for I.C.S.
C I RC E A N K Y L OS E D
10 Difficult problem for Ravel (4) 4 Boy singer with his rector African flier On the eve of the departure of Mr.
(4) 20 People opposed to the for excitement (7)
O M R T I A H E 11 Work experience aboard enemy are in a rush (9) 18 Be consumed in chimney
J.F. Graham, District Judge, Dacca, as a
17 18 19 L U C B S UN B URN vessel protecting marine (4,7,4) 5 Girl guzzling due to drain erected for tycoon judge of the Calcutta High Court, the
L E F T OV E R S K F T species (10) 21 Payment letter demands coffee cups (5) judicial and ministerial officers of Dacca
I F M L MA E S T R I
20 E N S H E A T H E T I A
12 Theatre skill doubled energy material about (7) 19 Film company and Narainganj gave an evening party
in comic dialogue conservationists 6 Rocket incorporating new sorry having removed jerk
(8) (6) submarine detection system (5)
at "Ahsan Manzil" on March 3. The East-
ern Bengal Rifles' Band and Bagpipes
21 22 were in attendance. The function was
NOTE: Figures in parentheses denote the number of letters in the words required. (By arrangement with The Independent, London) attended by the elite of the town, Euro-
pean and Indian.
     


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the framework of the hazards, In an era of job markets and ,)+#/ + favour of the University or the competencies for the
some assumptions could hold benchmarking of skills, the English system of education. unknown. It also requires cre-
 some truth. One of the assump- certification process which -'(' '(, , '1 By all estimates, the Gurukul ating some applicable assump-
tions is the need and the ability the so-called English education ,&#)(,++ system of education was never tions. Whether the English or
for strategic thinking. One also system follows comes in very loaded in favour of numbers, the university system of edu-
needs the skills to cope with an handy. Hence, its relevance -'('4#',,& and as such, institutionaliza- cation can do it better, or can
evolving environment and meet remains in the job market, and tion of the Gurukul system sel- the Gurukul system do better,
the requirement to achieve what many jobs are open only to #/+(+0 dom,if ever took place on the is a consideration which
one may set as one’s goals be they certain qualifications such as /,)# .##/ scale at which the English or requires a lot more thinking
financial or professional. secondary certificate, bachelor the university system operat- and analysis than what it has
One thing which cuts across all certificates or the master cer- /# /(,+&,/ ed. merited so far. Mercifully, the
variations is the need to be a con- tificate of the so-called univer- Further, the Gurukul system of National Education Policy has
stantly evolving and growing sity system. The parallel Indian '#&))/# education seldom had the already planted the seeds by
person. Data and information are system also has certain bench- kind of timetable which the talking of “Indian education-
one of the coping stones of this marks such as a person could English or the university sys- al system”. The seed has to
learning process. Hence, it fol- be a Kavya Teerth. This means tem thrives on. Be it at the sprout, be nurtured and
lows that one of the basic skills a that the person with the title of school level or the higher edu- allowed to grow before the
person requires is identification Kavya Teerth had proficiency cation level, in the fruits start coming in.
of data and understanding of in poetry and poetics. This English/University system of (The writer is a well-known
what constitutes information. would entitle him to be ranked education a six-day week management consultant of
This may require some rethink- as a person who has achieved always had variations of sub- international repute. The
ing on the elements and the excellence of a proficiency jects and inputs. views expressed are personal)

B   "#     $     &  
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Sir — This refers to Hiranmay Karlekar’s 5\USdY_^3_]]YccY_^UbbUcYW^c
 "!* ! 5!" article, “Giving stray dogs a bad name”
(March 9, 2024). India has around 20,000
rabies deaths a year which according to the
% ( %  !=%"   
#   %% 9 !  %;

)"" #!) ' World Health Organisation, “accounts for  #   %% %
36 percent of the world’s deaths.” Most of    "%"   %!!  %
7 8%$ the victims of rabies in India are under the    $   % %!  %    "
age of 15 years. This fatal disease has been  ! % 
'          eliminated from many countries. It is a 9    % %  %
challenging job in a country like India % !% %9  ;
        where dogs are allowed to roam freely.      %  % %
Rabies can be eliminated by vaccinating all       %=
o fulfil the demands of and greenhouse gas emis- compared to no-till systems. dogs for a number of years and by steril-  %=  "%"  + 9

T the expanding global


population, farmers
must overcome obstacles such
sions.
The main goals of conserva-
tion agriculture are to main-
CA is a sustainable crop-
production technique that
reduces soil erosion, water
ising the stray dog population. Bhutan has
successfully sterilised and vaccinated its
entire stray dog population after pursuing %"   #   %% 
 ! !  %!%
 < % 9        % 
 = 9 % 9     !  "
as soil erosion and water loss
from conventional agricultur-
al production. Conservation
tain a permanent organic soil
cover to shield against the
damaging effects of sunlight
and land degradation, and
dependency on foreign
inputs. By using less petrole-
a 14-year-long programme. Bhutan sets an
example which India needs to follow.
Most of the victims of dog bites and rabies
 ! 0   #   %%
( % % %   9%!
 % " !%%   !% 
      % (%%
   !%  %9
 > %!  !  "% %
Agriculture (CA) makes and rain, to supply nutrients um, CA enhances ecosystem belong to the poor working class of our  %    %%     "   !  %<!% ;
effective use of natural serve resources without for the quick growth of soil quality and soil and water society as they have to work in the open     9%%% % ; %    " % 
resources to provide a sustain- endangering the environ- micro- and macroorganisms, quality, reduces greenhouse to build our roads, bridges and houses for  !%  %  ! < A G Rajmohan | Anantapur
able solution. CA techniques ment, have been introduced and to modify the soil’s gas emissions, and helps all of us and to serve everything at our
raise revenue, boost resource in response to the negative microclimate for ideal devel- reduce global warming and doors starting from morning newspapers address the issue. It has rightly asked the in hotels. Many doctors cite a worry that
efficiency, and enhance soil effects of conventional agri- opment. air pollution. It also reduces to food packets. It is really perplexing that task force to study existing literature and there is an increase in the number of peo-
fertility. A traditional farming cultural processes. However, since burning or labour, time and production their deaths evoke little public sympathy data on mental health and suicide incidents ple suffering from kidney and throat ail-
method called tillage involves CA eschews ploughing and removing leftovers can hurt expenses for farmers. and a lukewarm response from the author- among medical students. ments, cancer, and infertility in the city due
adjusting the soil by plough- other soil disturbance prac- the fertility and health of the To encourage CA adoption, ities. I love dogs as much as I hate insen- Evidence-based strategies to boost the to the consumption of hot food items car-
ing, harrowing, and plough- tices in favour of little soil soil, residue management farmers, researchers, and sitive attitudes towards poor workers. All mental health of medical students cannot ried in low-quality plastic bags or boxes.
ing to attain the ideal tilth and mechanical interference. With poses a threat to crop output technicians must change their stray dogs must immediately be sterilised be overstated. At present, both the UG and When hot food or liquid is packed in a plas-
friability. the use of sophisticated zero- in India. In CA, crops are perspectives on sustainable and kept in an enclosed area to minimise the PG students are overburdened with syl- tic bag, toxic chemicals like styrene and
Despite its advantages, tillage tillage seeders known as zero rotated sensibly to give soil production strategies, such as colossal loss of human lives. labus and work. The result of all this is a bisphenol can leach into the food, poten-
faces problems such as declin- ferti-cum-seed drills, crop fauna and microflora a varied minimal or no tillage com- Sujit De | Kolkata high prevalence of anxiety, depression, fear tially leading to cancer, heart disease and
ing soil fertility, ecological seeds are directly dispersed diet and to take advantage of bined with proper residue of failure and suicidal thoughts. The men- other reproductive problems.
imbalance, loss of sustainabil- into undisturbed soil. soil strata for the cycling of management. Socioeconomic B9C9>7CE9394531C5C tal health plan layout of the task force asked Therefore, the Department of Food Safety
ity, and water scarcity. Among Herbicide application and nutrients and water. More barriers to CA adoption Sir — Between 2018 and 2022, 64 MBBS to report by May 31, may or may not bring must enforce a ban on packing hot edible
its disadvantages are the weed-slashing/rolling are part diversified crop rotations include inadequate residue students reportedly took their own lives about a radical shift in the thoughts and items, including beverages, in plastic bags
depletion of soil organic mat- of land planning. Organic encourage stable root chan- management and sowing and 58 postgraduate students followed suit, actions of the medical students. However, and harmful containers, particularly in
ter brought on by exposure to agricultural leftovers are more nels and macropores, optimal device selection. Farmers ostensibly due to severe anxiety and it is heartening that a start has been made cities. Hoteliers and owners of tea and cof-
air and sunlight, the break- likely to be deposited on water infiltration and a often burn leftover crop depression. Also, 1270 students discontin- by the NMC. fee shops should be instructed not to use
down of soil aggregates more untilled fields, where they decrease in insect incidences. residue during crop rotation, ued their studies midway. These are Ganapathi Bhat | Akola plastic bags or containers for packing hot
frequently, soil erosion, form mulch that protects the Crop rotation, organic residue contributing to environmen- unwanted numbers not only for the stu- edible items. Additionally, traders should
increased production costs as soil from wind and rain, integration, and tillage tech- tal degradation and loss of dents, who have high hopes of becoming 21>8?D6??49>@<1CD93217C prominently display announcements in
a result of fuel consumption evens out soil temperature, nique modifications can sig- sustainability. doctors but also for the government and Sir — Despite the ban on plastic bags and their business establishments, urging cus-
and wear and tear on machin- and encourages the growth of nificantly impact soil fertili- (The author is an assistant the society that faces an acute paucity of compostable plastic bags for carrying or tomers to bring their vessels for purchas-
ery, and greenhouse gas emis- microorganisms. This strate- ty by increasing soil aggregate professor at Agronomy qualified doctors. A methodical study to dispensing commodities across the coun- ing any hot edible items.
sions from the burning of fos- gy distributes the best use of and nutrient availability. College of Agriculture and pinpoint reasons for the burnout of try, they are still extensively used, especial- Vijaykumar H K | Raichur
sil fuels, which contribute to goods and services with less Organic crop residue man- Environmental Technology medicos was the need of the hour. The ly for packaging food in hotels. Items like
global warming. Sustainable expensive production, lower- agement raises soil microbial Surajmal University; views National Medical Commission(NMC) has tea, coffee, milk, sambar, rasam, and hot ' #- " @
farming strategies, which pre- ing the usage of fossil fuels biomass and nitrogen levels are personal) put in place a 15-member task force to curry are commonly packed in plastic bags  . /0 .12343
     

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icro, Small and Medium bolster the MSME ecosystem in Secondly, it empowers MSMEs realise the full potential of the

M
 $$  $    !     % 
  !     $  %  ($ Enterprises (MSMEs) con- India. Notably, the Finance Act with better bargaining power when MSME sector. Furthermore, the
stitute a vital sector of the 2023’s provision, section 43B(h), negotiating payment terms with transition from Udyog Aadhaar
Indian economy, actively extended to amounts payable to larger counterparts, minimizing Memorandum (UAM) to Udyam
engaged in both the ser- micro and small enterprises cov- disputes and legal complexities. Registration has been a significant
vice and manufacturing industries. Their ered under the MSMED Act 2006. To qualify as micro, small, or regulatory change impacting
significance lies in their substantial con- This move was geared towards medium enterprises under the MSMEs. The mandatory conver-
tribution to India’s GDP, and the enhancing the credit cycle of MSMED Act 2006, specific crite- sion to Udyam Registration under-
Government aims to elevate this contri- MSMEs, ensuring smoother busi- ria must be met regarding net scores the Government’s commit-
bution to 50 per cent in the foreseeable ness operations. investment in plant and machin- ment to streamlining registration
future. Consequently, MSMEs are right- Section 15 of the MSMED Act ery or equipment, as well as net processes and enhancing trans-
fully considered the backbone of the stipulates the time limit for pay- turnover. It’s noteworthy that only parency in the MSME ecosystem.
nation’s economy, playing a pivotal role in ments to MSMEs by buyers, micro and small enterprises are However, ensuring widespread
its growth trajectory by employing mil- emphasising timely settlements. considered suppliers for section awareness and seamless imple-
lions of unskilled and semi-skilled work- However, the non-utilisation of 43B(h), whereas medium enter- mentation of this transition remains
ers. these provisions in the past was prises are excluded from its ambit. a critical task.
In terms of economic output, MSMEs play -'(# often attributed to the vulnerabil- The effective implementation of The availability of financing options
a significant role. They contribute over 29 ity of micro and small enterprises section 43B(h) hinges on various tailored to the unique needs of
        !  !   
per cent to the GDP and account for half (0+(&(+ vis-à-vis medium and large enter- factors, including clear communi- MSMEs is another area requiring
of the country’s total exports. Additionally, prises. The introduction of section cation between buyers and suppli- concerted efforts. While initiatives
!             they are responsible for approximately /(# '2# 43B(h) sought to address this dis- ers, adherence to agreed payment like the Mudra scheme have aimed
      !     ! % one-third of India’s manufacturing output. parity, mandating timely pay- terms, and compliance with regu- to address the financing gap for
     (    ( $) With an employment base exceeding 11
.##+4#, ments and penalising delays latory requirements. Furthermore, MSMEs, there’s a need for contin-
    !$     */0  (!   crores, there’s a concerted effort to elevate ., #/'# beyond specified limits. the provision mandates timely ued innovation and expansion of
       ! $  $% this figure to 15 crores in the coming Under this provision, any sum disclosure and reporting by audi- financial instruments to support
 ! !             years. 4 4# #,/(+ payable by the assessee to a micro tors, ensuring transparency and their growth ambitions effectively.
Acknowledging the critical role played by (+(='#/#?  or small enterprise beyond the accountability in financial dealings. Fostering an ecosystem conducive
 $   $%:    $(      (  MSMEs, both the central Government time limit specified in section 15 In conclusion, section 43B(h) rep- to innovation and technological
  $   % $ $       and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have ,+(+),) of the MSMED Act 2006 would be resents a significant step towards adoption is essential for enhancing
(      !        !  $) rolled out several schemes to support subject to disallowance. bolstering the MSME sector in the competitiveness of MSMEs in
% MSME entrepreneurs. Some notable ini- +##&,/ Additionally, interest for delayed India by promoting timely pay- a rapidly evolving global land-
/            !  ) tiatives include MSME Samadhaan, /,(2# payment, set at three times the ments and strengthening their scape. Initiatives like Make In India
        ! !  $!  Udyog Aadhaar, Mudra, ZED Scheme, Repo Linked Benchmark Lending financial position. However, its and the ZED Scheme provide valu-
   !! (       $    !
Make In India, and Stand-Up India. 4# )/# , Rate (RBLR), compounded successful implementation neces- able support in this regard by
Despite the provisions outlined in the monthly, as per section 15 of the sitates collaboration between encouraging domestic manufactur-
(   (   $%0 !  $    Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises /# MSMED Act 2006, would also be stakeholders, proactive compli- ing and promoting quality stan-
  !   !  (           Development (MSMED) Act of 2006, applicable. It’s crucial to note that ance, and robust enforcement dards.
 (   !$!  % MSMEs often faced challenges, particu-
#2,2(+0 the registration of the buyer under mechanisms. By fostering a con- In conclusion, while significant
 !             3  larly concerning timely payments from '#+0# + the MSMED Act, 2006, is a prereq- ducive environment for MSMEs to strides have been made to bolster
        !$$ ) %       larger enterprises. To address this issue, uisite to avail the benefits under thrive, India can unleash their full the MSME sector in India, there’s
    !    $ !  !$      ) an innovative provision was introduced in )+,*'# section 43B(h). However, this pro- potential as an engine of econom- a continuous need for proactive
the Finance Act 2023 under section #,/? &) vision does not extend to dues out- ic growth and job creation. measures to address evolving chal-
4  % 43B(h) by the then Finance Minister, standing to traders as per the Despite the progressive measures lenges and unlock the sector’s full
    $      $        Nirmala Sitaraman. This provision aimed ,#+( MSMED Act’s definition of enter- introduced, such as the Finance potential. By leveraging technolo-
    $   ! !     ) to strengthen MSMEs by ensuring time- prise. Act 2023’s provision under section gy, fostering financial inclusion, and
 $( $ !  ! % ly payments from buyers, underscoring The practical implications of sec- 43B(h), challenges persist in ensur- promoting an enabling regulatory
< ! ! $    !  ! %   $  their status as growth engines of the econ- tion 43B(h) are manifold. Firstly, ing comprehensive compliance environment, India can further
$ !    (      $($   $    ! omy. it ensures a smoother payment and effective enforcement mech- strengthen its MSME ecosystem
  ! $  $%  !     ) During the COVID-19 pandemic, cycle for MSMEs, incentivising anisms. It’s imperative for stake- and propel economic growth and
MSMEs were severely impacted due to large entities to settle dues within holders, including MSMEs, large job creation.
!        !   $) constrained credit cycles. To facilitate their the stipulated time frame. This not enterprises, regulatory bodies, and (The writer is a Chartered
   !% recovery post-pandemic, the Government only ensures their financial stabil- auditors, to collaborate closely to Accountant & Insolvency
7KHZULWHULVDQHGXFDWRUYLHZVDUHSHUVRQDO has implemented continuous measures to ity but also fosters their growth. address these challenges and Professional; views are personal)

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emiconductor chips are the realization of which manufacturing capabilities, Government-supported insti- QUAD, India-US iCET, and an attractive destination for the

S posited as the new oil by


some; some see them as a
threat to national security,
requires careful analysis of
the following:
Complex value chain: The
currently largely vested with
Taiwan and South Korea.
These foundries require facil-
tutions developed the R&D
capabilities and acquired for-
eign technologies in Taiwan.
investment interests from lead-
ing US firms like Micron are
aimed at exploiting opportu-
highly specialised global
knowledge workers who relo-
cate with their families and
while others view them as a three core verticals of Design, ities 10,000 times cleaner than Though they followed differ- nities in technology, resourc- participate in the country’s
passport to economic prosper- Fabrication, and ATP form a hospital surgical room, and ent evolutionary paths in the ing, talent, and research. ambitious journey of develop-
ity. Dominated by companies one of the most diverse supply the purity standards of some of development of the semicon- However, in a complex indus- ment. It’s also important to
from the United States, chains in the world, crossing as the 300 different materials ductor industry, both lever- try such as Semiconductors, grab the opportunities offered
Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, many as 70 borders before needed to produce an aged inter-country mobility of only industrial cooperation by the decoupling that allows
and the Netherlands, the semi- 7 reaching the consumer. US advanced semiconductor are experts wherein return of for- can do so much. Talent is iden- India to find value-aligned
conductor industry is seen as %% companies dominate the 1,000 times higher than for eign-educated nationals pro- tified as one of the top three international partners, who,
the new oil, serving as a ful- design of advanced chips, cap- solar energy panels. South Korea and Taiwan: In vided significant transfer of risks for the industry, where- knowing its history of respect-
crum of future geopolitical lives, from coffee machines turing ~47 per cent of the Geopolitics: The US continues less than twenty years, Taiwan best practices and state-of- as India’s skilled workforce ful coexistence and burgeon-
strength for these nations. and mobile phones to electric value. Foundries manufacture to control key choke points of and South Korea displaced the the-art knowledge. can at best claim expertise in ing economic prominence,
Similarly, traditional military vehicles and health equip- the designed chips operating at the global supply chain and technology leaders like India’s moonshot at becoming Chip design. India is said to be bridge the R&D and execution
combat is no match for AI- ment, offering an industry subatomic-level precision, cap- retains the ability to influence Germany and climbed the a Semiconductor Hub: The two decades behind the Chip gaps. India’s success with
enabled missile attacks, quan- potential of trillions of dollars turing ~24 per cent of the other nations that wrest con- patent charts on semiconduc- recent promise of $10 billion curve, and some of the most Chandrayaan-3, 5G, and
tum computer-driven deci- by 2030, according to value. ATP is a relatively auto- trol over manufacturing tors from zero to 386 and 267 under the Semicon India pro- developed nations in advanced Digital technologies does offer
sion-making, drone swarms, McKinsey. India’s ambition to mated and lower-value busi- processes. Samsung’s decision respectively in the late nineties. gramme, the PLI scheme, and manufacturing have struggled optimism with respect to its
and cyberattacks powered by ascend the pecking order of ness but is now changing with to diversify its manufacturing In South Korea, the chaebols the separate Design-Linked to establish prominence in ability to realise its formidable
state-of-the-art semiconductor global superpowers by build- advanced packaging tech- to Vietnam signals the unfold- led vertical integration from Incentive (DLI) scheme aspires the field. vision.
chips, the manufacturing capa- ing advanced technology man- niques. Precision: The ing of opportunities for other the design to the testing of to build India’s muscle across India’s attractiveness therefore (The writer is Deputy Chief
bilities of which bestow power ufacturing capabilities, includ- advanced chips, benchmarked nations from a technological chips and anchored R&D, the semiconductor value needs to extend beyond the Mechanical Engineer, North
and influence. ing semiconductor chips, is below 7 nanometers (nm), decoupling with China. whereas a network of spe- chain. Its international strate- availability of cheap land and Western Railway,
They are embedded in our aptly based on a bold vision, are the true test of technology Technological Catchup of cialised firms and gic partnerships as part of the capital and instead emerge as views are personal)
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EDIT
DECCAN CHRONICLE | TUESDAY | 12 MARCH 2024 | COIMBATORE
pg 6

Subhani

12 MARCH 2024

SC acts firm with SBI


over electoral bonds
T
he futile attempts by India’s largest bank, the State Bank of India
(SBI), to keep the details of the electoral bonds from public eye
unmindful of an order of the Supreme Court of India are a sad
reflection of how the powers that be make historic institutions opt
for indefensible positions and in the process damage their own reputation.
It is also reflective of the fact that how the government, which is the major-
ity shareholder in the bank, has arm-twisted one of the most tech-savvy
banks in the world into cutting a sorry figure when it comes to trans-
parency.
The order of the Supreme Court on February 15 this year declaring elec-
toral bonds scheme unconstitutional was seen as a major step towards
introducing transparency in election funding in India as it held informa-
tion on how each party benefited from the corporate largesse and was crit-
ical for the voter to decide on their choice of a candidate.
It had quite perplexed all those who have an association with the bank in
any manner that it had last week sought more time from the apex court to
prepare the details of the 22,207 bonds it had sold between April 15, 2019,
and February 15, 2024. The bank had come up with the specious argument
that it has kept the details of the bonds in two sets of sealed covers and it

What India should expect LETTERS


would take four months to tally the same and present to the ECI against the
deadline of March 6, set by the court.
The court, which was hearing a contempt of court petition against the
bank on Monday, dismissed its application seeking more time and gave it DMK HANDLES
a working day and half to prepare and pass the information to the ECI,
which will now publish it on its website on March 15, instead of the origi- ALLIES WELL
nal deadline of March 13. The court refused to buy the arguments advanced
by the bank, which runs 22,000-odd branches and serves 48 crore cus-
tomers, that it would take the additional time if it were to match the details
of the donors and beneficiaries. The court exposed the less than honest
attempt by the bank when it insisted that it had ordered the bank to dis-
close only the details of the buyers and the beneficiaries of the bonds sep-
from Shehbaz Sharif govt The Pakistan wish to see such a state of
DMK has handled the seat
sharing issue without hassles.
Kamal Hasan has been wise to
accept the Rajya Sabha seat,
arately, and had not ordered the matching of the two. Pakistan. Sense will prob-
As it stands today, the SBI will present to the ECI with two sets of infor-
leadership ably prevail when all an assured one in 2025, rather
mation by March 12. One set will comprise information on the name of the somehow remains these predictions finally than the tricky Coimbatore or
purchaser of each bond, its date of purchase and denomination the while obsessed with stare it in the face and the
south Chennai Lok Sabha seat.
the second set will have details of political parties which have received
contribution through electoral bonds; this information will include the Syed Ata Hasnain J&K and finds that
this policy offers
Pakistan Army faces
internal dissension, some- This enabled the DMK to keep
denomination of the bonds and their dates of encashment. There will be no thing that is already evi- the Congress Party quota at 9
direct information that links the corporates and the political parties. many advantages. dent.
The SBI, which belongs to the people of India, should now wholehearted- Will the international in TN plus the lone
ly work with the apex court in its efforts to plug the route through which be expected. With a hung community, led by the Pondicherry seat.

W
political parties can receive funds through non-transparent ways. Opting ith the PDM a man considered less legislature and a coalition United States, let Pakistan
to play further tricks will not only attract the wrath of the court but also 2.0 govern- steeped in knowledge of to boot, no single party wallow in the sinkhole it N. Mahadevan
raise the suspicion in the minds of its customers and stakeholders. ment now strategic issues, has made can take the initiative. has dug for itself. We have Chennai
Principles of corporate governance should go hand in hand with those of embedded his stance very clear. In a There are Prime always believed that for
democratic governance; they can’t be at variance one another by a wide in Pakistan statement by him in Ministers-in-waiting the US Pakistan is the
mark. and Imran Khan’s vitri- January 2024, Gen. Asim ready to launch their indi- most relevant real estate.
olic outbursts against
India behind us, can we
Munir said that “since
New Delhi has not recon-
vidual or party campaigns
the moment an opening is
It has demonstrated direct
control over its strategic
NDA ALLIANCE
IN ANDHRA
A win-win trade deal for India now expect any improve-
ments in India-Pakistan
relations? For the better
ciled with the concept of
Pakistan, then how can we
reconcile with it”. Again,
giving to him the benefit
sensed. Bilawal Bhutto
Zardari, young and ambi-
tious, may view himself as
the messiah who would
decisions in the last few
years while preventing its
economy from sinking
further. Will it do so again
The BJP tacitly supported the
part of the past two years YSRCP and Mr. Jagan Mohan Reddy

S
witzerland-led four-member European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Pakistan has been ham- of compulsions of a weak- revenge India for the and will India be factored became its poster boy. Considering
and India have signed a Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement strung by political insta- er state, can he rise above ignominy that his grand- into being part of the its antagonist relationship with
(TEPA), which aims to remove barriers to trade between them. TEPA bility and internal turbu- the ordinary and attempt father faced with the potential solutions, how- TDP, Mr. Modi and Mr. Amit Shah
is a free trade deal in all but name, as it requires both parties to lower lence. The earlier PDM 1.0, something transforma- defeat in former East soever temporary. The US may have realised that Mr.
import tariffs, which a government levies to protect its industry. Globally, which was also led by tional to change the state Pakistan and in Shimla in will not wish to see China J.M.Reddy’s party is shaky and
developing economies are hesitant to forego this sovereign power, for the Shehbaz Sharif, had made of relations with India or 1972. For his PPP, the tac- gaining influence in any may not return to power because of
fear of getting swamped by products from advanced economies. While an no serious effort at trying even an initiative towards tical soft pedalling way and bringing India its notoriety with ruthless rule and
argument in favour of such free trade is that people will get a better choice, to bring change either, that. That is an interesting towards India is fine, but into any solution would failure on many fronts, rampant
the counter-argument would be the inability of the developing economy to although it generally analogy to examine fur- nothing more. run the risk of Pakistan corruption, etc. They adroitly
pay for such imports, which would lead to balance of payments issues. ignored the domain of ther. The belief that the influ- looking more to link close- stitched an alliance making AP the
India faced a similar issue with EFTA. For example, Switzerland, India’s India-Pakistani relations For the last many years ence of Nawaz Sharif and ly with China. South’s springboard.
largest trader in EFTA, exported $16 billion worth products. Of this, $13 bil- but also cut down on vitri- Pakistan has pursued a the wisdom of his years Ultimately, it will be A. Seshagiri Rao
lion was for the import of gold. The rest of the $3 billion was for the import ol; the economic abyss foreign policy for its short- may have tempered him to money that will decide Chennai
of other products such as machinery, chocolates, watches, among others. into which it had sunk term gains and invariably guide the coalition to the which way the cookie
India exported products, mostly raw materials, worth $2.46 billion to perhaps gave it very little denied itself the need to best option for Pakistan to crumbles. In a quandary,
Switzerland. With a free trade in place, well-known Swiss manufactured opportunity to pursue find peace on its eastern overcome its economic the US turned to Pakistan
goods could overwhelm India, without offering a similar advantage for
Indian products, which are mostly raw materials.
regional policy with any
seriousness. To give it the
border to dilute its own
security needs and invest
and security problems —
to make peace with India
to sell ammunition to
Ukraine and underwrote
METRO DIVERSIONS
This deal, however, uniquely resolves this issue by making it mandatory benefit of doubt, perhaps necessary funds in — is also misplaced. the almost $900 million it Chennai Metro rail asks people to take
for the advanced EFTA economies to invest $100 billion in India in the next the internal security situa- strengthening internal Nawaz Sharif has to also cost Ukraine in the diversions from regular routes taken
15 years. The investment does two things — it covers India’s import bill for tion and the problems on resilience. feather the nest for his “bombs for bailout” by most travellers. Still due to mental
a few years as the EFTA member countries could reinvest its receivables the Afghanistan border The leadership somehow daughter Maryam, who arrangement. conditioning, past habits of so many
from Indian imports in India itself. As they invest in India, the Indian also restrained it from remains obsessed with has just got a man-sized Pakistan was otherwise years, drivers take old routes, roads
industry could transform itself into a mature economy that has more prod- looking at relations with J&K and finds that this job as chief minister of known to favour the and turns. Good awareness needs to be
ucts to export. India. Logic now dictates policy offers many advan- Punjab. She is a future PM China-Russia combine but infused at adequate places with
The free trade with EFTA augurs for the Indian manufacturing industry that with an effective tages. aspirant and Nawaz or the found no options here. humans guiding drivers. Development
as the latter could access their technology at a much lesser cost. As EFTA ceasefire in place along First, an anti-India PML(N) would not want to Can the US pull off a diplo- has caused diversion but should not
member countries offered non-discriminatory treatment to Indian services, the Line of Control in stance is perceived to cre- damage her prospects by matic solution through prove dangerous.
including computer-related sectors, Indian tech giants could make deals Jammu and Kashmir for ate nationalist fervour, being the authors of peace which Pakistan stabilises TS Karthik
with global banking giants and tech companies. Overall, the India-EFTA the past three years, although it is hardly ever with India. its eastern border and Chennai
deal is a win-win proposition, which could offer a blueprint for India’s trade Pakistan could do well to an electoral issue. The per- Pakistan’s educated citi- India sees a dilution of
negotiations with other countries. reduce its own concerns ception still prevails that zenry and the media are covert and overt threats
on its western border.
RAMPING IT UP
about the eastern border talking peace with India mature and will always
by stabilising the relation- will fetch negative elec- counsel peace as the only Pakistan can then focus
ship with India, or at least toral dividends. Second, it way that Pakistan can on its western border and TheTrinamul Congress had opted
displaying some propensi- gives the true masters of escape the clutches of India on its northern for ramps to facilitate closer interac-
DECCAN CHRONICLE
ty towards that. It was its destiny, the Pakistan complete bankruptcy. front. Under deep tion between leaders and supporters
KAUSHIK MITTER K. SUDHAKAR Gen. Qamar Bajwa, the Army, enough cause to Climate change will bring Pakistani compulsion, during the speeches on Sunday at
Editor Printer & Publisher former Army Chief, who pursue the obsessive, sui- much more havoc to such an arrangement may Kolkata’s iconic Brigade Parade
R. MOHAN through his long tenure cidal and failed strategy of Pakistan and render it perhaps be possible. Ground. Unlike previous rallies
Resident Editor
DECCAN CHRONICLE offices are located at: often mentioned the need Zia-ul Haq; the one which thirsty when the need for However, in a year when held at the Brigade grounds, these
Chennai: SP 3 Developed Plot, Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai 600032. Phones: (044) 22254750, for Pakistan to pursue seeks retribution against water arises in summer. the United States is under ramps would allow key speakers
222547451 peace with its neighbours India for the loss of the for- Pakistan will by then be siege through the political such as Mamata Banerjee and her
Coimbatore: No. 2/22 Sengalipalayam Road, N.G.G.O. Colony Post, Kurudampalayam Village, in order to create the envi- mer East Pakistan. The an Asian Somalia and a battle between two old MP nephew Abhishek Banerjee to
Coimbatore-641022. Phone: (0422) 2231255, 2231256
Hyderabad: 36, Sarojini Devi Road, Secunderabad 500 003. Phone: (040) 27803930-4. Fax: (040) ronment for its own timeless bogey that is pariah for the world. men battling for the presi- walk closer to supporters while
27805256. growth and development. India remains the ideal Lack of water and an dency, and the wars in delivering their speeches. It is a
Visakhapatnam: Survey No. 1/3A Beach Road, Near Kailasagiri Ropeway, Sector-9 MVP Colony, He mostly contradicted whipping boy to activate already failing economy, Ukraine and Gaza contin- great innovation. We look forward
Visakhapatnam - 530 017. Phones: (0891) 2552333/2552334, Fax (0891) 2755285 himself soon thereafter by the similarly timeless slo- coupled with low levels of uing to rage, such to a happening 2024 Lok Sabha elec-
Vijayawada: No. C 3 & 4, Patamata, Industrial Estate, Auto Nagar, Vijayawada (A.P.). Phones: (0866)
2555284/ 2555287, Fax (0866) 2555234 some negativity over gan – “Pakistan khatre manufacturing due to a thoughts for South Asia tion.
Rajahmundry: Vemagiri, Dhawleswaram Rd, Rajahmundry 533125. Phones: (0883) 2417208, 2417618 Kashmir, which diluted mein hai” (Pakistan is in power deficit and shortage may be utopian. Sankar Paul
Anantapur: Thapovan Colony, Bangalore Bye-Pass Road, Anantapur 515004. Phones: (08554) 276903, the potential narrative he danger). What can change of raw material, will bring Chakdaha, West Bengal
Fax: 08554-276904 was projecting. His suc- Pakistan’s attitude and Pakistan to its knees. The The writer, a retired lieu-
Nellore: Survey No. 527/2, Burranpur Village, Venkatachalam (M), Chemudugunta Panchayat, Nellore.
Phone: (0861) 2348581/ 82, Telefax (0861) 2348580 cessor, Gen. Asim Munir, the approach of its armed raging radical militancy tenant-general, is a former
Karimnagar: H .No. 1-21-12/1, Cheralabhutkur Road, Mugudhumpur Village, Karim Nagar - 505186 a former D-G of Inter- forces? and terror, that thrives on GOC of the Srinagar- Mail your letters to
Phone : 9121181123 Services Intelligence and Politically, not much can low education levels, will based 15 (“Chinar”) Corps chennaidesk@deccanmail.com

T
here was a popular video recently by a tional patterns contextualising the ideology.” or health ministry? The answer from the govern- have also seen they must go directly to jail
young man named Dhruv Rathee, which Nandy added: “Modi, it gives me no pleasure to ment was: “No”. Nobody had been consulted or because there is no question of tolerating what
irked the government’s supporters. Its tell readers, met virtually all the criteria that informed. they say.
broad argument may be understood by psychiatrists, psycho-analysts and psychologists The second is demonetisation. On November 8, Lastly, we must pay heed to what the world out-
the title, which was “Is India becoming a dicta- had set up after years of empirical work on the 2016, the Cabinet was summoned and ministers side is saying about India on this subject. This
Aakar Patel torship?” The examples used in the video includ-
ed the recent rigging of the Chandigarh mayoral
authoritarian personality. He had the same mix
of puritanical rigidity, narrowing of emotional
told to not bring their mobile phones, meaning
that they did not know till the PM told them that
month, the annual V-Dem Institute’s report from
the University of Gothenburg said: “India’s auto-
election by the BJP, the recent rigging of the life, massive use of the ego defence of projection, Rs 1,000 and Rs 500 notes would be useless after cratisation process has been well documented,
panel to select the chief election commissioner, denial and fear of his own passions combined that evening. Since the ministers didn’t know, including gradual but substantial deterioration
the misuse of government agencies against with fantasies of violence — all set within the the ministries didn’t know and didn’t prepare for of freedom of expression, compromising inde-
Opposition leaders, and so on. matrix of clear paranoid and obsessive personal- either of these events. Parliamentary forms of pendence of the media, crackdowns on social
The dictionary defines dictatorship as “a form ity traits. I still remember the cool, measured government function on something called collec- media, harassment of journalists critical of the
of government in which one person or a small tone in which he elaborated a theory of cosmic tive responsibility. But not in New India. government, as well as attacks on civil society
group possesses absolute power without effective conspiracy against India that painted every In India, the head of state is instructed not to and intimidation of the Opposition.”
Of authoritarianism constitutional limitations’, and “a form of gov-
ernment in which absolute power is concentrat-
ed in an individual or a small clique”. I will leave
Muslim as a suspected traitor and a potential ter-
rorist. I came out of the interview shaken…”
To return to dictatorship, to my mind a less
attend the inauguration of the new Parliament
because the Prime Minister wants to preside and
protocol requires that the head of state be absent.
Similar findings come from Freedom House,
which ranks India as “partially free”; Civicus,
the global alliance of civil society organisations,

and freedom: What it to readers to see whether these definitions


align with what is happening around us in India
today.
emotional and more reliable question is to ask
whether we are under authoritarian rule. This is
defined as “the lack of concern for the wishes or
Similarly, and for the same reason, the head of
state is not asked to come to the inauguration of
the temple which the PM wants to preside over.
which rates India as “repressed” and the
Economist Intelligence Unit, which classified
India as a “flawed democracy”.
The word “dictator”, like the word “fascist”, is opinions of others”. Now, let us look at some indi- This isn’t questioned, much less opposed, There are no indices anywhere in the world,
the world is saying overused and its real meaning may be lost as it is
seen as a term of abuse rather than one of defini-
tion. When social scientist Ashish Nandy
cators to see if this is the case. What are they?
First, is there any concern for the wishes and
opinions of those inside the government? To
because the idea that only one individual repre-
sents the State has become accepted here. Have a
look at his photograph everywhere; one cannot
including in nations we consider as friends and
allies, which suggest that Indians have become
more free and India less authoritarian since 2014.

about today’s India described meeting our present Prime Minister


before he became chief minister, he wrote the fol-
lowing: “It was a long, rambling interview, but it
answer that, let’s look at two important cases
where we have conclusive evidence. The first is
the national lockdown of March 24, 2020. The
escape it. We need not spend much time going
over what this government has done and is doing
to the Opposition, by misusing the Enforcement
There is no objective defence. What the support-
ers of the Prime Minister, and I accept that there
are many, can do instead is to tell us why it is
left me in no doubt that here was a classic, clini- BBC filed 240 RTIs (right to information Directorate and the Central Bureau of that his divine authoritarianism is so good for us
cal case of a fascist. I never use the term ‘fascist’ requests) one year after the lockdown to ask who Investigation. There is a daily update on that. It and for our country.
as a term of abuse; to me it is a diagnostic cate- in the Modi government knew the lockdown was is nobody’s case that there is any concern for the
gory comprising not only one’s ideological pos- being announced that evening. Was disaster “wishes and opinion” of the constitutional The writer is the chair of Amnesty
ture but also the personality traits and motiva- management consulted? Or the finance ministry Opposition. Those in civil society who dissent International India. Twitter: @aakar__patel
12 Tuesday, 12 March 2024
MuMbai VIEWS LIVEMINT.COM

OUR VIEW GUEST VIEW


AP

Gender equality is a significant


driver of all economic progress
Several studies have confirmed the vital role of women’s inclusion in everyone’s material welfare

climate crisis, the covid pandemic and for green financial services. Globally,
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine threaten one in three consumers reports that
to reverse many of the achievements she would pay a premium of as much as
we thought we had secured. 25% for sustainable financial services.
With four billion people around the This points to yet another reason
world voting in elections this year, that inclusion is good for business:
there is no better time to highlight the Research shows that more women on
large and positive impact that gender corporate boards correlates positively
equality has on all societies. with the disclosure of carbon dioxide
NADIA CAlvIñO & For example, research by the Euro- emissions. Women now control 40% of
KRISTAlINA GEORGIEvA pean Central Bank suggests that a one- global wealth, and they want to invest
are, respectively, president of European percentage-point increase in female in a sustainable future. Some 74% of
Investment Bank and managing director of managers at a firm leads to a 0.5% drop women report being interested in
the International Monetary Fund. in carbon dioxide emissions. increasing the share of ESG invest-

Polls without opposition


Similarly, the European Investment ments in their current investment
Bank has found that firms led by portfolios, compared to 53% of men.

I
t is hard to find a word that is more women have higher environmental, Firms that fail to make room for
relevant to the world’s greatest social, and governance (ESG) scores. women overlook an opportunity to
challenges and policy priorities than Likewise, IMF research shows that outperform their competitors.

unity would be lopsided ‘inclusion.’ Inclusive, green economic


growth that benefits all of society
is an essential component of sustaina-
ble prosperity, social cohesion, com-
such firms are also more profitable,
and that greater gender balance
on bank boards is associated with
greater financial stability and better
Over many centuries, women have
developed strategies for dealing with
unequal situations, and this has made
them especially valuable to organiza-
petitiveness and geopolitical stability. performance. These findings suggest tions that want to change the world.
Supporting a ‘just transition’ that that the greatest challenges of our Owing to their historical experience
The Trinamool decision to fight Lok Sabha elections solo in West Bengal reflects disunity includes all members of our societies is time cannot be addressed without of exclusion and inequality across
crucial to ensure that climate action inclusion—throughout organizations the world, women are more likely to
within the INDIA bloc. For a credible fight against the BJP, the opposition must try harder and the digital transformation lead to a and at the top. recognize the need for change and
more sustainable and secure world. There has been clear evidence of to consider the impact of a company’s
Gender equality and equal rights are progress. More and more women operations or policy decisions on
not just a matter of equity; they are also today are starting businesses, despite others. By the same token, countries

T
he INDIA grouping took a fresh just a formality. Although the TDP was washed of paramount economic importance. having less access to financing. World with higher female representation in
blow over the weekend as West out in 2019, allying with it may be the BJP’s Research from the International Bank data for 71 countries shows that, parliament are more likely to ratify
Monetary Fund (IMF) suggests that in 45 of them, women represent an environmental treaties and adopt
Bengal’s ruling Trinamool Con- best bet to get a foothold in the state. That is narrowing the gender gap in labour increasing share of “sole owners” policies that address climate change.
gress (TMC) left the Congress party important if India’s ruling party is to make markets could increase gross domestic of companies. Women’s talent is a driving force
in the cold on pre-poll seat sharing, inroads in the south beyond Karnataka. In fact, product (GDP) in emerging markets How might we build on this behind economic progress and an
announcing its own candidates for south-ward expansion is implicit in the party’s and developing economies by almost progress? essential part of the solution to climate
all 42 seats up for contest in the state in the target of 370 seats (plus another 30 won by 8%. The gains from fully closing the A study by the European Bank for change. Women already lead some of
gender gap would be even higher, Reconstruction and Development the world’s most influential financial
upcoming Lok Sabha elections. This amounts allies) set by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. lifting GDP in those countries by 23% demonstrates that blended-finance bodies and play a growing role in the
to fresh evidence of deep internal differences The BJP has more or less maximized its poten- on average. programmes can help women entre- political arena. Now women must lead
within the group that have all along clouded its tial in the Hindi-speaking belt of northern and Simply put, diversity and an equal preneurs access more credit and the shift to a more inclusive and sus-
prospects of putting up a credible joint front central states. While its chances in Bihar had role for women in the economy, in expand their businesses. tainable growth model.
against the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which seemed a bit precarious some months ago, the decision-making, and in policy debates Given that women make or influence We have a unique opportunity to
bring better results. Mobilizing all 80% of consumer-product purchase advance inclusion, to inspire similar
rules the country at the Centre. Earlier, the party has managed to swing the Janata Dal- available talent maximizes productiv- decisions, firms must take women’s commitments from others, and to
opposition Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) had said it United (JD-U) back into the NDA without ity and competitiveness, which will be views and experiences into account if shape the future for the better.
would go solo in Punjab, although it did strike alienating another ally, the Lok Janshakti crucial for addressing climate change they want to sell more of their goods. Odile Renaud-Bass, president of the
a seat-sharing pact with the Congress in Delhi. Party, which had a public spat with the JD-U. and promoting global prosperity. Women also tend to be more environ- European Bank for Reconstruction
Its differing positions are perhaps explained by As for Karnataka, the only southern state with It is especially important at a time mentally conscious, which helps to and Development, is a co-author of this
when the combined effects of the explain the growing customer demand article. ©2024/PROJECT SYNDICATE
its strength in the two states. Having won eight a BJP presence, Modi’s party has got an alli-
of Punjab’s 13 parliamentary seats in 2019, AAP ance stitched up with the Janata Dal (Secular).
sees itself as the dominant player there, and In Tamil Nadu, it would be hoping to make
hence does not want to cede space. In Delhi, its debut as a seat winner through the efforts of
however, despite AAP’s overwhelming major- K. Annamalai, the party’s young face who faces
ity in the state assembly, its seven Lok Sabha a steep challenge in the local heft of Dravidian
seats were swept entirely by the BJP five years parties that profess an ideology at odds with www.livemint.com
New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Chandigarh*, Pune* Wednesday, March 12, 2014 Vol.8 No.61 `4.00 in Delhi­NCR/`5.00 outside Delhi­NCR 24
28 PAGES
+ 4 PAGES MEDIA MARKETING INITIATIVE

ago. So, a coordinated fight by AAP and Con- the BJP’s. While the BJP’s vote share in Tamil Q&A: Melinda Gates on India’s
poverty eradication efforts >19
CORPORATE: SpiceJet may announce $3.9 billion
order for Boeing Max planes >8

gress makes more sense in the national capital. Nadu could rise, whether it translates into WSJ: Malaysia missing plane probe is
profiling passengers >20

No country can ever truly


CONTENT PARTNER
NATION: Maoists ambush kills at least 16 in
Chhattisgarh >5

That said, such divisions within the INDIA bloc seats is another matter.
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CASH SURPLUS KEY CONSTITUENCY QUICK EDIT

make for bad optics. Politics, after all, is about The Mamata Banerjee-led TMC’s snub to
Maruti plans Farmers
go beyond
rooting for BJP in
general election: CSDS survey
VOTING CHOICE
B Y R AGINI V ERMA
E LIZABETH R OCHE
&
Towards
stability
A slowing economy is
usually accompanied
by lower inflation as well
as a shrinking current ac-
flourish if it stifles the
potential of its women and
About 30% of 5,350 farmer households surveyed across 18 states are likely to vote ························· count deficit. The very

perceptions. And with the opposition group’s the Congress has assumed high news salience Gujarat plant
NEW DELHI fact that India has till re-
for the BJP and 17% for the Congress party in the upcoming general election, says a

A survey conducted by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies.

Party farmers Party that cares for 57%


third of farming house-
holds, a key electoral con-
stituency, are likely to vote for
cently been dogged by an
unusual combination of a
loss of momentum, per-
would vote for farmers’ interests the Bharatiya Janata Party sistently high inflation
(BJP) in the upcoming general and a massive current ac-
30% 31% election, says a survey con- count deficit was proof
Car maker’s proposal to which the latter would have built
17% 20% ducted by the Centre for the enough that the economy
buy real estate for the plant itself. 13% 16% 13% Study of Developing Societies was in a deep mess.

members pulling in different directions, the because it’s a party that emerged ahead of the
The announcement raised (CSDS) for Bharat Krishak Sa- The external deficit is
dealers, build factories

deprives itself of the


concerns that Suzuki could sell 2% 1% maj, a farmers’ association. now shrinking. New trade
for parent Suzuki the cars at a higher price to
BJP Others BJP Others
About 30% of 5,350 farmer data announced by the
Maruti than it would have cost households surveyed across 18 government on 11 March
questioned by analysts the latter to produce them itself.
Congress Left Can’t say Congress Left Can’t say
states are for the BJP and 17% shows that the deficit
Maruti owns the land on Biggest problems faced by farmers for the Congress, the main with the rest of the world
B Y A MRIT R AJ which the factory will come up, Others constituent of the ruling Unit- continues to decline. This
Flood/
amrit.r@livemint.com and will lease it to a wholly drought 29% ed Progressive Alliance (UPA). week will also see the re-
························· owned subsidiary of Suzuki’s, Low Institutional In addition, 31% said they lease of new data on

BJP has taken a clear lead as far as pre-poll BJP five years ago in what was largely seen as a
NEW DELHI productivity Depressed
called Suzuki Gujarat. A group of 13% Low Low were undecided. The findings wholesale and consumer

M
economy
aruti Suzuki India fund managers then wrote to 11% Irrigation income farm
price
by CSDS were released on price inflation. Many ex-
Ltd, the country’s larg- Bhargava, asking the company Tuesday. The survey, which pect some good news
9% Labour

contribution of half its


est car maker, plans to to reconsider the deal because it 8% 8% 8% issues Inflation covered 11,000 farmers, in- here as well, thanks to
draw on its cash reserves to buy was unfair to the company’s cluding 4,298 women and the drop in vegetable
real estate for dealers in India shareholders. 5% 5% 2,114 young people from these prices in recent weeks.
and build factories for its Japa- On Monday, mutual funds,
4% households, did not mention These two trends indicate
nese parent Suzuki Motor Corp. along with other minority share- the margin of error. that imbalances in the
in emerging markets like Latin holders, wrote a second letter to Q: Would you quit farming if you get employed in the city? Ajay Vir Jakhar, chairman of Indian economy are get-

arrangements go—even though it expects to head-to-head contest in West Bengal. Today,


America and Africa—moves that the company, saying they may Bharat Krishak Samaj, said ting less acute as excess
are likely to dismay its investors. lodge a complaint with the Com- 62% 26%
“disorganized farmers were demand pressures ease.
The company, in which the
Japanese car maker owns a
pany Law Board if Maruti does
not alter its Gujarat plan.
Ready Not ready 13% not taken seriously and their
consent for policies was taken
A growth recovery is
still not on the horizon—
to quit farming for a to quit farming Can’t say
56.2% stake, will also invest a “...the decision of the board of good job in the city despite a good job for granted. Farmers’ voice got that will require a turn in

citizens.
part of the reserves, amounting directors of MSIL to let Suzuki in the city Note: Figures may not add up to lost and both the farmers and the investment cycle and
to `7,500 crore, in mutual funds, Motor Corp. implement the Gu- 100% due to rounding off policy reforms.
debt funds and fixed maturity jarat project through a 100% Source: CSDS survey TURN TO PAGE 4®
funds, said two people familiar subsidiary of Suzuki instead of AHMED RAZA KHAN/MINT

win power once again on its own. the TMC seems keener to defend its home turf
with the development. Details of MSIL undertaking the project
the planned investments are still will over time convert MSIL into
being worked out and will be
submitted to the board in April,
a shell company. This clearly is
not in the best interest of MSIL
February trade AAP EFFECT
they said on condition of ano-
nymity.
Chairman R.C. Bhargava con-
and its shareholders and is in
fact significantly detrimental to
them,” the letter said. The Eco-
deficit narrows
to $8.1 bn, but
Who wants to write a manifesto?
firmed that the company was nomic Times reported the letter

exports contract

Over the weekend, the BJP brought the than aid an effort to unseat the BJP nationally.
considering the plans, saying: in its Tuesday edition. B Y L IZ M ATHEW, A NUJA & am trying to make it an open pected that manifestos also re-
“Yes, these are some of the op- Investors have in the past also G YAN V ARMA process. I have done many flect the rationale for promises
tions available. But the company raised questions about Maruti’s ························· such meetings with farmers, and broadly indicate the ways
board will have to take a final cash reserve of `7,500 crore, B Y R EMYA N AIR NEW DELHI youths, women and labourers.. and means to meet the finan-
call.”
Maruti is aiming to put idle
cash to use and also strengthen
which were originally meant to
be invested in the Gujarat plant.
Suzuki Motor’s management
remya.n@livemint.com
·························
NEW DELHI
I n the run-up to the 2009
general election, padyatras
or walks were the big trend
Now I thought I should know
what you want,” Gandhi told a
group of fishermen on Versova
cial requirements for it. Trust
of voters should be sought only
on those promises which are
it sales network to maintain
leadership in the Indian market,
then clarified that on account of
cheap money being available in I ndian exports fell for the
first time in eight months in
that political parties employed
to reach out to the electorate.
Beach, Mumbai, on 6 March.
And during the party’s last
possible to be fulfilled,” the EC
order said.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) of Andhra Pradesh Perhaps it is being realistic, given the ease with
in which it sells four out of 10 Japan and no major avenues ex- February although a sharp de- This time, it is the election national executive meeting in Most political parties were

MI C HE L L E OBA MA
cars. isting for investment, it was pru- cline in imports led by a fall in manifesto. Delhi in January, Bharatiya Ja- opposed to manifestos coming
These plans come on top of an dent for the Japanese car maker gold imports helped narrow Ever since the Aam Aadmi nata Party (BJP) president Ra- under the code of conduct, but
announcement in January by to invest in the Gujarat plant via the trade deficit and ease the Party (AAP) floated the idea of jnath Singh told party workers last July, the Supreme Court
Suzuki Motor that it would in- a 100% subsidiary. pressure on the external sector crowd-sourced manifestos for to speak to people from differ- directed the Election Commis-
vest `3,000 crore in a plant in The board of Maruti Suzuki and the rupee. each of the 70 constituencies ent sections of society in their sion to come up with guide-
Gujarat and sell the cars it pro- will meet on 15 March to discuss Exports fell 3.7% to $25.6 bil- that it was contesting in the constituency and prepare a lines to ensure a “level playing
duces to Maruti Suzuki. That its operational plans for the next lion in February from $26.6 bil- Delhi assembly elections, na- manifesto for each constituen- field”.
marked a significant change fiscal year. The board has sought lion in the year-ago period, tional political parties have cy. This is the first time the BJP If the need to engage with

back into the fold of the National Democratic which Modi’s party is tipped to win a Lok Sabha
from an earlier plan under from the management details dragged down by sectors such jumped onto the bandwagon, has asked its party workers to voters encouraged parties to
about the taxation structure of as petroleum, engineering and paying more attention to man- prepare a manifesto for each of democratize the process of
the contract manufacturing deal pharmaceuticals, and imports ifestos, and reaching out to a the 543 parliamentary constit- creating manifestos, then the
with Suzuki Motor, and legal fell 17% to $33.8 billion from cross-section of society for uencies in India. commission’s diktat ensures
opinions on it, which will be tak- $40.7 billion, according to data compiling them. Last month, the Election transparency.
en up at the meeting, a board released by the commerce To date, only the Dravida Commission of India (EC), the Together, the two are mak-
member said on condition of an- ministry on Tuesday. This Munnetra Kazhagam and the autonomous body that over- ing manifestos more relevant
onymity. helped narrow the trade deficit All India Anna Dravida sees polls, provided a formal than they have been in recent
Another board member, who by 42% to $8.1 billion. Munnetra Kazhagam have twist to this process when it, years.

Alliance (NDA), which it leads. How the two majority. But it also diminishes the chances of a
also spoke on condition of ano- A pick up in exports and published their manifestos, for the first time, brought man- Suhas Palshikar, co-director
curbs on gold imports helped but in the run-up to what is al- ifestos within the ambit of the of Lokniti, a research pro-
TURN TO PAGE 4® India to rein in its current ac- ready one of the most bitterly model code of conduct, effec- gramme of the Centre for the
count deficit in the previous fought elections in recent his- tively laying down guidelines Study of Developing Societies,
NOTE TO READERS two quarters of 2013-14. A
large trade deficit made the In-
tory, it is the process that mat-
ters more than the outcome.
that political parties can’t
breach.
and professor in the depart-
ment of politics and public ad-
The four­page Media Marketing dian economy vulnerable to The Congress party’s vice- The commission left no ministration at the University
Initiative with this edition is the external sector shocks and saw president and putative prime room for ambiguity in its in- of Pune, said, “Ordinarily,
equivalent of a paid­for the Indian currency touching a ministerial choice Rahul Gan- tent in its order that seeks to manifestos have had only a

parties split the 25 seats in this southern state is real battle for power at the Centre. And that’s
advertisement, and no Mint record low of almost 69 per dhi has launched a programme clamp down on impractical cosmetic value in elections.
journalists were involved in dollar in August. to incorporate what people and populist promises. Parties do not use the manifes-
creating it. Readers would do well The rupee has since stabi- want in the party’s manifesto. “In the interest of transpar- to nor do they popularize ideas
Mint is also available for R8 with to treat it as an advertisement. “So far the manifesto had ency, level playing field and
Hindustan Times in Delhi-NCR only
TURN TO PAGE 4® been made in closed rooms. I credibility of promises, it is ex- TURN TO PAGE 6®

yet to be worked out, but these details look like an ominous sign for the opposition overall.

THEIR VIEW

Mutual funds versus bank deposits: Let’s dispel myths


from 2014 to 2023. As per National Stock the banking system; otherwise, deposit 2022-23 from 8% in 2019-20. The overall deposits, the increased market participation
SOUMYA KANTI GHOSH & TAPAS PARIDA Exchange data, about 85 million unique growth would have slumped and banks CASA proportion, however, has declined of retail investors will increase the current-
investors (55 million added in the last four could have faced asset-liability mismatches. from 45.2% in 2021-22 to 40.5% in 2023-24. and-savings account deposits of banks, as it
years) from about 17% of Indian households How do we explain this link?: When a cus- The reason for this sharp recent decline is works in a cycle. Bank deposits will continue
are directly investing in the Indian stock mar- tomer buys MFs, the money mostly flows that deposits in savings bank accounts have to expand, but banks exploring variable term
ket, mostly through public issues. from the person’s savings account to the cur- flowed into time deposits, with banks having deposit rates, as is being suggested in some

T
he deposits and advances of the Indian The MF industry has ₹52.7 trillion worth rent accounts of MF distributors (and vice raised their time-deposit rates. The share of quarters, will continue to remain a huge
banking system are likely to record a of assets under management (AUM) as of end versa). Thus, it is debited time deposits in incremen- challenge, as retail investors (senior citizens
significant uptick in 2023-24. Bank January, and 150 million investor folios. On from the customer’s tal deposits has zoomed to and the like) will always prefer a steady rate
deposits are likely to end this fiscal year with an average, over 1.2 million new folios have account but stays in the The success of 93% in 2023-24 from 44% of return. That idea was experimented with
13-14% growth. However, credit growth will
outpace this and could end the year with
been added every month since April 2017. It
is expected that the MF industry’s AUM will
banking system. Even
upon the redemption of India’s mutual in 2021-22, while that of
CASA has dropped from
by State Bank of India back in 2001, but did
not find much traction.
19-20% growth. Even if we net out the
merger impact of HDFC, the story does not
cross ₹100 trillion in the next nine or 10
years. This, however, does not necessarily
MF units, the money flows
into the customer’s
fund industry 56% to 7% in the same
period. This pronounced
That product will be successful only if the
Reserve Bank of India issues guidelines to

are, respectively, group chief


change materially. This is a structural break,
as nominal GDP growth is likely to end
mean a decline in bank-deposit growth, as
some financial analysts have argued.
account from the com-
pany’s accounts. Thus,
has not been at shift towards time deposits
is not a surprise, as CASA
banks directing them to mobilize fresh
deposits only at floating rates, as with loans
economic advisor and
economist at State Bank of
2023-24 below 10%, so credit as a multiple of
nominal GDP growth will be about 2.3 times,
Firstly, if we look at the MF industry’s net
inflows/outflows, we see net inflows of ₹22
deposits shift from savings
into current accounts
the cost of bank deposits are usually meant
for transaction purposes.
linked to external benchmarks. Variable
term deposit rates could also be incentivized
India. against a 7-decade average of close to 1.5. trillion from 2013-14 till end-January of when a retail investor deposit growth If we look at the instru- through differential tax treatment (say, a
Even if the ratio moderates to about 1.5 over 2023-24, the equivalent of about 41% of the invests, and the other way ment-wise financial assets lower tax for those who choose variable term
the medium term, we will still have a short- incremental current-and-savings-account round when the investor in the country of Indian households from rates). On their own, they lack appeal.
term credit spurt. Against this backdrop, it is (CASA) deposits that banks got in the same redeems the investment. 2019-20 to 2022-23, it However, other product innovations like
imperative to understand where bank period. The AUM of MFs increased by ₹45.7 Thus, a decline in bank reveals that households are women-centric products could emerge as
deposit growth is headed. trillion from 2013-14 to 2023-24 (combined deposits is MF-agnostic. conservative and 94% of flows go towards the Indian banking sector prepares to sup-
First, let’s address a misplaced narrative: effect of inflows and increased asset values), This is borne out by other data. If we look fixed-income instruments like bank depos- port India’s quest for a $5 trillion economy.
that the financialization of savings, particu- while deposits of the banking system at incremental deposits in savings accounts, its, small savings schemes, etc, while only 6% Despite rising deposits held—and loans
larly by way of mutual funds (MFs), has been increased by around ₹137 trillion (likewise). their share in total deposits has reduced to flows to markets (equity 1.3% and MFs 4.7%). taken—by women, very few women-centric
crowding out incremental growth in bank So, the AUM of MFs expanded by around a 20% in 2022-23 from 40% in 2019-20, while These numbers may have remained at the products are available that are appropriately
deposits. As per depositories data, around 120 third of bank deposit value. This indicates incremental current account deposits in same level in 2023-24. designed to serve their needs.
million new demat accounts were opened that flows into MFs came from deposits in total deposits have increased to 10% in Coming back to the broad outlook on These are the authors’ personal views.
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LIVEMINT.COM VIEWS Tuesday, 12 March 2024
MuMbai 13

guEsT VIEW M I N T C U R AT O R

The India-EFTA trade deal: It is a Leash laws for dogs can tell us
plenty about human attitudes
win-win on various dimensions These laws vary, suggesting a case of the tail wagging the canine

Indian negotiators did well to revive stalled talks and forge an agreement that offers a wide range of benefits to all involved

AFP

StEphEn L. CaRtER
is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist and
a professor of law at Yale University.

RakESh MOhan JOShI


is a professor at Indian Institute of Foreign
Trade, New Delhi, and director of Indian
Institute of Plantation Management, Bengaluru.

P
ity America’s dog owners! As warm
weather descends, communities in
the US from California to Arizona to

O
n Sunday, India signed the India- Michigan have announced stricter America’s current trend favours tighter
EFTA Trade and Economic Part- enforcement of leash laws. I do not have a canine control ISTOCKPHOTO
nership Agreement, our first trade dog in this particular fight, but I do have an
deal with any Western nation or interest in bits of social history that tend to they protected “over 100,000 mail men
group. It was signed with the be overlooked. And a glance at the history daily subjected to this hazard”—the hazard
European Free Trade Association of leash laws tells us why they’re likely to in question being bites. A classic 1956 letter
(EFTA), which comprises Iceland, Liechtenstein, stick around: Because someone always to the San Francisco Chronicle argued that
Norway and Switzerland. It’s an innovative and comes up with a new reason why they’re leashes were necessary to shield the dogs
well-balanced pact that covers two-way trade in important. themselves against “stupid” owners who
goods and services as well as bilateral investments. Leashes have been known since ancient let them run free to be struck by cars.
Moreover, it is expected to pave the way for negoti- times, but requiring them is a more recent That era being more like ours than we
ations with other Western countries and blocs, development. A leash was traditionally a care to remember, there were also challen-
including the EU, UK and US, among others. sign distinguishing wild from domesti- ges to the constitutionality of leash laws in
The four EFTA members are not part of the EU cated dogs. George Vest’s 1870 Eulogy of the the US. They failed.
and this inter-governmental organization was set Dog— often cited, inaccurately, as the ori- In recent decades, support has come
up to promote and intensify trade. India has been gin of the cliché that dog is man’s best from environmentalists, who argue that
negotiating a trade deal with this group since friend—was actually delivered in court, unleashed dogs disrupt the habitats of
January 2008, but talks gained momentum only where Vest was arguing on behalf of a wildlife, introduce canine-spread diseases,
over the past year. farmer whose unleashed hunter, Old and kill other animals—particularly their
There is a broader global context to it. As little Drum, had been shot dead by a neighbour young. Is this argument correct? There’s
progress has been witnessed at the World Trade who feared the animal was a stray about to some evidence that leash laws make little
Organization (WTO), a multilateral forum, many prey on his livestock. (Attacks on livestock difference in the degree of biodiversity, but
countries around the world are rushing to forge by stray dogs still happen.) most studies find quite the opposite.
free trade agreements (FTAs) to suit their require- Leash laws became common in the US Perhaps the difficulty in pinning down a
ments. The Narendra Modi government of India, not to protect animals, but to protect peo- clearer answer is because the laws are
on its part, has been working on ties with the EU, ple. An 1891 article in The Lancet urged that widely ignored. A 2017 study of a lakeside
UK and US, apart from Canada, Qatar, the UAE, unleashed dogs be captured, and, if not recreation area found a compliance rate of
Australia, Mauritius and others. Given the current tiators have been very cautious in their negotia- engineering and chemicals. Investments could claimed, killed to reduce the spread of just 16%. A 2019 study of a regulated beach
uncertainty over striking deals with the EU and tions. They were aware that duty elimination may also come from retirement and pension funds in rabies, which at the time was rampant. A (in Australia) concluded from the area dogs
UK, despite all the optimism, Sunday’s deal lead to an even wider trade deficit. The deal struck EFTA countries, including Norway’s $1.6 trillion 1903 report from Colorado Agricultural covered and the speeds at which they
assumes special significance. Indian negotiators is expected to provide duty-free EFTA market sovereign wealth fund. Unlike the efforts under- College noted despairingly that the disease moved that few were under the control of
deserve praise for their relentless efforts to revive access to Indian animal products, fish, processed way on the UK and EU trade deals, under which had been “positively proven” in about half their owners.
talks that had stalled for years in the face of various foods and vegetable oils, among other items. bilateral investment treaties are being negotiated the states “and probably exists in all.” Support for leash laws may depend on
complexities and divergent geopolitical interests. Should the merchandise gap widen, it will need to as integral parts of the agreements, investment Reformers demanded mandates, but just whose territory is being fouled. A 2023
And for India to play an active role in global supply be compensated for by increased access to EFTA’s commitments under the India-EFTA pact are part while town councils dithered, judges found study of an Oregon recreation area found
chains in a fast-changing world, international services market. Apart from the trade aspect, India of ‘investment promotion,’ which means they may ways to encourage leashes. In 1904, for that visitors who lived nearby were much
alliances are crucial. can also look forward to investments and technol- not be legally binding. All the same, we can expect instance, a New York court ruled that tak- more supportive of leash laws than visitors
India-EFTA trade dynamics: India has consist- ogy transfers in high-tech sectors. significant inflows. ing an unleashed dog home and treating it from further away.
ently had a trade deficit with EFTA countries; it India-EFTA economic partnership: The agree- As for what EFTA countries can look forward to, as your own was not larceny; the fault And a lot of people just don’t like dogs.
peaked at $23.7 billion in 2021-22, and then ment’s balance comes from innovative measures their businesses in search of alternatives to China rested upon the owner, who should not Judge Richard Posner, in a famous exam-
declined to $14.8 billion in 2022-23 before it again across the agreement’s 14 chapters, which range for a manufacturing location would be able to have let Fido roam. And even in the ple of how easy it is to tell a lie, imagines a
widened to $15.6 billion in April-December 2023. from trade in goods and services and investment count on India. Apart from that, the deal opens up absence of formal requirements, the courts chance encounter with an acquaintance
Switzerland is India’s largest trade partner among promotion and cooperation to trade facilitation, avenues for EFTA firms to penetrate the domestic routinely took the side of people injured by whom he then compliments on his new
the group’s four members. India’s imports from intellectual property rights, government procure- market of the world’s fastest growing major econ- dogs running free of their owners. dog, even though it’s “a little yappy thing”
Switzerland during January-December 2023 stood ment and technical barriers. omy, home to more than 1.4 billion people. Though I have found no data on the pre- that he secretly finds “hideous.” Many a
at almost $14 billion, vis-à-vis Indian exports of The India-EFTA trade deal is likely to unleash With a worldwide edge in innovation and cise prevalence of leash laws, it is clear that dog owner, on the other hand, prefers what
$877 million, resulting in a deficit of over $13.1 bil- opportunities not only in trade and investment, research and development (R&D) across diverse during the first third of the 20th century, an anti-leash Canadian legislator back in
lion. Gold, with imports of about $13 billion, is the but also for forging strategic partnerships with spheres—from digital trade, pharmaceuticals, the rabies panic caused them to spread rap- 1916 called “the privilege of taking a stroll
single largest imported item from that country. some of the world’s most tech-savvy countries that bio-technology, food processing and chemicals to idly. As fear of the disease faded, many of and have his dog with him if he likes with-
However, a large proportion of this gold goes into score very low on corruption and very high on financial and banking services, high-tech farming, communities began to consider repeal. But out any other formality.”
jewellery product that finds their way into interna- people’s quality of life. We could collaborate in a supply-chain logistics and green energy—EFTA government decrees take on lives of their As for the annual spring crackdown, it’s
tional markets from India. Major Indian exports to range of high-tech fields, including IT research, as countries could help India integrate cutting-edge own, and supporters began developing generally a bad idea to have laws that are all
EFTA countries include chemicals and semi-pre- India seeks to achieve self-reliance. In the context technological advancements in its manufacturing, new arguments to keep the mandates on bark and no bite. But whether you love
cious stones, ships and boats, pharmaceuticals and of New Delhi’s policy resolve to ‘Make in India,’ agriculture and service sectors for the eventual the books. leash laws or hate them, I wonder whether
electronic instruments. such tech collaborations are expected to witness benefit of the country’s economy. Letters to the editor warned of canine we’re fighting over the environment or the
Since EFTA’s share in India’s total exports has significant synergies and investments. The India-EFTA trade deal is thus likely to pave threats to backyard gardens and other dogs themselves. Depending on the
been a tiny 0.4%, whereas imports from the four As a part of ‘investment promotion’, investments the way for major opportunities not only in trade household pets. The July 1946 issue of answer, one might just say that the contre-
countries account for 2.4% of our import pie (down worth $100 billion are anticipated over time, much and investment, but also in the sphere of strategic Safety Bulletin (a federal newsletter) temps is a case of the tail wagging the...
from 5.5% during the previous year), Indian nego- of it in sectors such as food processing, pharma, international partnerships, making it a win-win. defended leash laws on the ground that well, you know. ©BLOOMBERG

MY VIEW | a VIsIBLe HaND

Chinese EV dominance is clear but should we worry?


model. BYD uses lithium-iron phosphate sidies are necessary to offset the ‘unpaid’ lead in lithium technology also grants both is still in its infancy. So too India’s market for
NARAYAN RAMACHANDRAN technology for its batteries, rather than the carbon cost imposed by hydrocarbon vehi- time and cost advantages. And China’s large larger commercial EVs. Approximately
nickel manganese cobalt kind initially cho- cles. The rest of the world views these subsi- home market allows for significant econo- 400,000 passenger cars are sold each
sen by many Western EV manufacturers. dies as a way to ‘dump’ Chinese EVs in their mies of scale in production. This combina- month in the country. Of this, about 8,000
Except for some high-end performance EVs, markets. The European Commission has tion keeps the cost and quality of Chinese are E4Ws (just 2%). Tata Motors, led by its
most manufacturers are now switching to begun an anti-subsidy investigation of Chi- EVs difficult to beat. model Nexon, has an estimated 65% share of

C
hina dominates the global electric lithium, where BYD holds a commanding nese EVs. American President Joe Biden From a standing start, India has made dra- our E4W market. MG Motors, owned by
vehicle (EV) industry today, and it is lead in experience and expertise. ordered the US commerce matic strides in two- Chinese automaker SAIC, is a distant second
only likely to get more dominant in China’s EV industry has a storied past. EV department to probe any wheeler and three-wheeler with a 15% market share. Electric-bus sales
the future. Chinese dominance spans manu- technology was introduced as a priority sci- potential national security Western auto EVs. Commercial 3-wheel account for about 4% of overall buses sold.
facturing, batteries, supply chains and ence project in its 2001 Five-Year Plan. In threat posed by Chinese- EVs (E3Ws), for instance, Given a dramatic increase in municipal
demand. Today 60% of all EVs sold in the 2007, Wan Gang, an automobile engineer made “connected electric makers seem are already at about 25% of orders, the electric bus segment is poised to
world are in China. Nearly 40% of new car who had worked at Audi in Germany for a vehicles.” new sales. However, this grow. JBM Auto and Tata Motors dominate
sales in China are now EVs. And more than decade, became its minister of science and And so, even as China
rattled but the E3W trend masks the fact this segment.

is chairman, InKlude Labs. Read


half the world’s EV batteries are made in the
People’s Republic. The US is a distant sec-
technology. Wan is credited with China’s
decision to go big on EVs. Between 2009
dominates the global EV
industry, we can expect an
Indian market that most sales are still of
the earlier e-rickshaw stan-
Even though BYD has entered the Indian
market with two models with a very long-
Narayan’s Mint columns at
www.livemint.com/
ond with about 15% of the world’s market.
During the last quarter of 2023, BYD, the
and 2022, the Chinese government handed
out subsidies of about $29 billion, spanning
increase in frictions associ-
ated with world trade in
is still in play dard, rather than the mod-
ern L5 standard. Mahindra
range, Chinese E4Ws and e-buses do not
pose an immediate threat to Indian players.
avisiblehand largest Chinese player (and a maker of both the entire EV chain from upstream battery EVs. Unlike the battle for for domestic EV and Piaggio dominate the Last year, the Indian government rejected a
batteries and EVs), overtook Tesla in global technology and electric motor and drive advanced semiconductor L5 E3W market. In 2023, proposal by BYD to build a $1 billion plant
EV sales, selling 526,000 battery-only vehi- components to downstream demand. China chips and other critical manufacturers 2-wheel EVs (E2Ws) con- with a local partner. Given the cost and
cles (BEV). For the whole year, Shenzhen- says that all central subsidies were phased technologies, this appears stituted 56% of the total 1.5 material advantage of lithium batteries,
based BYD sold 3 million ‘new energy vehi- out by the end of 2022, though state and to be an old-fashioned million EVs sold in India. India has leapfrogged to this power-pack
cles,’ which include BEVs and plug-in local governments remain free to offer sub- trade battle between the West and China, Ola Electric and TVS Motor are leaders in technology; several factories have begun
hybrids (PHEVs). The brand-name BYD is sidies for customer adoption. where upstarts have upstaged incumbents India’s E2W market. In general, it seems production. Time, though, will tell if quality
inspired by the slogan ‘Build Your Dreams’ From China’s point of view, the sequen- from US, Japan and Germany. The produc- likely that market forces combined with and scale advantages elude India—in which
and its buses and taxis operate in cities as cing of subsidies has resulted in significant tion cycle for a new model from Chinese government encouragement will take care case, the Chinese threat will become real.
diverse as London, Santiago, Helsinki, Hong adoption of carbon-free modes of transport, manufacturers like BYD, Nio and XPeng is of the E2W and commercial E3W segments P.S: “The present is theirs, the future, for
Kong and Mexico City. BYD now sells 10 keeping it well on track to meet its 2030 tar- 36 months, a full 12 months shorter than and their evolution. India’s market for which I really worked, is mine,” said inventor
models cheaper than the entry-level Tesla 3 gets. According to China, demand-side sub- most Western manufacturers. The Chinese E4Ws, comprising passenger cars and taxis, Nikola Tesla.
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EDIT INDORE | TUESDAY | MARCH 12, 2024
THOUGHT FOR THE DAY: If more of us valued food and
cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a
merrier world.
— J.R.R. TOLKIEN

FREE PRESS
FOR FREE FLOW OF TRUTH
In order to survive, India must shun hate
inspector Manoj Kumar Tomar tween the Hindu religion and Hin- organise for their protection. As a fi- ernment, there is no stopping them,
State of kicked Muslims while they were of- dutva. In their opinion Hindu reli- nal result of the poison, the country rather hatred against the Muslims

Will the South the Union


fering namaz on the road adjacent to
the mosque, he became an instant
hero on social media and thousands
stood by him. The only solace is that
gion is peaceful and tolerant but Hin-
dutva as an ideology is the reason for
the intolerance around. Their scepti-
cism is not misplaced either.
had to suffer the sacrifice of the valu-
able life of Gandhiji … the opposition
turned more severe, when the RSS
men expressed joy and distributed
has got legitimacy. Friendly media
has played a huge role in this.
Earlier, communalism was a bad
word, it was an abuse and secularism
push help BJP? ÷Ashutosh the state still has some shame that it
immediately took cognisance of the
matter and suspended him and initi-
Hindutva is not Hindu religion as a
section of society
misunderstood. These two are two
has
sweets after Gandhi's death.” Those
who are familiar with Golwalkar,
know what he has written in his
was a defining creed, but now the ta-
bles have turned and secularism is a
cuss word; in the last ten years secu-

T
he Narendra Modi government’s stated aim of se-

S
ecularism in India is almost ated an inquiry against Tomar. Like vastly different entities. Hindu reli- book, We or Our Nationhood De- larism has been discredited to no
curing more than 370 seats for the BJP and 400-plus dead. One has to be delusional Tomar, Chetan Sharma who killed gion is a way of life; it is all inclusive fined: “The foreign races in Hin- end. And it is no longer fashionable
seats for the NDA in the upcoming general election or ideologically blind to not see three Muslims in a train was also and it celebrates unity in diversity; it dusthan must either adopt the Hindu even among the liberal elite to call
the writing on the wall. For all prac- hailed as a hero by such individuals. is neither rigid nor aggressive. Hin- culture and language, must learn to themselves secular. Hate-mongering
has given an added momentum to its southern push, as it
tical purposes, it exists only in A few years back when one Sambhu- dutva is an ideology which uses Hin- respect and hold in reverence Hindu has the state’s patronage. Those who
has neared saturation point in the northern belt. It is deter- theory and in the pages of the consti- lal Regar, who hacked and burnt a du religion for its political ambition. religion, must entertain no idea but call for genocide of the Muslims are
mined to open its account in Kerala and make inroads in tution. Secularism, as an idea, was Muslim migrant worker, was to be It is hegemonic in nature and ex- those of the glorification of the called patriots, and law enforcing
Tamil Nadu. In this context it is also striking new alliances the defining principle of modern In- produced in court in Udaipur, the po- cludes other religions. It thrives on Hindu nation and must lose their agencies take no action unless prod-
in the south to enlarge the NDA family. The five states dia in which every religion, irrespec- lice could not do so for two hours as hatred against Muslims. Sardar Pa- separate existence to merge the Hin- ded by the courts.
tive of the numbers of the followers, thousands of Hindus surrounded the In this context, I don’t blame
south of the Vindhyas — Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kar- was accorded equality before the law court in his support and hoisted the The problem lies with the creators of the ideological Tomar, Chetan and Regar for what
nataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala — and the Union territory and equal respect and the state was saffron flag atop the court. they did. They are the victims of the
of Puducherry together contribute 130 Lok Sabha seats. not supposed to either adhere to or There is no doubt that in the past
universe in which hate-mongering has become a noble ideological echo system that they in-
Traditionally, the Congress and regional parties have held project one religion, but it was to be India has witnessed horrible com- profession, part of the nation-building process habit. They are the patients who need
religion-neutral. That does not mean munal riots between Hindus and treatment. The problem lies with the
sway in these states. In Kerala, the Left Democratic Front
that those who were holding high Muslims in which hundreds of men creators of the ideological universe
led by the CPI-M and the United Democratic Front led by constitutional positions were de- and women were killed but these tel, the great freedom fighter who du race, or may stay in the country in which hate-mongering has become
the Congress have alternated in the power stakes. Barring barred from pursuing their religion. were a local phenomenon; away was the deputy prime minister and wholly subordinated to the Hindu a noble profession, part of the nation-
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, the BJP has failed to But they were expected to keep it pri- from that area, Hindus and Muslims home minister when Gandhi was Nation, claiming nothing, deserving building process. Unless that process
achieve electoral success in any of the southern states vate, and their faith was not to show lived with each other in harmony, killed by Nathuram Godse, a Hindut- no privileges, far less any preferen- is delegitimised, unless the bubble of
any bias or ill will against other reli- without any bitterness or hatred. To- vavadi, has written explicitly about tial treatment, not even citizens’ the false consciousness is burst, such
where it has largely been perceived as a north Indian party gions. The state was not discrimina- day communal riots have become this in his letter to RSS chief M S Gol- rights.” incidents will keep happening. My
that cannot relate to the southern ethos. It is this perception tory; law enforcing agencies were ex- fewer but hatred between the com- walkar, dated September 11, 1948. He This clearly establishes that in the worry is that if this process is not
that the saffron party is determined to change. Ahead of the pected to treat every citizen, irre- munities has acquired a monstrous says, “There can be no doubt that the RSS ideological scheme of things stopped soon, the country is headed
consecration ceremony of the Ram temple in Ayodhya, spective of the religion they pursued proportion. Today, the minority, es- RSS did service to the Hindu society Muslims have no place. They are for a ‘historical accident’ which will
in their lives equally but in the last pecially Muslims, are living in fear ... but the objectionable part arose treated as foreigners, outsiders and prove to be disastrous for it. India, as
Prime Minister Narendra Modi went from temple to
few years that line has blurred. and the perception is growing every when they, burning with revenge, should live in India like second-class a nation, has thrived in diversity,
temple in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telan- The state has not only become dis- day that government and law enforc- began attacking Mussalmans. Or- citizens. Golwalkar went to the pluralism is its DNA. The attempt to
gana as part of the 11-day rituals preceding the event. It was criminatory, but it has also visibly ing agencies are discriminatory and ganising Hindus and helping them is extent of calling Muslims ‘internal turn the civilisational stream in the
clearly aimed at wooing the electorate in these states. aligned with the Hindu religion. equality for all before the law has one thing but going in for revenge for enemies’ and saying that they should opposite direction is flawed with dan-
The saffron party secured 26 of the 28 seats in Karnataka Spewing venom against other reli- vanished. In fact, Muslim intellectu- its sufferings on innocent and help- be dealt with accordingly. However, gerous tendencies. If it must survive,
gions has become the new normal in als and their leaders admit in private less men, women and children is RSS in later years had distanced it has no other option but to go back
in the 2019 Lok Sabha election but was subsequently defeat- India, demonisation of minority that they have been made second quite another thing.” itself from Golwalkar’s Muslim to its roots, in which hate has no
ed by the Congress in the 2023 Assembly election. However, communities has turned into an art class citizens already and don’t see In the same letter Patel went to the thesis and withdrew those chapters place and hate-mongering has no
Karnataka is one state where the electorate votes form. The media, which was the bas- any hope in the near future. Their extent of blaming RSS, indirectly, for from his book Bunch of Thoughts civilisational sanction.
differently for parliamentary and state polls and the BJP is tion standing tall against the rising anger is not against Hindus at large; Gandhi’s death. He wrote, “All their which are considered to be anti-Mus-
banking on that. The saffron party is well entrenched in tide of communalism, has crumbled they blame the present dispensation speeches were full of communal poi- lim and anti-Christian. But that The writer is Editor, SatyaHindi.com,
royally and there seems no shame in and followers of Hindutva ideology. son. It was not necessary to spread thought process is continuing unhin- and author of Hindu Rashtra. He
coastal Karnataka where the RSS has been hard at work on becoming so. No wonder when sub- They make a clear distinction be- poison and enthuse the Hindus and dered. Since, now they are in the gov- tweets at @ashutosh83B
its Hindutva laboratory for several years now. It has also
tied up with HD Deve Gowda’s Janata Dal Secular in its bid
to retain its vote and seat share in the state. Fairly
confident of its performance in Karnataka, the BJP is now
focusing on Kerala and Tamil Nadu where it has so far
failed to achieve any success. Modi’s frequent trips to these
Closing of the mind, the new model in higher edu
two states and the slew of project announcements signal strongly objected to the way in which among its faculty and its law school is new model of governance at IHEs through its ability to encourage, sus-
the saffron party’s intent. In Kerala, it has managed to rope
in the offspring of two former Congress chief ministers, A
Learning the GNLU acted on the incidents. It
called the university’s actions an
ranked among the top 100 in the
world.
where the administration of these in-
stitutions is at war with its own stu-
tain and defend the fundamental
right of its students and faculty to test

K Antony and K Karunakaran, Anil Antony and Padmaja Curve “eyewash” and found the registrar’s
stance as being an over-anxious
On February 1, the Indian Institute
of Technology, Bombay, suddenly
dents and faculty. In fact, the admin-
istration is keen to ensure that any
ideas — all ideas — through debate,
discussion, experiment and dissent
Venugopal respectively. They have both been given tickets effort to hush up the whole matter.) cancelled its own institute’s lecture challenge to the dominant political in its classes, seminars and the cam-
to contest the Lok Sabha elections. Even if they fail to win, ÷ Vrijendra The court noted that from the be- on “the crisis within: on knowledge and social narratives is dealt with pus. In fact, a good modern campus is
ginning the university administra- and education in India” by eminent swiftly and harshly. It is a model of the place where one has the right to
the optics surrounding their induction in the BJP has suc- tion adopted “an adversarial ap- scholar and retired Professor G N governance that is keen to ensure be wrong, and has the right to offend;
ceeded in highlighting problems in the Congress. Two

O
n February 28, the Gujarat proach. That was the scariest part of Devy. The email sent by the adminis- that students and the faculty confirm where the academic space is sacro-
Union ministers, Rajeev Chandrashekhar and V Muralid- High Court slammed the Gu- this report”. Further, the court said, tration mentioned that the lecture to the dictates of the powers-that-be sanct and free, to ensure that within
haran, are also being fielded, the former against the high- jarat National Law “all these lectures, talks, seminars has been cancelled “owing to unfore- and meekly comply with whatever it, the inequities of the world can be
University (GNLU). The court was everything goes to rubbish. It has no seen circumstances”. After the can- regulations and restrictions the ad- exposed and challenged. The univer-
profile Shashi Tharoor in Thiruvananthapuram. The BJP
reacting to the report submitted to it meaning at all”. The court criticised cellation, Professor Devy said, “It is ministration deems fit to arbitrarily sity is a place of learning, of opening
is almost certain to open its account in Kerala, perhaps in — in a sealed cover, a week before — GNLU for treating students’ social difficult for me to understand the mo- impose from time to time. up, of exploring different, unfamiliar
Thrissur where actor Suresh Gopi is in the fray. by a fact-finding team, chaired by the media post regarding their griev- ideas and identities (including sexual
In neighbouring Tamil Nadu, the BJP faces a formidable retired justice, Harsha Devyani. The ances as an offence because it would This model of governance undermines the very identities): free from fear of punish-
rival in the DMK-led alliance that includes the Congress report revealed the “involvement of tarnish university’s image. ment and censure and where the fac-
GNLU administration, suppression In February this year, OP Jindal foundations of a constitutional democracy and the core ulty are the guiding lights to facilitate
and the Left. With the AIADMK having severed ties with
the saffron party, it is now trying to stitch up alliances with
of the whole incident...and… inci-
dents of rape, molestation, discrimi-
Global university, a prestigious pri-
vate university claiming to
principles of a modern university and encourage such explorations and
questioning.
O Paneerselvam and the Dhinakaran faction of the nation, homophobia, favouritism, champion liberal values, took action If all this were to change and if the
AIADMK. The BJP in Tamil Nadu is led by the young, dy- suppression of voices, lack of exis- against two students for “putting up IHEs were required to be simply sub-
tence of internal complaints commit- posters and engaging in conversa- tivation behind calling off the lec- Clearly, those imposing this model servient to the powers-that-be, then it
namic former IPS officer K Annamalai who has created
tee (ICC), lack of information to the tion” that involved “derogatory and ture.” of governance on IHEs strongly be- is safe to say that the very idea of a
quite a buzz. It remains to be seen whether his popularity students about the ICC… and the reg- provocative” words regarding the These three incidents at prominent lieve that order and discipline in an modern university in the country
will translate into votes. The Sanatana Dharma controver- istrar is filing an affidavit….that Ram temple in Ayodhya. Reportedly, and prestigious institutions of higher institution can only be maintained would collapse. Instead, it would sug-
sy involving Udayanidhi Stalin, son of Chief Minister M K nothing happened…close the pro- the discussion was critical of the pol- education (IHEs) in the country, in through fear and punishment where gest a “closing of the mind” in IHEs,
Stalin, has created no resonance in the state even if it has ceeding. He dared to say this in the itics surrounding the consecration. one month alone, are sadly not isolat- the grounds of discipline are forever where the status quo is not to be dis-
court when the court was seized of The students were first suspended for ed incidents. They fit a pattern in re- shifting and nobody is sure what to turbed, where the dominant narra-
caused problems to other members of the I.N.D.I.A bloc in the matter. How will these people a semester and then “evicted” from cent years in IHEs where, whenever say and what not to say to whom and tives are beyond question and where
northern India. In Andhra Pradesh, the pact with Chan- protect the children?” campus housing. The university’s teachers and students have been crit- when. obedience and conformity are prized
drababu Naidu’s Telugu Desam Party and actor Pawan (In September 2023, students of student disciplinary committee justi- ical of powers that be, they have been Alas, for many, this model of gover- above all: it would subvert the very
Kalyan’s Jana Sena has boosted the NDA’s chances in the GNLU posted on social media alleged fied the punishment on the ground arrested and harassed; discussions nance undermines the very founda- idea of higher education!
incidents of sexual harassment and that it was a “serious violation of the have been stalled; film screenings tions of a constitutional democracy
state. Jagan Reddy’s YSRCP, while not joining the NDA
discrimination. The Gujarat high student code of conduct”. have been cancelled; visas for foreign and the core principles of a modern Vrijendra taught in a Mumbai college
umbrella, has never gone against the Central government. court took suo moto cognisance of Ironically, Jindal university is an scholars have not been issued or university. The fact is that, with all for more than 30 years and has been
So it is win win for the BJP there. The saffron party cannot these incidents, reported in local “institution of eminence”. It boasts of have been cancelled. They point to a its flaws and contradictions, a mod- associated with democratic rights
be written off in Telangana either, where the Congress newspapers. The court had earlier retired judges of the Supreme Court disturbing and alarming reality: a ern university at its core is defined groups in the city
routed the BRS in the Assembly election. The southern
Who is responsible?
states, which are economically more prosperous than their
northern and eastern counterparts, have achieved remark- Depend upon the LETTERS clinging even to archaic Indian Telegraph

able progress in population stability as well. This will ad-


Lord alone! TO THE EDITOR M umbai is the financial capital of the
country, and lakhs of women travel by
local train for work. In such a situation it is
Act of 1885 of Raj vintage. These have
been invoked far beyond necessity and
often social activists and journalists are
versely impact them during the process of delimitation re-
ducing the number of seats in the southern states. Till then, — Dada J P Vaswani Limit election shameful that the hygiene facilities for charged even with sedition. This, when the
women are so pathetic (FPJ ‘Right to pee’ right to free speech is guaranteed under
the BJP is going all out to woo these states and debunk the campaign spending campaign, Mar 11). Are women not paying the Constitution. System misuse is lethal to
narrative of a North-South divide. In the process it hopes to
reach its 370+ target.
A
s we proceed on the
pathways of life, we
face different types
accord — even as the flower
drops when the fruit is born.
The one lesson we all need
A s the Lok Sabha election is fast
approaching, spending money for
election campaigns by political parties
tax and contributing to the economy? Who
is responsible for this state?
Dattaprasad Shirodkar
polity and the common man ultimately
pays the price. Quite a few have been
victims in championing the right to free
INDIA 75 YEARS AGO of weather — stormy and to learn is — utter depend- assumes importance. Limiting election speech, the sap that ever nurtures the spirit
FPJ Archives smooth, wild and mild. ence upon God. Everything campaign spending has long been a key II of men, society and nations.
MARCH 12, 1949 As our spiritual life un- else will follow. priority of the Election Commission of India. R Narayanan
folds, we pass through some
trying experiences. We have
to face difficulty and danger,
We must learn to turn to
God for every little thing we
need — until, one blessed
Most political parties, other than the BJP,
have agreed to it in principle following an
all-party meeting in August 2016, and a
T he FPJ campaign is a eye-opener. The
public toilets or Sulabh Shauchalyas are
rarely clean, though women have to pay to
Strange bedfellows
ignominy and insult.
Not unoften, we feel dis-
tressed and distraught —
day, we find that we need
nothing; our one and only
need is God!
draft reform has also been sent to the law
ministry on this. The idea behind the move
is to ensure that smaller and regional
use them. Why can’t the government
assume the burden of these public toilets
and make them easily affordable for
T he report ‘Sharad, Ajit Pawar share dais
at job fair’ (Mar 3) only shows that
politicians make strange bedfellows, even if
completely frustrated in When this happens, all parties get a fair chance when campaigning women? The right to clean and safe toilets temporary. In the current case it seems that
mind and heart. that we need is provided for for elections and to limit the role played by is a primary need and being deprived of it members of both the ruling and opposition
Such experiences — naturally, sponta- wealth in determining electoral outcomes. leads to many health hazards for women. parties are figuring out mutual benefits
are not without a pur- neously, always at In fact, data submitted by the Association Maya Bhatkar from the current issues facing the people,
pose. They teach us the right time. of Democratic Reforms (ADR) shows a trying to learn from each other and
to turn to God, to de-
pend upon Him for
Before we need a
thing, it is already
significant wealth gap between the ruling
BJP and the Opposition parties, and such a
Interpreters of dissent perhaps even meet up with old friends.
Peter Castellino
everything.
“Thou alone
art, O Lord! I
GUIDING LIGHT there. Believe
in God!
When man
scenario doesn’t augur well for the conduct
of a fair election. Unlimited spending, for
both lobbying and campaign financing, has
T he apex court has upheld the right of a
citizen to criticise their government. It is
never too late for any government to
Dear reader,
We are eager to know your opinions, comments and
suggestions. Write to editor.indore@fpj.co.in Using snail
am naught! I am weak. Be surrenders himself to God, only served to empower the already acquire wisdom. Allergy of the mail? Send your letters to Free Press, Free Press House, 3/54,
Thou my strength!” He takes upon Himself his financially powerful BJP. governments of the day to alternate Press Complex, AB Road, Indore 452008
Calling upon God for help entire responsibility. Ranganathan Sivakumar opinion has largely been instrumental in
in times of trial and tribula- All we need to do is to hand
tion may appear to some to ourselves over, in childlike MIKA’S MATRIX
be a very selfish act. trust, to the Lord. And the LORD GANESH
But all our acts, in the be- Angels of God will go ahead MESSAGE FOR THE DAY
ginning, have to be selfish — of us to clear the way.
until we learn to become Therefore, pray each day, A day of success accompanied by
“spectators” and watch the “So bless me, Lord! That I stress, financial management and
drama of life unfold itself on may learn the one only les- planning. Ask for help and delegate
the stage of time. son I need to learn — utter your work.
If to rely upon God is to be dependence on Thee!” Stress is affecting your health and
selfish, it is far better to be mental well being, take help to address
India Indicts Holland “selfish” than to be “egois-
tic” and rely upon our own
Dada J P Vaswani is a
humanitarian, philosopher,
it. Take care of your back, stomach and
head. Paperwork & Bank transactions
Lake Success, March 11. TIndia charged in the Security Council limited powers. educator, acclaimed writer, will be of focus. Let go of need to
tonight that Holland "has now made it quite clear" that she is not This “selfishness” is a nec- powerful orator, messiah of control people and situation.
prepared to restore the Indonesian Republican Government in essary step in our spiritual ahimsa, and non-sectarian
Jogjakarta. evolution and will, at the spiritual leader Tip for the day: Listen to Ganpati Atharvashirsham.
Mr. Benegal Rama Rau, Indian Ambassador to the United States, right time, drop of its own Lots of divine miracles your way, Sheetal Sapan Mhatre.
opened the Council's resumed debate in Indonesia.
6 statistically speaking the daily guardian review
tue s day | 12 marc h 2024
new delhi

Divergent estimates shed light on global growth slowdown


TDG NETWORK designed to capture time-
NEW DELHI series variation, while the
others rely on more en-

T
he global economy during drivers of potential
faced challenges even growth.
before the COVID-19 Fifthly, estimates derived
pandemic and the Russian from various multivari-
Federation’s invasion of ate and univariate filters
Ukraine, experiencing a de- demonstrate high correla-
cade of slowing growth. The tions, with a median within-
pandemic-induced global country correlation coeffi-
recession in 2020 exacer- cient exceeding 85 per cent.
bated this slowdown, and However, these estimates
the invasion of Ukraine in only exhibit moderate cor-
February 2022 added fur- relations with estimates
ther complications. from the production func-
These adverse events not tion approach and analysts’
only led to a decline in ac- forecasts.
tual global output growth Key findings Likewise, production
but also had a dampening Trend decline in potential growth: Be- cessions generally had somewhat more function-based and fore-
effect on potential growth tween 2011 and 2021, there was a globally pronounced impacts on potential growth cast-based estimates display
– the rate of increase in po- widespread decrease in potential growth compared to other adverse events. Banking only moderate correlations
tential output, which repre- compared to the period from 2000 to 2010. crises, in particular, were linked to initially with each other, while esti-
sents the level of output an This decline is evident in all estimates of po- larger drops in potential growth, reaching mates from the two sources
economy could sustain at tential growth for major country groups, a peak decline of 1.8 percentage points after of growth forecasts used in
full capacity utilization and including advanced economies and Emerg- two years, primarily due to a sharp decrease this chapter demonstrate a
full employment. ing Market and Developing Economies in investment. However, these declines high correlation with each
This decline in poten- (EMDEs). Utilizing the production func- tended to reverse quickly, with potential other.
tial growth has significant tion approach, the global potential growth growth falling only 1.2 percentage points In conclusion, as antici-
implications for various decreased from 3.5 per cent annually in after five years. Epidemics were associated pated, estimates of potential
macroeconomic and devel- 2000-10 to 2.6 per cent annually in 2011-21. with more moderate yet still statistically sig- growth based on filters de-
opment outcomes, impact- Advanced economies experienced a decline nificant short- and medium-term decreases rived from the unobserved-
ing improvements in living to 1.4 per cent annually in 2011-21, mark- in potential growth. components model exhibit
standards and efforts to- ing a 0.8 percentage point drop from their Adverse effects through multiple chan- the closest tracking of actual
wards poverty reduction. 2000-10 average. EMDE potential growth nels: Recessions impacted potential growth growth, boasting an aver-
also decreased from 6.0 per cent annually in through various channels. Approximately age correlation coefficient
Comparison of differ- 2000-10 to 5.0 per cent annually in 2011-21. four to five years after an average recession, of 0.95 across the country
ent measures of potential estimates derived from fore- ited narrower confidence the highest variances. In Persistent impact of recessions on po- the annual growth rates of investment, sample.
growth casts ranked as the highest bands compared to those contrast, estimates based tential growth: Even five years after reces- employment, and productivity were still Following closely are es-
The estimated rates of among the nine measures in based on univariate filters. on the production function sions, there was, on average, a correlation significantly lower compared to “normal” timates based on the multi-
potential growth result- over half of the country-year This distinction is likely at- approach consistently have with a reduction of about 1.4 percentage years (with declines of 3 percentage points, variate filter and other uni-
ing from the application pairs. Conversely, univariate tributed to the inclusion of the lowest variances. points in potential growth. Although the 0.7 percentage points, and 0.7 percentage variate filters. As expected,
of these methods differed filters consistently generat- additional demand pres- Fourthly, univariate filter- extent of the estimated decrease in poten- points, respectively). the production function
in their levels and evolu- ed the lowest estimates. This sure indicators in multi- based estimates exhibit the tial growth five years post-recession varied Different features of estimates of poten- approach, constructed from
tions over time. This section pattern held at the country variate filters, enhancing least persistence, particu- based on the measure used (ranging from tial growth: The extensive database enables slow-moving variables, di-
briefly explores these differ- level as well, with forecast- the accuracy of output gap larly in the case of advanced 0.2 to 1.4 percentage points), it consistently comparisons among various measures of verges more from actual
ences. based measures of potential identification. economies, whereas esti- showed a statistically significant negative potential growth. Forecast-based estimates growth, showing a correla-
Firstly, variations in esti- growth generally being the Thirdly, estimates of po- mates derived from fore- trend. In EMDEs, potential growth re- consistently exhibit higher values com- tion of 0.45.
mates of potential growth highest, while measures tential growth at the global, casts and the production mained, on average, 1.6 percentage points pared to other estimates, while estimates The correlation is even
were more pronounced for from univariate filters tend- advanced-economy, and function approach display lower five years after the recession, while derived from univariate filtering techniques lower for forecast-based
advanced economies than ed to be the lowest, particu- Emerging Market and De- the highest persistence in advanced economies, the decrease was consistently show lower values. Estimates measures of potential
for Emerging Market and larly in the last decade. veloping Economy (EMDE) across all country groups. 1.3 percentage points. relying on filtering techniques are generally growth, as they typically
Developing Economies Secondly, estimates of levels, derived from both These findings align with Larger impact of recessions than other more volatile and closely align with actual change only when forecast-
(EMDEs). Throughout potential growth based on univariate and multivari- intuition, as filter-based adverse events on potential growth: Re- growth trends, as anticipated. ers adjust their views about
2000-21, potential growth multivariate filters exhib- ate filters, typically exhibit estimates are specifically long-term growth drivers.

Refugee trends: Unprecedented numbers hit 110 million globally


experience internal migra- placed population in Yemen
TDG Network
tion by the year 2050.
TRENDS AT-A-GLANCE reached 4.5 million, with
NEW DELHI
These figures are subject As of the conclusion of 2022, a staggering 108.4 million in- displaced families facing a
The number of refugees to change and hinge signifi- dividuals worldwide found themselves forcibly displaced severe risk of famine. Natu-
and asylum seekers has wit- cantly on the execution of due to persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights vio- ral disasters have further
nessed a notable increase in policies such as achieving lations. This includes: exacerbated the conflict in
various countries in recent carbon neutrality, particu- l 35.3 million refugees Yemen, leading Yemenis to
years, as highlighted in the larly by the Global North. l 62.5 million internally displaced people flee multiple times.
Statista animation utilizing The countries considered l 5.4 million asylum seekers
UNHCR data. The major- most vulnerable appear to l 5.2 million people in need of international protection, EDUCATION TRENDS
ity of these displaced indi- be aligning with the goal of a majority from Venezuela Refugee enrollment remains
viduals come from Syria, restricting global warming By May 2023, the global forced displacement crisis lower than that of non-refu-
Ukraine, and Afghanistan. to 1.5°C, as outlined in the reached unprecedented levels, with over 110 million indi- gees across all education
Notably, the United States, Paris Agreement of 2015. viduals forcibly displaced worldwide. This constitutes the levels. As refugee children
Turkey, Iran, and Germany However, more developed most substantial annual surge in forced displacement ever progress in age, there is an
are among the nations cur- nations such as Canada, recorded in the history of the UNHCR, driven primarily increased risk of them fall-
rently hosting the largest China, Russia, or the United by the conflict in Ukraine and other perilous situations. ing behind.
numbers of refugees and States are anticipated to fall Approximately 48 per
asylum seekers. notably short of meeting cent of all refugee children
As of the conclusion of this target. are still out of school, high-
2022, the UNHCR reported lighting a significant gap in
a global refugee population STATISTICS BY access to education.
of approximately 35 million COUNTRY School closures due to CO-
individuals. Concurrently, Sub-Saharan Africa VID-19 resulted in refugee
there are individuals fac- As of the conclusion of 2022, learners losing an average
ing internal displacement the East and Horn of Africa, of 142 days of school up to
within their respective along with the Great Lakes March 2021. Even before
countries, compelled to flee region, hosted nearly 5 mil- the pandemic, young refu-
and separated from their lion refugees. This region gees were already 30 per
homes. constitutes 20 per cent of cent less likely to complete
The UNHCR’s estimation the global refugee popula- primary school and only half
places the number of in- tion, with approximately as likely to complete lower-
ternally displaced persons 85 per cent residing in secondary school.
(IDPs) at approximately Chad (592,800), Camer- For pre-primary educa-
62.5 million by the end of oon (473,900), and Niger tion, enrollment rates for
2022. In total, the UNHCR (255,300). A conflict in Su- refugees stand at 42 per cent
accounted for roughly 108 dan, starting in April 2023, based on data from 40 coun-
million people experiencing led to the displacement of in neighbouring countries lives attempting to reach Eu- Syrians accounting for Rohingya refugees have fled tries.
displacement from their na- 2.6 million people within or countries in the Americas, rope, with more than 2,439 South Sudan nearly 1 in 5 refugees glob- Myanmar, with 90 per cent At the primary level, UN-
tive lands. Sudan, with an additional with an additional 241,900 reported dead or missing. In By the end of 2022, approxi- ally. Approximately 6.5 mil- living in Bangladesh and HCR data indicates that 68
Beyond the challenges 738,000 fleeing to neigh- considered populations of response to the vast displace- mately 2.3 million South lion Syrians were hosted in Malaysia. per cent of refugee children
posed by wars and conflicts, bouring countries by July concern. ment caused by the war in Sudanese refugees were 131 countries, and 13.5 mil- are enrolled in school.
the consequences of climate 2023. Ukraine, EU member states recorded. As of April 2023, lion Syrians were internally Ukraine However, this enrollment
change further worsen the Europe and other European nations more than 97 per cent of displaced by late 2022, rep- The ongoing war in Ukraine rate drops significantly to 37
predicament of displaced Central America and Ven- By the conclusion of 2022, granted temporary protec- South Sudanese refugees resenting over half of Syria’s has resulted in more than per cent for refugee children
individuals. The intersec- ezuela Europe hosted one-third tion to millions of Ukrainian were hosted in Uganda, Su- total population. Over 75 5 million Ukrainians dis- at the secondary school level.
tion of conflicts and climate Recent years have witnessed of the world’s refugees (36 refugees. dan, Ethiopia, and Kenya. per cent of refugees (77 per placed within their country There is a notable increase
change creates barriers to increased violence by or- per cent), with the number Outbreaks of violence in cent) resided in neighbour- and an additional 6.3 million in higher education enroll-
accessing safety, vital re- ganized criminal groups, rising from 7 million at the Iraq 2022 led to 282,000 new ing countries, including displaced across borders as ment for refugees, with 6 per
sources, and sustainable known as maras, in Hon- end of 2021 to 12.4 million As of May 2023, nearly 1.2 internal displacements, in- Turkey (3.5 million), Leba- of June 2023. Over 17 mil- cent now enrolled in college
livelihoods. duras, while El Salvador at the end of 2022. Turkey million Iraqis remain inter- creasing the total number of non (814,700), and Jordan lion people in Ukraine are in or university, compared to 1
T h e Wo r l d B a n k ’ s experienced a decrease in remains the largest refugee- nally displaced, while the internally displaced persons (660,900). urgent need of humanitarian per cent in recent years.
Groundswell report from organized violence. By the hosting country globally, country also hosts 273,700 to 2.26 million as of April assistance. Gender Gap: Globally, at
2021 forecasts that if the end of 2021, the number of accommodating 3.6 million refugees from other nations. 2023. The largest groups of Rohingya Refugee Emer- the primary level, gross en-
current trajectory of elevat- refugees and displaced Ven- refugees or 10 per cent of Despite the consistent return returnees, with 151,300 re- gency Yemen rollment rates for refugee
ed greenhouse gas emis- ezuelans abroad reached 5.2 all those displaced across of around 4.8 million Iraqi turning in 2022, were refu- The Rohingya, a stateless Fighting in Yemen, one of boys and girls are at 68 per
sions and disparate devel- million. As of 2022, an esti- borders. Germany hosted internally displaced per- gees from South Sudan. Muslim minority in Myan- the poorest countries in the cent and 67 per cent, respec-
opment persists without mated 968,300 people from nearly 2.1 million people, sons (IDPs) as of May 2023, mar, have faced significant Middle East has compound- tively. At the secondary level,
intervention, an estimated El Salvador, Guatemala, and constituting 6 per cent of all many still struggle to reinte- Syria displacement since the start ed needs arising from years these rates decline to 36 per
average of 170 million peo- Honduras were internally global refugees. In 2022, over grate and require ongoing In 2022, the conflict in Syria of violence in 2017. Approxi- of poverty and insecurity. cent for boys and 34 per cent
ple across six regions will displaced or sought asylum 159,000 people risked their humanitarian assistance. entered its 12th year, with mately 1.2 million stateless In 2022, the internally dis- for girls.
8 comment & analysis the daily guardian review
tue s day | 12 marc h 2024
new delhi

Empowering every Indian woman: perspective


ANYTHING GOES?

Recognise entrepreneurial spirit within Time to temper the


We create an environment where women have the opportunity to thrive election rhetoric
Strange sound bites are coming from almost all po-
litical parties, now that campaigning for the general
elections has started, even though the dates are yet to

opinion be announced. It would not be an exaggeration to say


that Congress leader Rahul Gandhi in particular has
been making assertions that, if taken to their logical
conclusion, will resurrect the Bolshevik revolution of
Pritika Singh the early 1900s. His valiant attempt to revive Mandal
politics by making “caste survey” the central plank
of his campaign has been grabbing eyeballs. But not
much attention has been given to his plan to conduct
preneurial journey begins a “financial survey” to “reveal if the national wealth
with her selflessness. She is distributed evenly among all the communities”.
willingly sacrifices her own Given that he is the face of the Congress party, the
ambitions and desires for main Opposition in this country, there is no reason to
the betterment of her family. believe that he is non-serious in his assertion. Implicit
Just like a savvy entrepre- in this assertion—in fact, some of his party people
neur invests in the growth are openly speaking about it on social media—is the
of their venture, she invests promise of redistribution of wealth. But any such step
her time, energy, and love can have only one consequence, the inevitable “class
into nurturing her fam- warfare” which was at the heart of Russia’s Bolshevik

I
n Indian society, the role ily members, ensuring their revolution. However, in Russia, wealth distribution,
of women is often cel- well-being and success. in reality, turned out to be poverty distribution, apart
ebrated for its multifac- Moreover, the homemaker from resulting in the deaths of millions of people. Any
eted nature. As we approach demonstrates unparalleled redistribution of wealth by the State, even in its most
International Women’s Day, adaptability and problem- civilized form, implies “taxing” the “haves” to help
it’s crucial to recognize and solving skills. In the face of the “have-nots” to the extent that capital flees from
appreciate the entrepre- challenges, whether it be the country. No so-called redistribution of wealth
neurial spirit that resides managing a tight budget or can happen without taking economically ruinous
within every Indian woman. juggling multiple responsi- measures. In this context, one is reminded of Chi-
Contrary to conventional bilities, she finds creative so- nese President Xi Jinping, who wants China to return
notions, entrepreneurship lutions and makes the most to its socialist roots by making “common prosperity”
transcends the confines of out of limited resources. commitment to support- and create an environment his goal, to reduce income disparity. However, Xi’s
formal business ventures; Her ability to stretch a rupee The homemaker demonstrates unparalleled ing her family and secur- where every woman has the “common prosperity” is being looked at with scepti-
it permeates the very fabric further than most demon- ing a better future for her opportunity to thrive as an cism as fears rise of the step aggravating problems for
of daily life, especially for strates a keen understand- adaptability and problem-solving skills. children. Her unwavering entrepreneur. an already troubled Chinese economy. Additionally,
women in India. ing of financial manage- determination serves as an Let us honor the entrepre- doesn’t Rahul Gandhi realise that in real terms, stok-
In my opinion, every ment—an essential trait for
In the face of challenges, whether it be inspiration to us all, remind- neurial spirit that resides ing the feeling of deprivation may get him votes, but
woman in India embodies any entrepreneur. managing a tight budget or juggling multiple ing us of the transformative within every Indian woman. can also create unrest on the ground? He needs to un-
the essence of an entrepre- But entrepreneurship in power of entrepreneurship Whether she’s managing derstand that a direct fallout of any divisive rhetoric
neur. Take, for instance, the India extends far beyond responsibilities, she finds creative solutions in even the most challenging a household or providing from public platforms is the spread of discord. This
quintessential homemaker. the confines of the home. circumstances. essential services, her con- was witnessed recently at one of Rahul Gandhi’s own
Often overlooked in dis- Consider the millions of and makes the most out of limited resources. In celebrating the entre- tributions are invaluable to meetings, when a reporter was beaten up by a mob
cussions about entrepre- women who work as maids, preneurial spirit of Indian the fabric of our society. By of his supporters, because the Congress leader kept
neurship, she epitomizes tirelessly cleaning, cooking, women, it’s essential to rec- empowering women to pur- taunting the reporter on caste issues. Does Rahul
resilience, innovation, and and caring for households neurial prowess. She navi- while maintaining the high- ognize the systemic barri- sue their entrepreneurial Gandhi ever think through the consequences of his
resourcefulness. Despite across the nation. Despite gates through the complexi- est standards of quality and ers they face. From gender dreams, we not only unlock utterances?
not operating within the tra- their humble beginnings, ties of different households, professionalism. discrimination to limited their full potential but also Then take the example of Trinamool Congress
ditional business realm, her these women exemplify each with its unique set of Moreover, the maid show- access to education and re- pave the way for a more in- in West Bengal. On the back foot, because of the
role is akin to that of a CEO, the entrepreneurial spirit challenges and expecta- cases remarkable resilience sources, women encounter clusive and prosperous fu- serious charges of corruption and misgovernance
managing the household’s through their sheer deter- tions. Like a shrewd busi- in the face of adversity. De- numerous obstacles on their ture for all. against its government, the Mamata Banerjee-led
finances, logistics, and hu- mination and work ethic. ness owner, she must adapt spite often working long entrepreneurial journey. party has decided to play the card of Bengali pride.
man resources. For the maid, every day is her services to meet the hours for meager pay, she As a society, we must strive Ms Pritika Singh, CEO at Do not vote for the bohiragoto, the outsiders, was
The homemaker’s entre- a testament to her entrepre- diverse needs of her clients remains steadfast in her to dismantle these barriers Prayag Hospitals Group Mamata Banerjee’s main poll plank in the 2021 As-
sembly elections. She is reviving the card in 2024.

Impact of population on Viksit Bharat goal Accordingly, her nephew, Abhishek Banerjee, who
declared the state’s 42 Lok Sabha candidates at a
rally on Sunday, introduced them as “the MP can-
updated with the changing formed 16th Finance Com- didates fighting for Bengal; as well as for TMC”. The
requirements of an increas- mission will be confronted message was clear: the fight was between pro-Ben-
ingly technologically con- by this challenge as it fo- gal and anti-Bengal forces. This narrative worked to

opinion trolled economy.


Second, We must en-
hance the ability of this
cuses on inter-state allot-
ments.
Historically, concerns
an extent in 2021, but much water has flown under
the bridge since then, including the humungous
amounts of cash that have tumbled out of the cup-
elderly population to be about demographic ex- boards of TMC leaders. So it is not known if the out-
Dr. Ravi Prakash Tiwari self-sustaining in the sce- plosion dominate the dis- sider card will have a similar impact in 2024 as well.
nario of an amalgamation course on population in In fact it’s sheer xenophobia that is at the core of any
of rising numbers of elderly India. However, it is high “insider vs outsider” debate. Just because some re-
and a declining number of time we moved beyond gional parties stoke this “insider vs outsider” fire in
children to aid them. A fu- the Emergency era para- their respective states, does not make it right. The
India will have the embar- imposition of the popula- sion of policies, including noia and look through the rhetoric of xenophobia is divisive and disruptive,
rassing distinction of being tion control programme in enhanced old age pension prisms of other nations. apart from having the potential to endanger human
the world’s most populous 1976. schemes, raising retire- China enforced an au- lives and livelihoods. We have seen this in Maha-
nation in years to come. De- We hope that instead of ment age, and increased thoritarian one- child poli- rashtra against North Indians; and now some stray
spite it, it does not seem to getting entangled in the ability to sell land or homes Historically, concerns about demographic cy in its quest for swift pop- incidents are taking place in Tamil Nadu too. In fact,
be the alarming prospect it old political discourse of is required. ulation control, bringing it Mamata Banerjee should have known better, given
was once believed to be. All population explosion this Third, the burden of child explosion dominate the discourse to a demographic downhill that Bengalis settled in Assam were subjected to the
strata of the society have committee will genuinely care for women diminishes on population in India. However, where the requirements of violent “Bongal Kheda” movement in the 1960s, in
begun to implement family work on reshaping the with the decline in fertility. its ageing population have an attempt to drive them out of Assam. Ironically, in
planning and fertility has policy agenda that rides The Sociologist Sojin Yu ’s it is high time we moved beyond the commenced to deceler- spite of all this rhetoric against “outsiders”, the TMC
consistently diminished to the inevitable demographic analysis of National Family ate its economic growth. fielded three “outsiders” on Sunday among the 42
a level where two parents tsunami . This will necessi- Health Survey data reveals
Emergency era paranoia and look It relaxed the one-child candidates that it declared—Shatrughan Sinha and
are being replaced by two tate focusing on a plethora that an average woman through the prisms of other nations. limitation but it failed in Kirti Azad from Bihar, and Yusuf Pathan from Gu-
children. India has judi- of priorities. spent about 14 years nur- increasing fertility. This il- jarat.
ciously managed not to let First, That India’s demo- turing children under age lustrates that India should As for the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, why
the burden of a burgeoning graphic reality for 2047 is five in 1993, while that market. M Kulkarni observed that abstain from a similar should at least one of its leaders be left out of this
population pose an impedi- obvious to everyone must number diminished to If it is approved, MGN- 44 employed-age adults alarmist approach and let competition of shooting off one’s mouth without
ment to its continued eco- be acknowledged. The eight years in 2021. How- REGA projects or works supported 100 dependents fertility ebb continue at a thinking of the consequences? Its MP from Uttara
nomic growth. However, workforce of 2047 will be ever, the time disentangled can incorporate rotational in 2021, in Bihar, while natural pace. Let us adjust Kanara in Karnataka, Anant Kumar Hegde is in
population transformation in contrast to the workforce from childcare has not provision of childcare un- in Tamil Nadu, 50 adults to the demographic reality the news for saying that the BJP needs 400 seats to
brings some changes to of 2024. At present, 33 per been engaged in increased der the superintendence of supported the same popu- gracefully. Demographers, change the Constitution of India. It’s a loaded state-
which we are yet to adjust. cent of the population be- participation in productive an adept early childhood lation. The scenario will economists, sociologists, ment and coming a month ahead of the Lok Sabha
While presenting the longs to the age group of activities. We will squander educator. reverse with the worker-to- and public policy experts elections, it’s akin to a bombshell, which has landed
2024 budget, Finance 20-29, while 23 per cent of the opportunity of utilising Fourth, demographic dependent ratio altering to must pay multifaceted at- the BJP in a major controversy. It may even have a
Minister Nirmala Sithara- the population is aged 40- a demographic advantage changes will not be wit- 47 in Bihar and 24 in Tamil tention to these complex major impact on the fence-sitters/swing voters who
man pledged a committee 59. Each mentioned age into a gender advantage, nessed at the same rate by Nadu by 2051. challenges .Such a judi- are yet to make up their mind about the BJP, apart
to look over India’s popu- group will comprise about unless we find ways of cre- the entire country. Popula- In short, in historically cious move to set up a high- from giving the Opposition ammunition to further
lation expansion to make 28 per cent of the popula- ating a liberal labour mar- tion aging will also be most deemed demographically profile committee to assess paint the party as an oppressor of minorities. The
sure that the country is on tion in 2047. The percent- ket for women. Through conspicuous in the south- explosive states, such as the challenges posed by de- matter can even get escalated internationally. No
track to accomplish the age of the young workforce the creative amalgamation ern or more developed Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Mad- mographic transformation wonder the BJP is in a tizzy, distancing itself from
ambitious Viksit Bharat will diminish and the old of Anganwadi and the Ma- states, as fertility decline hya Pradesh, and Chhattis- in collaboration with the Hegde’s statement, and now the buzz is that he may
mega goal by 2047. We de- workforce will rise. We hatma Gandhi National was first witnessed here. garh, the future of India’s 16 th Finance Commission even be denied a ticket to fight the Lok Sabha elec-
voutly hope that this step must focus on persistent Rural Employment Guar- The number of individuals elderly and children will will go a long way in ac- tions.
reflects a paradigm shift in skill enhancement and on- antee Scheme, the acces- ages 15-59 aiding children rest on workers’ efficiency. complishing this ambitious The point is simple: in this election season, why
public discourse regarding the-job training above and sibility of childcare can be under 15 and older popula- The real challenge lies in goal. cannot our political parties and individual leaders
the course of India’s demo- beyond formal education ameliorated, which will tion above 60 is defined as making the workers pro- Dr. Ravi Prakash Tiwari has temper their rhetoric and be responsible political
graphic transformation, to ensure that this growing aid in expanding women’s Dependency burden. It will ductive in these states to the world record for having players?
commencing nearly 50 percentage of middle-aged competence to showcase vary significantly between ensure the future welfare written 2100 puns in his book, Joyeeta Basu
years after the draconian workers keep themselves their prowess in the job states. The demographer P of all Indians. The newly Pun Is Fun.

Editorial Director: Prof. M.D. Nalapat; Managing Editor: Pankaj Vohra; Editor: Joyeeta Basu. Printed and Published by Rakesh Sharma for and on behalf of Good Morning India Media Pvt. Ltd.; Printed at: Good Morning India Media Pvt. Ltd, Khasra No. 39, Village Basai Brahuddin Nagar, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
(U.P.-201301); Published at: 275, Piccadily House, Floor-1, Captain Gaur Marg, Srinivaspuri, New Delhi - 110065; The Editorial offices: 275 Captain Gaur Marg Sriniwaspuri Okhla, New Delhi - 110065; Mumbai Office: Juhu Hotel, Juhu Tara Road, Santa Cruz-West, Mumbai-400049; Chandigarh Office: SCO-7, Sector 17-E,
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Historically Speaking 9 t h e da ily gua r dia n r eview
t u e s day | 12 m a rch 2 0 2 4
n ew de l h i

Evolution of Election Commission of India


Since India’s independence free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per
the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System.
tdg network

Election

T
he vote is the most pow- Commission
erful instrument ever
devised by man for
of India is a
breaking down injustice and permanent
destroying the terrible walls Constitutional
which imprison men because Body. The
they are different from other
men." said former US President
Election
Lyndon B. Johnson while defin- Commission was
ing the beauty of the elections, established in
and votes. accordance with
When general election in
the Constitution
India are round the corner, to-
day we will deep dive into the on 25th January
history of the authority which 1950. The
ensure free and fair election Commission
in our country—The Election celebrated its
Commission of India.
The Constitution of India has Golden Jubilee in
vested in the Election Commis- 2001. The body
sion of India the superinten- administers
dence, direction and control of elections to the
the entire process for conduct
of elections to Parliament and
Lok Sabha,
Legislature of every State and Rajya Sabha,
to the offices of President and State Legislative
Vice-President of India. Assemblies,
History
State Legislative
Election Commission of India Councils and
is a permanent Constitutional the offices of the
Body. The Election Commission President and
was established in accordance
with the Constitution on 25th
Vice President
January 1950. The Commission of the country.
celebrated its Golden Jubilee in
2001. The body administers

Historical Reforms Brief history of the ECI


elections to the Lok Sabha, the election period, extending
Rajya Sabha, State Legislative over a period of one and half to
Assemblies, State Legislative two months.
Councils and the offices of the Quasi-Judicial Functions
President and Vice President of Criminal cases: In pursuance of the directions the way of digital India and to minimize scope of The Commission has the Formation and Early Years (1950-1952): Use of Technology:
the country. The Election Com- given by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in its Order mistakes in nomination form and the affidavit power to disqualify a candidate The Election Commission of India was estab- The Election Commission has embraced tech-
mission operates under the dated 13.02.2020 the Commission, after due (Form-26), the Commission has provided an who has failed to lodge an ac- lished on January 25, 1950, just before the first nology to enhance the efficiency and transparency
authority of Constitution per consideration has directed that all political optional facility to the candidates for online count of his election expenses general elections in India. Sukumar Sen was of the electoral process. Electronic Voting Ma-
Article 324, and subsequently parties, that set up candidates with criminal data entry of personal details in nomination within the time and in the appointed as the first Chief Election Commis- chines (EVMs) and Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail
enacted Representation of antecedents, either pending cases or cases of form. This facility is available for the candidates manner prescribed by law. The sioner, and he played a crucial role in organizing (VVPAT) systems have been introduced to improve
the People Act. The commis- past conviction shall scrupulously follow each of through the Election Commission's Suvidha Commission has also the power the country's first elections in 1951-1952. the accuracy and integrity of the voting process.
sion has the powers under the the directions given by Hon’ble Supreme Court in portal (https://suvidha.eci.gov.in). for removing or reducing the Conducting the First General Elections (1951- Electoral Reforms:
Constitution, to act in an ap- its judgment in all future elections to the Houses Eco-friendly elections: Commission has been period of such disqualification 1952): The Election Commission has been actively
propriate manner when the of Parliament and State Legislatures. asking all the political parties and instructed to as also other disqualification The first general elections in India were held involved in proposing and implementing electoral
enacted laws make insufficient In pursuance of the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s take adequate steps and measures to not use under the law. from October 1951 to February 1952. The Elec- reforms to strengthen the democratic process in
provisions to deal with a given judgment in the matter, the Commission has single-use plastic as campaign materials (post- International Co- tion Commission successfully conducted these India. This includes efforts to curb electoral mal-
situation in the conduct of an issued instructions for publishing details of ers, banners etc.,) during the elections in the Operation elections, marking a significant milestone in the practices, promote transparency, and enhance
election. It is a permanent con- criminal antecedents of the contesting candi- interest of human health and environment. India, as the largest practic- democratic history of independent India. the role of political parties.
stitutional body. dates by the political parties and the candidates Electoral Roll enrolment: The Law has been ing democracy in the world Expansion of Responsibilities: Independence and Autonomy:
In 1950, the commission origi- themselves. Various Formats for publishing amended to provide four qualifying dates for and with over 75 years’ record Over the years, the Election Commission's role The Election Commission of India operates as an
nally only had one Chief Elec- such details have also been devised by the Com- enrolment in the electoral roll. Now any citizen of holding effective, transparent expanded to include the conduct of elections independent and autonomous body, insulated
tion Commissioner. Two ad- mission. turning 18 years on 1st January, 1st April, 1st and credible elections, playing to the Lok Sabha (House of the People), Rajya from political interference. The Chief Election
ditional Commissioners were Postal Ballot facility: Rule 27A of the Conduct of July or 1st October can file his claim for enrol- a leading role in promoting Sabha (Council of States), State Legislative As- Commissioner and Election Commissioners
appointed to the commission Elections Rules, 1961 has been amended vide ment in any quarter of the year. participatory democracy and semblies, and offices of the President and Vice are appointed by the President of India and enjoy
for the first time on 16 October Notifications dated 22.10.2019 and 19.06.2020. Canvassing: Commission notified a Scheme for election administration world- President. security of tenure.
1989 (on the eve of the 1989 By the said two amendments “Absentee voters” use of Govt. owned Electronic media by Political wide. Election Commission of Landmark Elections and Reforms: International Recognition:
General Election), but they had have an option entitled to vote by postal ballot. parties, on 16th January 1998 which also holds India is a founding member The Election Commission played a pivotal role The Election Commission of India is often cited as
a very short tenure, ending on “Absentee Voter” has been defined in clause (aa) a statutory basis under Section 39A of the R.P. and past Chair of the Associa- in conducting several landmark elections, an example of a successful and robust election
1 January 1990. "The Election of Rule-27A of the Conduct of Elections Rules, Act, 1951 which provides free time on DD & AIR. tion of World Election Bodies including the 1977 elections after the Emergency management body. It has received recognition at
Commissioner Amendment 1961, and includes person who is employed Recently, the Commission has amended the (A-WEB), a body comprising period and the introduction of electronic voting the international level for its efforts in conducting
Act, 1989" was adopted on 1 in essential services, senior citizens, persons existing scheme by introducing a provision to is- 119 Election Management Bod- machines (EVMs) in the 1990s. free and fair elections.
January 1990 which turned the with disability and COVID 19 suspect or affected sue digital time vouchers through an Information ies from around the globe as its
commission into a multi-mem- persons. The category of essential service is no- Technology (IT) platform. With this facilitation,
ber body: a 3-member Com- tified by the Election Commission under Section the political parties will not be required to send
mission has been in operation 60(C) of the RP Act, 1951 in consultation with the their representatives to EC/CEO Offices for
since then and the decisions by Central Government. collection of the time vouchers physically during
the commission are made by a Nomination Form: In order to move forward in elections.
majority vote.
The commission is served by had only a Chief Election Com- generally appointed from the overall superintendence, di-
its secretariat located in New missioner. It currently consists national civil service of the rection and control of the Com-
Delhi. The Election Commis- of Chief Election Commissioner country and are selected and mission, by the Chief Electoral
sioners are assisted by Deputy and two Election Commission- appointed by the Commis- Officer of the State, who is ap-
Election Commissioners, who ers. For the first time two ad- sion with tenure. Directors, pointed by the Commission
are generally IAS officers. They ditional Commissioners were Principal Secretaries, and from amongst senior civil ser-
are further assisted by Direc- appointed on 16th October 1989 Secretaries, Under Secretaries vants from a panel of officers
tors General, Principal Sec- but they had a very short ten- and Deputy Secretary support proposed by the concerned
retaries, and Secretaries and ure till 1st January 1990. Later, the Deputy Election Commis- state government. He is, in most
Under Secretaries. on 1st October 1993 two addi- sioners and Director Generals of the States, a full time officer
At the state level, Election tional Election Commissioners in turn. There is functional and has a small team of sup-
Commission is assisted by the were appointed. The concept of and territorial distribution of porting staff.
Chief Electoral Officer of the multi-member Commission has work in the Commission. The At the district and constitu-
State, who is an IAS officer of been in operation since then, work is organised in Divisions, ency levels, the District Elec- members; founding member worldwide. Delhi namely ‘India A–WEB Election Commission of India
Principal Secretary rank. At the with decision making power Branches and Sections; each of tion Officers, Electoral Regis- and Chair of the Association of ECI has signed Memorandum Center’. The Centre is mandat- provided them necessary tech-
district and constituency levels, by majority vote. the last mentioned units is in tration Officers and Returning the Asian Election Authorities of Understandings (MoUs) ed to take up ‘Documentation, nical assistance.
the District Magistrates (in their Transaction of Business charge of a Section Officer. The Officers, who are assisted by a (AAEA), past chair of the Fo- with 28 Electoral Manage- Research and Training’ for A-
capacity as District Election Of- The Commission transacts main functional divisions are large number of functionaries, rum of Election Management ment Bodies (EMBs) and 3 In- WEB Members for sharing best New Initiatives
ficers), Electoral Registration its business by holding regular Administration, Electoral Roll, perform election work. They Bodies of South Asia (FEM- ternational Organisations i.e. practices and capacity building The Commission has taken
Officers and Returning Officers meetings and also by circula- Election Expenditure Manage- all perform their functions re- BoSA), member of Interna- International Foundation for among the members of A-WEB several new initiatives in the re-
perform election work. tion of papers. All Election ment, Information Systems, lating to elections in addition tional Institute for Democracy Electoral Systems (IFES), In- in election management. cent past. Notable among these
Commissioners have equal say International Cooperation, to their other responsibilities. and Electoral Assistance (Intl. ternational IDEA and United Since 2011, ECI, through its are, a scheme for use of State
Tenure in the decision making of the Judicial, Media, Planning, During election time, however, IDEA), Stockholm and Com- Nations. These MoUs provide premier training institute III- owned Electronic Media for
The tenure of election com- Commission. The Commission, Political Parties, Secretariat they are available to the Com- monwealth Electoral Network institutional framework for DEM, successfully imparted broadcast/telecast by Political
missioners is not prescribed from time to time, delegates Co-ordination, and Systematic mission, more or less, on a full (CEN) (2010). ECI has always collaborative activities like trainings to the 69,362 Election parties, checking criminalisa-
by Indian Constitution. How- some of its executive functions Voters' Education and Electoral time basis. championed the need for in- experience sharing, capacity Officials from the 109coun- tion of politics, computerisa-
ever, according to the 1991 to its officers in its Secretariat. Participation (SVEEP). The The gigantic task force for ternational cooperation among building, technical cooperation tries. The Commission has also tion of electoral rolls, providing
Election Commission Act, the The Commission has a separate territorial work is distributed conducting a countrywide gen- democracies, nurtured steady and exchange, visits and study provided experts and observ- electors with Identity Cards,
Chief Election Commissioner Secretariat at New Delhi, con- among separate units respon- eral election consists of more collaborations, learning from missions. ers for elections to the various simplifying the procedure for
or an Election Commissioner sisting of about 550 officials, in sible for different Zones into than twelve million polling per- each other and sharing experi- Consequent to the decision countries i.e. Fiji, Cambodia, maintenance of accounts and
shall hold office for a term of a hierarchical set up. which the 36 constituent States sonnel and civil police forces. ences and best practices in the taken in the Extraordinary Thailand, Nepal, Uzbekistan, filling of the same by candi-
six years, or up to the age of Five or Six Deputy Election and Union Territories of the This huge election machinery areas of Electoral Management Executive Board Meeting of A- Kazakhstan, Zimbabwe and dates and a variety of measures
65 years, whichever is earlier, Commissioners and Director country are grouped for conve- is deemed to be on deputation and Administration, Electoral WEB held on 2ndSeptember, Sri Lanka etc. Nepal, Bhutan for strict compliance of Model
from the date on which he/she Generals who are the senior nience of management. to the Election Commission and Laws and Reforms, Infor- 2019, the Election Commission and Namibia are using the Code of Conduct, for providing
assumes his/her office. officers in the Secretariat as- At the state level, the election is subject to its control, superin- mation & Technology with a of India has established a Re- Electronic Voting Machines a level playing field to contes-
Originally the commission sist the Commission. They are work is supervised, subject to tendence and discipline during view to strengthen democracy gional Centreof A-WEBin New manufactured in India and the tants during the elections.
10 legally speaking the daily guardian review
tue s day | 12 marc h 2024
new delhi

Delhi High Court Issued Show Cause Notice For Contempt; Go Air RP
Unable To Undertake Regular Maintenance Of Lessors’ Aircrafts
tdg network
The bench headed by court orders. or agents shall be permit- the single judge order, thus, Corporate Insolvency Res-
new delhi
Justice Tara Vitasta Ganju It was also submitted ted by the Directorate the court rejected the same. olution Process was initi-

T
he Delhi High Court in the case observed that before the court that the General of Civil Aviation, The court observed that ated against Go Airlines
in the case DAE (SY the directions to provide directions in the orders, DGCA and the appropri- the lessors are Pembroke (India) Limited. The Go
22) 13 Ireland Desig- access and inspection of which were being passed ate airport authorities to ac- Aircraft Leasing 11 Limit- First airlines stopped fly-
nated Activity Company v. all the aircrafts records to with a view to protect and cess the airport where their ed, SMBC Aviation Capital ing from May 03, 2023.
Go Airlines (India) Ltd. ob- the lessors and carrying preserve the 54 aircrafts of aircrafts were parked and Limited, Accipiter Invest- The National Company
served and has issued the out maintenance were not the lessors, were not com- to inspect them. ments Aircraft 2 Limited Law Appellate Tribunal,
show cause notice to the being adhered to by the RP. plied with by the RP. Therefore, an appeal was and EOS Aviation 12, the NCLAT rejected the appeal
Resolution Professional, The court stated that the The court in the case had filed by Go Air against the Ireland Limited, DAE SY filed by the lessors chal-
RP of crisis-hit Go Air as orders of the said court permitted the lessors to order of the single judge. 22 13 Ireland Designated lenging NCLT’s direction
to why the contempt pro- have been wilfully dis- carry out inspection and In an appeal, the division Activity Company, SFV to keep the leased aircrafts
ceedings be not initiated obeyed by the Respondent interim maintenance tasks bench permitted the airline Aircraft Holdings Ire 9 intact in the possession of
against him. or RP. The counsel appearing crafts. of their aircrafts, twice a to carry out maintenance DAC Limited, the ACG Air- Go Airlines. Therefore, the
The court in the case ob- Further, the court issued for the RP submitted be- In the present case, the month until final disposal of the aircrafts, which be- craft Leasing and GY Avia- matter reached the Delhi
served that he was unable the show cause notice as fore the court that his client contempt petition was of their pleas to de-register ing subject to a monthly tion Lease 1722 Co Limited. High Court.
to undertake regular main- to why proceedings of was willing to revert to the filed by the lessors against their plan es from the air- inspection by the lessors. Last Year, the National Accordingly, the court
tenance of the aircrafts of contempt be not initiated position as it is obtained in Go Airlines, India Limited line on July 05, 2023. Further, the airline had Company Law Appellate listed the matter for further
various lessors in terms of against the Respondent or the order in question qua wherein it alleged wilful The court stated that the then moved the Supreme Tribunal upheld the order consideration on March 15,
last year’s judicial orders. RP. maintenance of the air- and deliberate violation of lessors and its employees Court appealing against passed by NCLT whereby 2024.

Confessional Statement Of Co-Accused Under Delhi High Court: Proceedings Initiated Under
Section 50 Of PMLA Not Substantive Piece Of Evidence,
Can be Used Only For Corroboration: Delhi High Court
considering bail application who being an accused in a
IBC Does Not Exclude Court Jurisdiction
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tdg network
new delhi albeit for the limited purpose money laundering case. struction of dwelling units in seeking the appoint- the Force Majeure Clause Supreme Court in the
new delhi
of ascertaining whether there In the present case, the case which includes allied ser- ment of a Sole Arbitrator and terminate the contract case New Horizons Lim-
The Delhi High Court in the are broad probabilities, or rea- was registered by Enforce- The Delhi High Court in vices for officers & ORS at to adjudicate the disputes without financial repercus- ited v. Union of India. The
case Sanjay Jain v. Enforce- sons to believe, that the appli- ment Directorate, ED on the the case Godavari Projects Mumbai (Army).’ between the parties. sions due to the impact of High Court noted that a
ment Directorate observed cant is not guilty in the matter. basis of CBI FIR against the (J.V) Vs Union of India ob- The Petitioner bid was The Respondent contend- the coronavirus. joint venture as a legal en-
and has stated that the con- The court in the case ob- CEO and MD of Indian Farm- served and has held that accepted on June 15, 2016, ed before the court that the Further, the petitioner tity akin to a partnership,
fessional statement of a co-ac- served that the statements ers Fertilizer Co-operative, IF- the proceedings initiated which leads to the issuance work was cancelled or ter- argued that the insolvency emphasizing the collab-
cused as stated under Section as stated under Section 50 of FCO Ltd and various others under section 14 of the In- of a Work Order on June 27, minated by the Respondent of one constituent of the orative nature involving
50 of Prevention of Money- the PMLA have to be taken for alleged corruption and solvency and Bankruptcy 2016. due to the Petitioner’s al- Petitioner JV should not shared assets and risks
Laundering Act, 2002, is not at their face value, but in case causing loss to the exchequer Code, IBC do not expressly The court stated that due leged violation of contrac- impede the petition, em- and even assuming the
a substantive piece of evidence any such statement is patently by importing fertilizer raw exclude the jurisdiction of to the reasons not attrib- tual obligations. phasizing the separate le- Petitioner JV is undergo-
and it can be used only for cor- self-contradictory or two sep- material at inflated prices. the court or authorities to uted to the petitioner, the It was also argued before gal entity status of a JV. ing insolvency, thus, it has
roboration in support of other arate statements of the same It has been alleged by the entertain applications un- work was terminated by the court that the balance The petitioner noted that been clarified by the High
evidence to lend assurance to witness are inconsistent with Enforcement Directorate, ED der Section 11(6) of the Ar- the Petitioner on Septem- work is to be completed at more than two years have Court that it does not pre-
the said Court in arriving at a each other on material aspects, that Jain received the proceeds bitration Act or other pro- ber 14, 2021. the Petitioner’s risk and elapsed since contract ter- clude the corporate debtor
conclusion of guilt. then such contradictions and of crime through two routes. ceedings initiated by the The petition submitted its cost. Thus, the Respondent mination, and the Respon- from filing an application
The bench headed by Justice the inconsistencies will be The court in the case ob- corporate debtor against final bill, but the payment disputed the validity of the dent did not taken steps to under Section 11 of the
Vikas Mahajan in the case ob- one of the factors that will served and has agreed with another party. was not released. Petitioner’s reliance on the issue a fresh tender as per Arbitration Act against
served and has reiterated that ensure to the benefit of the the contention of the coun- The single bench of Jus- The respondent through Government of India Office Clause 60 of GCC. another party.
the statements of the witness- bail applicant whilst wherein sel appearing for Jain’s that tice Sachin Datta in the a letter, purportedly termi- Memorandum claiming it Observation Made Further, the High Court
es which is being recorded it ascertain the broad prob- non-arrest of co-accused is a case held that even if a Joint nated or cancelled the con- to be flawed. By High Court highlighted that the pro-
under Section 50 of the PMLA abilities, though undoubt- relevant factor which can be Venture is undergoing in- tract under Clause 48 of the Further, the respondent The High Court in the ceedings contemplated in
are to be meticulously appre- edly the probative value of the taken into account in addition solvency, thus, the said GCC, resulting in disputes asserted that the petition case observed and has em- Section 14 of the Insolven-
ciated only by the Trial Court statement(s) of the witnesses to other surrounding factors bench held that preclude between the parties. The is not maintainable due to phasized that the question cy and Bankruptcy Code,
which being during the course and the credibility of them or to grant the concession of bail the corporate debtor from Petitioner sent a notice in- ongoing insolvency pro- of whether the Petitioner IBC do not expressly ex-
of the trial and there cannot be reliability, will be analyzed by to Jain. The bench headed by filing an application under voking arbitration ceedings against one of the had the authority to termi- clude the jurisdiction of
a mini-trial at the stage of bail. the trial court only at the stage Justice Mahajan in the case ob- Section 11. Further, the Petitioner member constituents of the nate the contract by rely- the court or authorities to
The court in the case stated of trial for arriving at a conclu- served and has stated that Jain Facts of the Case approached the Delhi High Petitioner JV. ing on the Government of entertain applications un-
that when such statements sive finding apropos the guilt was also entitled to the benefit The present matter Court, High Court and filed On the other hand, the India’s Office Memoran- der Section 11(6) of the Ar-
are part of the material which of the applicant. of the fact that the main ac- relates to the disputes an application under Sec- petitioner contended that dum must be addressed bitration Act or other pro-
is collected during investiga- The court in the case made cused, as well as, some other stemmed from a tender tion 11(6) of the Arbitration Government of India Of- within the arbitral pro- ceedings initiated by the
tion, thus, they can certainly the said observations while accused persons had already process initiated by the and Conciliation Act, 1996, fice Memorandums al- ceedings. The High Court corporate debtor against
be looked into at the stage of granting bail to Sanjay Jain, been granted bail. Respondent for the ‘con- the Arbitration Act, where- lowed parties to invoke in the case referred to the another party.

Delhi High Court: Remittance Of Pre-Litigation Mediation Supreme Court Slams SBI Over Non-Disclosure
Of Electoral Bonds Details: Number 1 Bank In
Under Section 12-A Of Commercial Courts Act Is Mandatary Country, We Expect You To Handle It
tdg network by two months with parties’ tion, asserting that a prior the Court deemed sufficient and excludes the mediation
new delhi consent and the Settlements mediation attempt occurred compliance with Section period for limitation pur- by you? The affidavit is silent KYC. This is the number 1
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reached hold the same status during proceedings under 12-A, despite not occurring poses. new delhi on this. This court expect a de- bank in the country. We ex-
The Delhi High Court in as arbitral awards under the Section 138 of the Negotiable before the District Legal Ser- The High Court in the case gree of candour from the State pect them to be a le to handle
the case M/s Sabsons Agen- Arbitration and Concilia- Instruments Act, 1881, albeit vices Authority as stipulated observed and has held that The Supreme Court in the Bank of India. this. Further, the bench of
cies Private Limited Vs M/s tion Act, 1996, the Arbitra- not in strict accordance with by the Commercial Courts pre-litigation mediation was case observed and has criti- The counsel, Senior Advo- Chief Justice Chandrachud
Harihar Polymers and Anr. tion Act. Section 12-A. Act. mandatory. cized the State Bank of India, cate Harish Salve, represent- also pointed out that the direc-
observed and has held that Further, it has been argued Further, the High Court The High Court while SBI for its non-disclosure of ing the SBI, sought to defend tion of court did not require a
the requirement of pre-liti- Facts of the Case that once mediation has tak- emphasized the significance considering the facts and electoral bonds details and its request for an extension of ‘matching exercise’, but sim-
gation meditation under Sec- The Plaintiff approached en place, the court may not of mediation as a mandato- circumstances of the case put it on notice that contempt the deadline which is initially ply a ‘plain disclosure’ of the
tion 12-A of the Commercial the Delhi High Court and necessitate fresh mediation, ry pre-litigation exercise in observed and has rejected proceedings will be initiated if set by the apex court. information which is available
Courts Act, 2015 is manda- field an application request- even if not strictly adhering commercial disputes. the plaint under Order VII it fails to comply with the lat- It has been argued by Salve with the State Bank of India.
tory in nature. ing for an exemption from to Section 12-A’s provisions. The High Court highlight- Rule 11 of the Code of Civil est directions wherein man- that the matching of informa- The bench of Chief Justice also
The bench headed by Jus- pre-litigation mediation, as it ed the mandatory language Proce dure, 1908, leading dating disclosure by March tion to ascertain who contrib- expressed his surprise over an
tice Prateek Jalan was hear- is mandated by Section 12-A Observations Made of Section 12-A, the detailed to the dismissal of the entire 12, 2024. uted to which political party assistant general manager of
ing the present matter. of the Commercial Courts By High Court procedure outlined in the suit. The bench headed by Chief is a time-consuming process the bank for filing an affidavit
The Section 12-A of the Act, 2015. The High Court in the case Rules, the potential ben- Justice DY Chandrachud in since the information is main- wherein it seeks modification
Act outlines the mandatory The Plaintiff filed a suit observed and has noted that efits of mediation, and the Accordingly, the the case questioned the SBI’s tained in two separate silos. of the judgment of a Supreme
requirement for pre-insti- seeking the recovery for an the circumstances in this legislative intent to provide application was progress since the judgement The senior counsel also in- Court constitution bench.
tution mediation before fil- amount of Rs. 6,13,07,075/- case was distinguishable a level of voluntariness for dismissed. pronounced by the court on formed the court, We do not The court while expressing
ing a suit, provided urgent , comprising a principal from the precedent in Amit the defendant while making The counsel, Ms. Kavee- February 15. want to create any havoc by its dissatisfaction with the
interim relief is not sought. amount of Rs. 3,51,27,626/- Walia v. Shweta Sharma, it obligatory for the plaintiff. ta Wadia, Mr. Shashank The bench of Chief Justice making any mistake...Give us SBI’s approach to complying
Thus, Central Government and accrued interest, along wherein the judgement ren- Thus, it underscored that Tripathi and Mr. Majeebur DY Chandrachud remarked a little time. We will do it. with its directions, the said
may authorize Legal Services with future interest. dered based on mediation Section 12-A elevates settle- Rehman appeared for the that, our judgement dated The bench of Justice Sanjiv court ultimately dismissed
Authorities for this purpose, It has also been argued by conducted under the Delhi ment to an award, making it Petitioner. February 15. Today is March Khanna interjected, stating the application of bank for an
with the three-month media- the Petitioner for exemption High Court Mediation and enforceable akin to Section The counsel, Advocate for 11. In the last 26 days, what is that, there is no question of extension of time to furnish
tion timeframe extendable from pre-institution media- Conciliation Centre, which 30(4) of the Arbitration Act, the Defendant: None. the extent of matching done any mistake. You have the the electoral bonds details.

Punjab and Haryana High Court Seeks Centre’s Response On Petition Filed By
Sangeeta Phogat, Others To Set Aside Executive Committee Poll | WFI Elections
tdg network in December 2023. pended the Executive to-day affairs of the Fed- tion trials on the WFI let-
new delhi In the present case, the Committee of WFI for eration and is parallelly terhead on March 10 and
petition filed states that violating the WFI Con- holding selection trials March 11, simultaneous-
The Punjab and Haryana the executive committee stitution as well as the for the upcoming inter- ly with the selection tri-
High Court in the case elections are in violation Sports Code of 2011 with national events which als which are organized
Sangeeta Phogat & Ors. of the Constitution of a direction to the sus- being along with the se- by the WFI ad-hoc com-
v. Union of India & Ors. the Federation, National pended body to abstain lection trials organized mittee for the same dates
observed and seek re- Sports Development from administering and by the Ad-hoc Commit- for the upcoming senior
sponse from the Central Code of India, 2011, and managing day-to-day ac- tee of WFI. Asian Wrestling Cham-
Government on the peti- the ruling of Delhi High tivities of the Federation Further, the petitioner pionships and Asian
tion moved by Wrestling Court’s in the case Rahul with immediate effect in sub m it t e d t h at t h e y OG Qualifier Wrestling
Player Sangeeta Phogat Mehra v. Union of India December 2023. were constrained to ap- Tournaments.
and others to set aside and Ors. India, Indian Olympics WFI. ter. The petitioner alleged proach the High Court Accordingly, the court
the Wrestling Federation The court in the case Association, WFI, and The bench of Justice The petitioner in the that the suspended EC as the WFI’s suspended listed the matter for fur-
of India, WFI’s executive observed and has issued Sanjay Kumar Singh, Vinod S. Bhardwaj was plea submits that the of WFI is not leaving the executive committee was ther consideration on
committee election held notice to the Union of the Suspended President, hearing the present mat- Un i o n o f I n d i a s u s - management and day- organizing parallel selec- April 02, 2024.
14 medically speaking the daily guardian review
tue s day | 12 marc h 2024
new delhi

Nature vs. Nurture: Exploring the Role of Genetics


and Environmental Factors in Glaucoma Risk
efforts. Age serves as a there’s evidence of a gene- such as altered vitamin D
prominent risk factor, with environment interaction metabolism, could also con-
individuals over 40 facing between hormone replace- tribute.
heightened susceptibility. ment therapy and NOS3, a
Research also indicates a gene associated with nitric Conclusion
strong genetic predisposi- oxide synthase 3, as a POAG In conclusion, while genetic
tion, particularly evident in risk factor. predispositions play a sig-
cases of juvenile-onset and Residence in northern lati- nificant role in glaucoma,
early adult-onset glaucoma tudes emerges as a signifi- environmental factors also
Dr. P Sathyan linked to specific gene muta- cant risk factor for exfolia- exert considerable influence
tions. The pathophysiology tion syndrome (ES) and its on the risk and progression

G
laucoma, a leading of glaucoma is multifaceted, related condition, exfoliation of the disease. Understand-
cause of irreversible involving an interplay of glaucoma. ES involves extra- ing these environmental risk
blindness world- genetic predisposition, en- coma (POAG) is the most the second most prevalent glaucoma. It arises from coma (POAG), impacting cellular deposits and stands factors is crucial for develop-
wide, poses a significant vironmental influences, common type, character- type globally, impacting exfoliation syndrome, a both intraocular pressure as the primary cause of sec- ing preventive strategies and
public health challenge with and stochastic factors. This ized by no apparent eye over 16 million individuals. condition marked by the ac- (IOP) and the rate of reti- ondary open-angle glauco- personalized treatment ap-
approximately 80 million complexity underscores the abnormalities. While muta- It occurs when the drain- cumulation of white protein- nal ganglion cell apoptosis. ma. A retrospective study of proaches. Further research
individuals affected globally. importance of exploring the tions in genes like myocilin, age angle closes, hindering like material on the lens and While few environmental over 3,300 incident ES cases into the interplay between
Alarmingly, half of these cas- delicate balance between na- optineurin, and CYP1B1 con- fluid outflow and elevating within the eye’s drainage contributors to POAG are in northern U.S. residents genetics and the environ-
es often go undiagnosed, ex- ture and nurture in shaping tribute to some cases, recent intraocular pressure. A re- system, as well as other body currently identified, certain found an increased risk of ment will deepen our un-
acerbating the risk of vision glaucoma risk. genetic studies found more cent extensive genetic inves- tissues. Genetic variations in activities like playing wind ES development, while re- derstanding of glaucoma’s
loss. In India alone, nearly prevalent risk factors. These tigation pinpointed genetic the LOXL1 and CNTNAP2 instruments, drinking cof- siding in southern latitudes complex pathogenesis and
12 million people grapple Exploring the include alterations in DNA variations linked to PACG, genes have been linked to fee, specific yoga poses, tight correlated with reduced ES pave the way for more effec-
with this condition, with a Genetic Basis of sequences near genes like particularly in or near PLE- XFG. Ongoing research aims necktie wear, and weight- risk. Furthermore, adjust- tive management and ulti-
staggering 40-50 percent Glaucoma CAV1/CAV2, CDKN2B an- KHA7, PCMTD1/ST18, and to elucidate how these genes lifting can elevate IOP, while ments for environmental mately, improved outcomes
of cases evading detection. In recent years, there has tisense RNA, TMCO1, SIX1/ COL11A1 genes. However, influence the formation of general physical exercise effects revealed associations for patients. By addressing
With projections indicating been a notable shift in un- SIX6, and LRP12/ZFPM2, the exact role of these genes protein deposits and their tends to lower it. Addition- between climatic factors like both genetic and environ-
a rise in global blindness covering the genetic origins as well as DNA loss in TBK1 in PACG remains unclear. role in glaucoma develop- ally, nutritional choices like high July temperatures and mental aspects comprehen-
attributed to glaucoma, it of glaucoma, marking a piv- and GALC, shedding light ment. dietary fat and antioxidant decreased ES risk, alongside sively, we can move closer to
becomes imperative to delve otal moment in enhancing on various genetic elements Exfoliation intake, along with lifestyle increased risk with greater reducing the burden of glau-
into its intricate mechanisms our comprehension of this associated with POAG. glaucoma (XFG) Understanding habits such as smoking and sunshine exposure. These coma and preserving vision
and risk factors. complex condition. Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), Environmental postmenopausal hormone findings suggest that factors for millions worldwide.
While glaucoma manifests Primary angle- also known as pseudoexfo- Factors in use, may influence POAG like ambient temperature
as a gradual loss of retinal Primary open- closure glaucoma liation glaucoma, impacts Glaucoma Risk development. Further re- and sunlight exposure serve The author is the Director of
ganglion cells (RGCs), its angle glaucoma (PACG) millions globally and stands Environmental factors play search is needed to fully as environmental triggers for Sathyan Eye Care Hospital &
etiology remains elusive (POAG) Primary angle-closure as the most prevalent iden- a crucial role in influencing understand their impact on ES, although other elements Coimbatore Glaucoma Foun-
despite extensive research Primary open-angle glau- glaucoma (PACG) ranks as tifiable type of open-angle primary open-angle glau- glaucoma onset. Notably, of northern latitude living, dation.

Medical tests to consider Unlocking relief: The power of functional foods for managing GERD
for women after 30 food is medicine
Small, frequent meals:
Instead of large meals, opt
for smaller, more frequent

Dr Anish Desai
The number of eggs in the To prevent fractures and meals to prevent overeat-
ovary, known as ovarian re- maintain optimal bone ing and reduce pressure
serves, decreases beginning health, osteoporosis should on the lower oesophageal
in the early 30s and rapidly be diagnosed and managed sphincter.
in the after 40. If you intend at an early stage. Gastroesophageal Reflux into the oesophagus. It’s vi- Avoid trigger foods: Cer-
to postpone conception, it is Disease (GERD) is a chronic tal to adopt an eating plan tain foods can trigger GERD
recommended to assess your HPV testing condition that affects mil- that minimizes these trig- symptoms in individuals.
ovarian reserves to learn After the age of 30, HPV lions worldwide, charac- gers while promoting over- Common trigger foods in-
Dr. Anita Kant about the choices available testing can be done in con- terized by the regurgitation all digestive health. symptoms. foods, as they can trigger re- clude spicy foods, choco-
in the event of low reserves. junction with a pap smear of stomach acid into the oe- Non-citrus fruits: Choose Whole grains: Choose flux. late, caffeine, alcohol, fatty
One of the most essential for better detection of those sophagus. This ailment can fruits like bananas, apples, whole grains like oatmeal, Herbal teas: Some herbal foods, and acidic foods.
things a woman can do for Mammogram at high risk of getting cervi- lead to discomfort, heart- pears, and melons instead brown rice, and whole teas, such as chamomile or It’s essential to keep in
herself is to take care of The American Cancer So- cal cancer. burn, and in severe cases, of citrus fruits, which can wheat bread over refined ginger tea, may help soothe mind that triggers can vary
her health. As you become ciety recommends a yearly damage to the oesophagus. exacerbate acid reflux. grains, which can aggravate GERD symptoms. Avoid from person to person, so
older, your body’s essential clinical breast examina- Lipid profile While medication can help Vegetables: Most veg- GERD. mint tea, as it can relax the it’s essential to pay attention
glands change, resulting tion by a doctor, as well as a The American Heart Asso- alleviate symptoms, dietary etables are well-tolerated, Low-fat dairy: Select lower oesophageal sphinc- to how your body responds
in increased or decreased mammogram and an MRI ciation recommends that ev- changes play a crucial role but some people find that low-fat or fat-free dairy ter, allowing acid to flow to different foods and adjust
secretion of hormones that (Magnetic Resonance Imag- ery healthy person over the in managing GERD effec- avoiding onions, garlic, and products like milk, yogurt, back into the oesophagus. your diet accordingly. Ad-
regulate a variety of meta- ing) of the breasts, after the age of 20 have a lipid profile tively. tomatoes can help reduce and cheese. Full-fat dairy Non-carbonated bever- ditionally, it’s advisable to
bolic processes. As a result, age of thirty five to forty. every four to six years, while GERD symptoms are symptoms. can worsen symptoms for ages: Drink plenty of water consult with a healthcare
you must adapt your lifestyle also concentrating on a good often triggered by certain Lean proteins: Choose some individuals. throughout the day. Avoid professional or a registered
to meet the demands of your diet and physical activity. foods and beverages that lean meats such as chicken, Healthy fats: Incorporate carbonated beverages, alco- dietitian for personalized
body. And the only method relax the lower oesophageal turkey, fish, and seafood. healthy fats from sources hol, and caffeinated drinks, dietary recommendations
to determine your body’s Pre-pregnancy sphincter (LES), allowing Avoid fried and fatty meats, like olive oil, avocados, and as they can aggravate GERD tailored to your specific
needs and deficiencies is to evaluation stomach acid to flow back as they can trigger GERD nuts. Avoid fried and greasy symptoms. needs and preferences.
first undergo medical exami- A pre-pregnancy exam is
nations. Regular diagnostic suggested for all women
tests are an important part of
this self-care practice since
they can help you identify Women with an average
considering a pregnancy,
regardless of age. This com-
prises a few tests to evaluate
What you should know about stomach cancer?
potential health issues be- risk of breast cancer can be- whether you are healthy are: treatment given based on the
fore they become significant gin mammography around enough to conceive or if • o f t e n a sy mp t o m at i c stages of cancer.
problems. With so many the age of 40, if not 35. A your sugar or thyroid levels or may present with
tests accessible, it might be stringent annual mammog- need to be corrected before nonspecific symptoms like Prevention of
difficult to determine which raphy schedule is recom- pregnancy. Also your doctor indigestion, heartburn, or stomach cancer
ones to prioritize. mended from the age of 45. may recommend a rubella stomach discomfort. • Healthy lifestyle: Maintain
If you are a lady over 30, test and if your immunity • in advanced stages a healthy weight, avoid
don’t worry; we’ve covered Pap smear is absent then vaccination unintentional weight loss, tobacco and excessive
the crucial ones! This blog Pap smear is a screening pro- is recommended before you persistent abdominal pain, alcohol consumption, and
article will discuss some of cedure for cervical cancer in try to conceive. Learning Dr. Manish Sharma nausea and vomiting, follow a balanced diet rich
the most significant diagnos- women. A pap smear is ad- about the age-related risks difficulty swallowing, in fruits and vegetables.
tic tests for women over 30. vised beginning at the age of of Down’s Syndrome and In India, stomach cancer is a blood in the stool, fatigue, • Treatment of H. pylori
But, before we get into the 21 and continuing every three medical issues that can com- major threat to health that is and a sense of fullness or i n f e c t i o n : Tr e a t i n g
specifics, let’s take a time to years until the age of 65. plicate pregnancy will help disproportionately prevalent bloating after eating small Causes of stomach signs and symptoms, make this bacterial infection
contemplate the importance you better grasp the alterna- in the nation. The incidence amounts of food could be cancer could be: an appointment with your can reduce the risk of
of self-care. So, as you reach Our bones become tives for early detection and of stomach cancer varies seen. • Helicobacter pylori physician or a medical deve l o p i n g st o m ach
your third decade of life (or weaker as we age treatment. across different regions of It is possible for symptoms infection: This bacterium oncologist. Numerous cancer.
if you are already in it), pri- Osteoporosis is a degenera- India, with higher rates re- to wait until the cancer has is a major risk factor for disorders might cause • Regular screening:
oritize your health and have tive disorder that primar- Final Words ported in certain states. progressed. Symptoms of stomach cancer. symptoms that are similar Individuals with a family
yourself tested on a regular ily affects women, causing Regular diagnostic testing Gastric cancer, another stomach cancer in its latter • Dietary factors: Eating to those of stomach cancer. history of stomach
basis. a loss of key minerals such for women is vital for main- name for stomach cancer, is stages include extreme a diet high in fruits and Your doctor may perform cancer or certain genetic
Here is the list of important as calcium from the bones, taining excellent health and a type of cancer that begins fatigue, spontaneous weight vegetables and low in tests for those other potential conditions may benefit
tests for women to consider resulting in weakness and avoiding significant health as a cell growth in the loss, vomiting blood, and items that have been causes before testing for from regular screening to
above 30 years. fragility. An estimated 80% issues. Prioritizing your stomach. Located directly dark stools. smoked, salted, or pickled stomach cancer” informed detect cancer at an early
Thyroid function tests and of women have osteoporosis, health and scheduling fre- below the ribs in the upper There could be metastatic may raise the risk. Dr. Manish Sharma. stage.
complete blood count (CBC) which worsens dramatically quent checkups might help central region of the belly is stomach cancer that has • Use of alcohol and tobacco It’s important that anyone
Mild anemia and severe after menopause. you notice any health issues the stomach. The stomach migrated to other areas of the products is linked to a Treatment and with concerns about
hypothyroidism rarely pro- Osteoporosis develops early and take proactive assists in the digestion body. It develops symptoms higher risk of stomach prognosis stomach cancer consults
duce symptoms. Knowing when estrogen levels, a criti- steps to prevent or manage and breakdown of meals. unique to the area it spreads cancer. The prognosis for stomach with medical professionals
your hemoglobin and thy- cal female sex hormone im- them. Women can empower Every area of the stomach to. For instance, lumps • Genetics: People may cancer depends on various for specific information, a
roid profiles will aid in early portant for bone health and themselves to live healthy is susceptible to stomach that are visible through be more susceptible to factors, including the stage diagnosis, and information
detection and treatment, as development, fall in women. and satisfying lives for years cancer. Stomach cancers the skin may develop if stomach cancer if they at diagnosis, the extent of on potential therapies.
well as improve your quality A bone mineral density to come by implementing the often affect the major portion cancer progresses to the have certain inherited spread, and the overall Early detection and prompt
of life. examination, often known correct preventive health- of the stomach in most of the lymph nodes. The skin and genetic diseases, such as health of the individual. treatment can significantly
as a DEXA scan, is used to care strategy. So, contact the world and are called the the whites of the eyes may hereditary diffuse gastric Generally, stomach cancer enhance outcomes.
Fertility and assess bone density and risk best diagnostic center and stomach body. turn yellow if liver cancer cancer (HDGC). diagnosed at an early stage
Pregnancy of fracture. This specific X- prioritize your health today. Stomach cancer is more develops. The belly may has a better prognosis than The author is a Sr. Medical
Evaluation ray evaluates the strength of The author is the Chairman- common in older adults and fill with fluid if the cancer When to visit a cancer that has spread ex- Oncologist at Action Cancer
This is the appropriate age bones in the spine, hips, and OBG Services & Robotic Sur- is slightly more prevalent in spreads inside the abdomen. doctor tensively. Surgery, chemo- Hospital New Delhi and Sr.
to meet with a gynaecologist wrists while the patient is ly- gery, Asian Hospital Farid- men than in women. The The abdomen may appear “If you have any concerns therapy, targeted therapy or Oncologist at Cancer Care
to determine your fertility. ing flat on the table. abad. symptoms of stomach cancer enlarged. about any of the mentioned a radiation therapy could be Clinic in Faridabad.
4
mail us at >> desk@thegoan.net

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Give all forms of Goan writing their due


We need to collate SarDessai's writings and and make these easily
One who deceives will always �nd those accessible, and respect the multi-lingual nature of Goan society
who allow themselves to be deceived.
Niccolo Machiavelli
>The writer has
been a journalist

Can the ordinance


and commentates
as a Devil’s
Advocate on Goan
life

bring down coastal


illegalities?
FREDRICK NORONHA

T L
ater this week, Goa will mark the
he State Cabinet on Monday approved an ordinance birth centenary of the much-loved
(The Goa Erection of Shacks, Temporary Structures on and popular poet-writer-critic
ManoharRai SarDessai. This follows,
Public Beaches Regulation and Control Ordinance 2023) by a decade, the centenary celebrations
exempting construction licenses from the Town and of the late Lambert Mascarenhas, who know the Portuguese language. Plus, our twenties, it became immediately
Country Planning department and panchayat for tempo- was blessed with a life long enough to be diplomatic relationships between New apparent that ‘Goan writing’ was very
alive at that time. Delhi and Lisbon had completely bro- real. It did exist, in so many genres
rary structures. Chief Minister Pramod Sawant disclosed that the As a young Goa University student ken down. By his writings on Konkani and with so much diversity. It is anoth-
ordinance will be applicable for existing as well as future struc- of the 1980s (in fact, since its very �rst literature, o�en in English, SarDessai er story that some still deny its exist-
year of operation in 1985), one got the helped so many more understand the ence, and academia is yet to adequate-
tures, but adds that necessary trade licenses will be required for chance to run into Prof SarDessai. Like wider picture. ly study and acknowledge this slice of
operating businesses. other passionate fans of the Konkani lan- SarDessai’s contribution to Goan lit- literature.
The chief minister explains that the ordinance will apply to those guage, he worked in a �eld he had not erature came in di�erent ways. Firstly, Of course, credit goes to Professor
studied. His doctorate was in French, he understood the diverse and multilin- Peter Nazareth (who recently retired
structures, which are granted approval under Beach Shack Policy but that did not hinder him from creating gual nature of Konkani literature. His from the University of Iowa) for putting
and were caught in a legal tangle in the absence of a law. the most charming of Konkani writing. ‘A history of Konkani literature: from together this work. But you can be fair-
The ordinance comes against the backdrop of the recent direc- Even a child would probably notice that 1500 to 1992’ (published in 2000) gives ly certain that SarDessai played a cru-
on reading, say, his tongue-tripping long a very insightful overview of the di�er- cial role from the Goa end. Not only did
tive by the High Court ordering the sealing of around 175 structures poem ‘Bebeachem Kazar’ (The Wedding ent phases that Konkani went through. he contribute in meaningful ways to it,
along the Anjuna coastline a�er it held that these business estab- of the Frogs). It still is compulsory reading for anyone but also made sure it got noticed in Goa
lishments had no consent to operate, no requisite permissions and SarDessai (whose name also gets spelt wanting to understand the �eld. itself.
as Manohar Rai or Manoharrai Sarde- He sees the past with broad-mind- (Together with SarDessai and Naza-
were in clear violation of coastal regulation zone rules. While the sai) came across as a gentle literary �g- edness, and not with bias or bigotry, reth, it was others like Prof P. Lal, the
court picked holes in the arguments of the local panchayat and held ure. He wore his scholarship lightly. He as is the fashion today. He gives credit founder of the Writers’ Workshop, who
didn’t strike you as arrogant or pompous, where it is due, even if Amchi Bhas was laid the seeds for more to understand
the secretary and Sarpanch guilty, the notwithstanding his Sorbonne doctorate boosted, at points of its history, by mis- why writers need space to get pub-
While the government is government, had in a swi� move to sal- and literary reputation. sionaries from distant and remote parts lished. When Lal visited and spoke at
He wore a kind face and had this abil- of the European world. the Goa University, circa 1987, he was
giving backdoor sanctity vage the situation announced that it will ity to come across as always encourag- Secondly, as mentioned above, building his Calcutta-based Writers’
through this ordinance, challenge the order in the Supreme Court. ing. Perhaps it had something to do with he connected our generation with Workshop. This venture allowed a
it must ensure that the It is apparent that the government has his so�-spoken nature; or maybe that he the past. His multilingual skills -- in number of prominent Indian writers in
ordinance is in sync with rushed with an ordinance to remedy the realised the sheer overall importance of Konkani, French, Portuguese, English, English, including Vikram Seth, to get
the work he was undertaking. Without among other languages (including Hin- �rst published... and de�nitely many
the policy in force, as situation sensing that there could be an him doing it, so much would have been di and Marathi) -- gave him unique in- from Goa too.)
mentioned by the chief injustice done to a few. The Cabinet is incomplete. sights. All this was a potent mix -- humili-
minister well within its right to go ahead with an Interestingly enough, the promotion of His literary creations were no less, ty, vast knowledge, a multi-cultural ap-
ordinance as and when it decides, and
Konkani in that generation was le� large- Goan writing and his output has been prodigious. proach, being free from biases, and act-
ly to scholars from other �elds. Equally Today, thanks to websites like books. ing as an e�ective bridge between Goa
did exist, in so
probably this was the only quick �x to help those who have been strangely, in 20th century Portuguese
many genres
google.com or scholar.google.com, one and the outside world.
times, languages like Sanskrit and Mar- can get a hint of all the works put out Goa unfortunately recognises its
out of business due to the High Court order. But the timing does athi were given acceptance in academia, and with so by SarDessai. A collection of his writ- greats only a�er they have le� us. (This
not bode well for the system when the Court is seized of the matter. but not Konkani. much diversity. ten works (maybe separately for Konka- is like readers in Goa desperately trying
The ordinance may bail out a few who are trapped in a legal Even a�er 1961, the intense Mara- ni and other languages) is surely long to locate books only once they are out-
thi-Konkani controversy (a glance at the
It is another overdue. of-print.) But better late than never.
quagmire, but in a system that is smudged with corruption and Assembly archives of those times gives a story that some Most importantly, SarDessai was a To pay tribute to someone like Dr
illegalities where the thin line between temporary and permanent hint) only delayed the academic study of still deny its crucial reason why some of us try our SarDessai, as suggested above, we need
structures blur to a point where there is a fear that genuine viola- Konkani. So, it was le� to scholars like existence, and best to focus on Goan writing (in di- to make sure that greater importance is
Lucio Rodrigues (a professor of English), verse languages). He made people like given to all forms of Goan writing (in
tors could �nd this as a safety net to good e�ect. It is obvious that L.A. Rodrigues (a professor of Portu- academia is yet me aware of the Peter Nazareth anthol- whatever language, and script). That
the coastline has been a hub of illegalities where laws are bent guese) and Rocky Miranda (who taught to adequately ogy, in which he had an concise yet in- the works of this talented writer are
seamlessly and large-scale corruption rampant. It may be noted Hindi) to take up the Konkani cause. study and sightful essay. (See Journal of South collated and made easily available and
They did a �ne job, and so did SarD- acknowledge Asian Literature, Vol. 18, No. 1, ‘Goan accessible. And, that the multi-lingual
that even the court has been appalled at the level of violations. essai. To me, he played a crucial role in Literature: A Modern Reader (Winter, nature of Goan society is duly acknowl-
While the government is giving backdoor sanctity through this bridging the lost generation (ours) of the this slice of Spring 1983), pp. 82-86.) edged, and we create the space for all to
1960s and 1970s. We were born too late to literature Once we read that as youngsters in �ourish, get translated and thrive.
ordinance, it must ensure that the ordinance is in sync with the
policy in force, as mentioned by the chief minister. And if it match-
es the policy, we don’t understand the need to put a veil of secrecy
over it. The �ne print of the ordinance has been a closely guarded
THE INBOX >> I
secret with no details made available. Why charge air passengers I had the privilege of interacting with
Nonetheless, the onus is on the Tourism Department and it will SC ruling on poll bonds beacon of hope Dayanand Bandodkar and I recollect

have to set the line between temporary and permanent and be-
extra convenience fees? The Supreme Court on Monday (March 11) has �nally dismissed
with nostalgia witnessing those great
debates in the Legislative Assembly and
When we book tickets through any a plea �led by the State Bank of India (SBI) seeking an extension his pointed but witty replies. Dayanand
tween legal and illegal. It is the guardian of the coast and has been airline’s site a�er the itinerary, routes, till June 30 to disclose details of electoral bonds encashed by Bandodkar dared to speak from his
entrusted with the major responsibility of a licensing authority for seats, and if needed food and travel political parties, and has now asked it to furnish the details by heart and always walked the talk. It is
insurance are selected the total amount the close of business hours on March 12. Well, it should be noted
all temporary structures. On that count, it may be pointed out the is displayed. Once we con�rm the details
imperative that students in our schools
that in a landmark verdict delivered on February 15, a �ve-judge and colleges today should be made
tourism department has failed so far to reign in illegalities along the �nal amount to be paid is shown constitution Bench had scrapped the Centre’s electoral bonds aware of the very rich and invaluable
the coast such as extended beach beds, hawking and other pre- along with taxes and hundreds of rupees scheme that allowed anonymous political funding, calling it contribution to Goa by Dayanand Ban-
as ‘convenience fees.’ What are these “unconstitutional” and had directed the SBI to furnish details of dodkar who cannot be consigned as our
vailing nuisances. The ‘cleanliness’ point in the shack policy ap- ‘convenience fees’ and why are these each electoral bond encashed by political parties to the Election forgotten hero.
pears to be long forgotten. charged when the tickets are booked Commission (EC) by March 6. Unfortunately, the SBI on March 4 AIRES RODRIGUES, Ribandar
The question is not about who is the authority here, the question directly from the airlines and not from had hurriedly moved (obviously at the behest of PM Modi led BJP
is whether illegalities can be curbed. The ordinance may open a
a travel site? Is it because we book the government at the centre) an application in the Supreme Court Sandeshkali, Manipur issues
tickets from the comfort of our homes
new door for those in the grip of the court, but the government and o�ces? As such we are made to
seeking an extension till June 30. Well, the good news is that
the Supreme Court has now said the requisite information on expose BJP’s double standards
shell out extra for window, aisle and electoral bonds was “su�ciently available” with the bank and Narendra Modi speaking at a public rally
must understand that it is also showing a window of hope to oth- most of the middle seats and the prices in Jorhat, Upper Assam the other day
the submissions of the SBI through its application itself indicate
ers sunk in the sands of illegalities. vary depending on the preferred rows. that the information sought is readily available whilst dismissing said that the Congress had neglected
Further, exorbitant prices are charged for the application moved by SBI seeking extension till June 30 to the North East and that the BJP had
food and drinks. The Directorate-General disclose the details of the electoral bonds to the election com- brought in development in 5 years which
of Civil Aviation and Ministry of Civil Avia- mission. A big salute to the Supreme Court for this great verdict the Congress would not have been able
tion need to instruct the airlines to clarify and giving hope for every Indian citizen of this country. to do in 20. This is not in support or de-
the ‘convenience fees’ and to forthwith JERRY FERNANDES, Saligao fence of the Congress on the issue of the
stop charging the passengers. Hope neglect of the North East but similarly
OPEN SPACE >> a day will not come when the airlines
‘guarantees’ before making new ones.
is Modi not neglecting Manipur which
would charge extra and di�erent rates has been simmering with violence and a

Defective speed governors


ARWIN MESQUITA, Colva breakdown in law and order for the last
for boarding and alighting from the front
and rear of the airplanes. Remembering Goa’s �rst 1 year? He has not thought it �t to visit

could create problems SRIDHAR D’IYER, Caranzalem Manipur even once despite the shame-

BJP leadership must deliver CM Dayanand Bandodkar ful atrocities on women there. And he
then comments on the crimes against

I
On March 12, we observe the birth women in Sandeshkali in Bengal. This
t is learnt that rent-a-cab and taxi owners have claimed that many accidents
are taking place due to defective speed governors. According to vehicle own- on earlier guarantees anniversary of Goa’s �rst Chief Minister is again not in support of the TMC but
ers, many of the speed governors which have been �tted are causing sudden The latest BJP election Campaign in- Dayanand Bandodkar who assumed to draw an equivalence and highlight
drop in the speed of the vehicles and at times sudden acceleration. This can cludes “ Modi ki guarantee”. The BJP o�ce on December 20,1963 and con- Modi’s double standards. Further the
prove very dangerous. On the whole the use of speed governors could have a marketing team must be commended tinued as Chief Minister till his sudden Send your NCW continues to pursue the need for
negative side to it. It could mean that the driver does not have complete control for great marketing since 2014 but in death on August 12, 1973. A�ectionate- letters to us President’s rule in Bengal while ignoring
over the vehicle. This can prove risky if the speed drops while overtaking an- these 10 years we see a very poor de- ly referred to by all as ‘Bhausaheb’ he at editor@ a similar need in Manipur, Madhya
other vehicle or while climbing a steep slope. Sudden drop in speed of a vehicle livery on these guarantees/promises. relentlessly raised and pursued issues Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh
can result in another vehicle banging from the back which can even result in For Goa in particular, it was (A) Zero per concerning the backward, down-trod- thegoan.net. where rape of women, gang-rape at that,
a pile up due to collision of several vehicles. It is a fact that overspeeding does cent tolerance to corruption, (2) Goa as den, and neglected communities. Letters must and dastardly crimes against women
lead to accidents. However the driver not having total control on the vehicle as a defecation free (3) +50,000 jobs (4) Har He toiled with a vision and passion be 150-200 are rampant and more or less a daily
towards laying the foundations of Goa’s occurrence. There cannot be one rule for
result of speed governors can also prove dangerous. At times sudden speeding Ghar Jal (Water!) (5) Recovery of mining words and the goose and another for the gander.
becomes necessary to avoid a crash. The pros and cons of using speed gover- loot of thousands of crores and prose- development which he very ably man-
nors need to be taken into consideration. cuting those politicians responsible for aged, including Daman and Diu with mention the Equity in observation and consequential
ADELMO FERNANDES, Vasco the same; etc . I request the BJP lead- just two Ministers during his �rst term writer’s name justice is important.
ership to please deliver on your earlier and later three. As a school student and location S KAMAT, Mysore

Printed and Published by: Pramod Acharya on behalf of Fomento Media. Editor: Joel Afonso (Responsible for selection of News under PRB Act). Disclaimer: Except for the editorials above, all columns and letters represent the views of the
Printed at: Elegant O�set Printers Pvt Ltd, Shed No. D�-��, Thivim Industrial Estate, All Rights Reserved. concerned authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of The Goan Everyday’s Editor,
Karaswada, Mapusa, Goa. Editorial O�ce: Third Floor, Fourth Estate (Kamat Metropolis), St Inez, Panaji 403 001, Goa. Publisher and Owners.
Published at: Villa Flores da Silva, Erasmo Carvalho Street, PO Box 31, Margao 403 601, Goa. Ph: (0832) 240 5950 or mail us at editor@thegoan.net For circulation issues, please call (0832) 2450000 or mail: circulation@thegoan.net
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Jaipur, Tuesday | March 12, 2024 www.firstindia.co.in firstindia.co.in/epapers/jaipur thefirstindia thefirstindia thefirstindia

PERSPECT VE 06

How right or wrong is CM Bhajan IN-DEPTH

CONSERVE WATER
Lal’s move to end VIP culture? TO AVOID CRISIS
LIKE BENGALURU’S
engaluru’s water crisis even before the ad-
B vent of summer is symptomatic of a nation-
al problem. India’s IT capital is unable to
provide its daily requirement of 2100 million litres
of water to its residents, especially to those living in
high rises and remote areas. At present around 1450
mld of supply is coming from the Cauvery river yet
there is a daily shortfall of 150-200 mld. The Banga-
lore Water Supply and Sewerage Board acknowl-
edged the shortage of groundwater but called it a
natural calamity and not due to mismanagement.
Moni Excessive groundwater depletion along with rapid
urbanization at the cost of water bodies is responsible
Sharma for water scarcity not only in Bangalore but also in
The writer is Editor, News India. There are several other causes like climate
at First India change, irregular rainfall, industrialization and poor
water management responsible for the shortage. In-
creasing population and depleting water resources
will only aggravate the problem. To avoid a Bengal-
uru-like situation happening in other cities there is
an urgent need to conserve water.

SUPREME COURT GIVES


SBI ONLY ONE CHOICE

hajan Lal year 2022 also came into

B Government
has taken a
bold
commenda-
and
limelight when he was go-
ing from Ahmedabad to
Gandhinagar by road. At
that time, along with the
ble decision by ending the common people, even the
‘VIP culture tradition’ that A historic decision by Chief Minister Bhajan Lal ambulance was stuck in the
has been going on for dec- Sharma, a big initiative towards ending VIP traffic jam to evacuate his
ades in Rajasthan. People culture. That is, now the CM should also be treated convoy. Immediately the
have said, ‘If there is a like a common man. Since the CM is also a common Prime Minister stopped his
Chief Minister, then it is man and a public servant, he should be treated like convoy and got the ambu- hat made the State Bank of India to come up
like this’.
A historic decision by
a common man. This is the reason why CM Bhajan
Lal, who was connected to the grassroots level,
lance taken out. The video
of this incident went viral on
W with the plea seeking time till June 30 to pro-
vide information on electoral bond buyers
Chief Minister Bhajan Lal took a big decision. He has instructed the DGP that social media and was also and redeemers the bank’s CMD would know better.
Sharma, a big initiative to- now the Chief Minister will also walk on the road appreciated. Recently, dur- By not disclosing the information which the Supreme
wards ending VIP culture. like a common man ing his visit to Varanasi in Court had asked for, the SBI has only invited trouble
That is, now the CM should December, PM Modi had for itself. On Monday Chief Justice of India DY
‘RAM RAJYA’ also be treated like a com-
mon man. Since the CM is
slowed down his convoy to
make way for an ambu-
Chandrachud, who headed a five-judge Bench, asked
SBI the most obvious question, “What were you do-
CULTURE also a common man and a
public servant, he should be
state from this jam.
This can be called a
only 3 months have passed
since Bhajan Sarkar was in
lance. There is no doubt that
such incidents and decisions
ing during the last 26 days?” The Bench was also
warned of contempt in case of non-compliance with
treated like a common man. commendable step to en- power. By ending the ‘tradi- make the image of leaders its order which enjoins that the information be pro-
This is the reason why CM hance the image of grass- tion of VIP movement’ that bright and respectable. vided to the Election
Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Bhajan Lal, who was con- roots leader Bhajan Lal had been going on for many Chief Minister Bhajan Commission by 5 pm
Sharma has also alleg- nected to the grassroots Sharma. By taking this big decades, the CM has defi- Lal Sharma has also alleg- on March 12. The EC
edly established his ‘Ram’ level, took a big decision. decision, Bhajan govern- nitely taken a big and suc- edly established his ‘Ram’ has been instructed
image in the minds of the He has instructed the DGP ment has made even a big cessful decision. Due to this image in the minds of the to upload those de-
people of the state by end- that now the Chief Minister post like Chief Minister decision, the convoys of the people of the state by end- tails on its website by
ing the VIP culture on the will also walk on the road look easy. When the CM’s Chief Minister as well as ing the VIP culture on the March 15. A Constitution Bench
roads. That means ‘Ram like a common man. This convoy stopped in the traf- other VIPs will have to stop roads. That means ‘Ram Accepting SBI’s had on February 15
Rajya’ will run under his means that his convoy will fic for the first time under at the red light and that too Rajya’ will run under his request would have struck down the
rule where every kind of now move through the traf- this initiative and the peo- without blowing the hooter. rule where every kind of meant the informa- electoral bonds
problem of the people of fic like a common man and ple standing there saw it, In a way, this latest deci- problem of the people of tion about who is scheme as
the state will be seen and will stop in the traffic when they spontaneously said sion of the Rajasthan gov- the state will be seen and funding which party “unconstitutional”
heard, after which it will there is a red light. ‘Chief Minister ho to aisa’. ernment has once again heard, after which it will by purchasing elec- and directed the SBI
also be solved. Earlier, about 10 to 15 This step can also be called pointed towards ending the also be solved. This deci- toral bonds being to furnish the
minutes before the depar- commendable and bold be- VIP culture. Perhaps this is sion of Bhajan government made public after the required details. Two
This decision of Bhajan
ture of the CM’s convoy, cause Chief Minister the first time of its kind in will become a medium of Lok Sabha elections petitions were filed
government will become
inspiration for other states against the SBI for its
a medium of inspiration the traffic on all sides was Bhajan Lal has seen the Rajasthan where an initia- would have defeated
delaying tactic and
for other states also and stopped due to VIP move- traffic coming to a halt tive has been taken to end also and will help in the purpose of elec-
said that opaqueness
will help in smoothening ment. After the convoy left, many times due to his con- VIP culture. Let us also re- smoothening the way for toral bonds which,
was detrimental for
the way for the concept of there was a traffic jam on voy. CM also observed that mind you that in September the concept of considering the government said electoral democracy
considering this ‘people’ the roads for a long time. At due to VIP movement, 2013, the Supreme Court in this ‘people’ as ‘Janardan’. in 2018, is to “en-
as ‘Janardan’. such times, even the ambu- common people have to one of its decisions had The conclusion is that the hance transparency
The conclusion is that the lances coming from there face a lot of problems, due asked for limited use of red decision of the state CM and accountability”
decision of the state CM used to get stuck in the traf- to which this decision was lights. Under this, on May 1, Bhajan Lal Sharma to end in political funding of elections.
Bhajan Lal Sharma to end fic jam due to which serious taken. That is, this notion 2017, the Central Govern- the VIP culture is a salut- A Constitution Bench had on February 15 struck
the VIP culture is a salut- patients faced a lot of trou- has already settled in the ment had ended the culture ing decision and many down the electoral bonds scheme as “unconstitu-
ing decision and many ble. Since JLN Marg is a minds of the people that the of red beacon in VVIP vehi- such sensitive decisions tional” and directed the SBI to furnish the required
such sensitive decisions busy area of the city and Chief Minister pays atten- cles. After that, there was a are hidden in the future details. Two petitions were filed against the SBI for
are hidden in the future due to the CM’s residence tion to every small problem ban on installing red beacon which will definitely prove its delaying tactic and said that opaqueness was det-
which will definitely prove near OTS intersection, and also acts on it. Before on any vehicle including the the Bhajan government as rimental for electoral democracy.
the Bhajan government as there is VIP movement sev- now, such a decision had President, Prime Minister a service-oriented govern- The SBI now has only two options: Furnish details
a service-oriented govern- eral times a day, he has rarely been taken in the po- and Chief Ministers. ment. Will prove to be a of donors and the amount donated along with the ben-
ment. Will prove to be a taken a sensitive decision litical history of Rajasthan. Prime Minister Narendra milestone in establishing. eficiary parties or face contempt for “willful disobedi-
milestone in establishing. and freed the people of the It is also noteworthy that Modi’s visit to Gujarat in the THE VIEWS EXPRESSED BY ence of court order”. It has just a day to comply.

Hon. PM Shri @narendramodi Ji, today 13th March is going to be a


TOP inaugurated and laid the foundation stone landmark day in Bharat’s emergence
SPIRITUAL SPEAK
TWEETS of 112 National Highway projects, including
the Dwarka Expressway, all valued at about Rs. 1
as a global hub for electronics
manufacturing and design. Hon. PM @
lakh crore from Gurugram, Haryana. These projects narendramodi ji is going to lay the foundation The soul can never be cut into
will play a crucial role in expanding the national stone of 3 semiconductor facilities in Gujarat
highway network and fostering socio-economic and Assam to give impetus to the
pieces by any weapon nor burned
development throughout the country. #IndiaSemiconductorMission. by fire, nor moistened by water,
Jagat Prakash Nadda Dharmendra Pradhan nor withered by the wind..!!
(Modi Ka Parivar) @JPNadda (मोोदीी काा परि�वाार) @dpradhanbjp BHAGAVAD GITA
l Vol 5 l Issue No. 276 l RNI NO. RAJENG/2019/77764. Printed and published by Anita Hada Sangwan on behalf of First Express Publishers. Printed at Bhaskar Printing Press, D.B. Corp Limited, Shivdaspura, Tonk Road, Jaipur. Published at 304, 3rd Floor,
City Mall, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302001, Rajasthan. Phone 0141-4920504. l Editor-In-Chief: Dr Jagdeesh Chandra l Managing Editor: Pawan Arora l Editor: Anita Hada Sangwan responsible for selection of news under the PRB Act
millenniumpost
SILIGURI | TUESDAY, 12 MARCH, 2024 Opinion 7
Expediting the progress
Credit to wide-ranging business reforms initiated in recent years, the ease of doing business has undergone
remarkable improvement in the country — fostering economic growth and generating employment
A consequential void
I
t has been encouraging process through e-Governance,
to witness the journey enabling online submission

S
that India has traversed and monitoring of proposals.
everal weeks ahead of the high-stake General Elec- in its business environ- Nine, to address the issue
tions, the Constitutional body responsible for the AJAY S SHRIRAM ment over the past decade. of delayed payments and pro-
conduct of the polls lies in disarray. Following the Significant efforts have been vide a platform for speedy
retirement of Anup Chandra Pandey, another elec- made to reduce regulatory bur- resolution, GoI has launched
tion commissioner, Arun Goel, resigned from his post — den for businesses by way of the MSME Samadhaan Por-
leaving Chief Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar as the rationalising compliances and tal, allowing MSMEs to lodge
sole member left. Arun Goel’s resignation has exposed the rolling out transparent poli- complaints regarding delayed
vulnerabilities faced by the current electoral landscape at cies. Reforms, encompassing payments and seek time-bound
various levels. the entire life cycle of a busi- redressal from the concerned
ness, from starting, running parties. Other key reforms
Goel’s resignation at this critical juncture is itself a and exiting, have been, and for MSMEs include introduc-
cause of concern. The exact cause of his resignation is are being implemented, result- tion of Online Registration –
not yet known. Multiple speculations are floating around ing in economic growth and Udyam Registration, opening
— from the accusations of political pressure to the lure employment generation. of a dedicated grievance cell
of political/non-political office. Whatever be the reason, That doing business in India and launch of ‘MSME Sam-
his departure from his role has left the country’s electoral is getting easier is endorsed by bandh Portal’ to monitor the
landscape in a state of flux. More clarity on the matter will leading global institutions. progress of procurement by
come only after passage of time, but for now, the priority Significant According to the ‘Doing Busi- India’s improved ease of doing business is endorsed by leading global institutions government enterprises from
has to be to fill the void left after Goel’s resignation. The ness Report’ of the World Bank, MSMEs.
water here is no less murky. Though there is hardly any efforts have India’s global ranking consis- ranked based on different crite- on NSWS is imperative. of procedures for exports and Ten, with a view to bring
obstruction in getting the two ECs appointed, the problem been made tently improved from 142nd in ria. With a sense of competitive Four, the Insolvency and imports. Some of the major transparency and accountabil-
lies in the appointment process. The selection of new ECs 2015 to 63rd in 2020, and the federalism, States have stepped Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2016 initiatives include, introduc- ity in enforcement of labour
is likely to take place in a few days’ time under the Chief to reduce revamped version, due to be up their initiatives, and pro- has transformed India’s insol- tion of an online Single Win- laws, GoI has launched the
Election Commissioner and Other Election Commis- regulatory released soon, is likely to show gressively introduced policies vency and bankruptcy land- dow Interface for Facilitating ‘Shram Suvidha Portal’, which
sioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of further improvement. The that support businesses and scape. IBC has facilitated Trade (SWIFT), the revamped provides for allotment of a
Office) Act, 2023. burden for IMD’s World Competitiveness reduce time for clearances. resolution of a large number of Authorised Economic Oper- Unique Labour Identification
businesses Index 2023 showed India bet- Two, the implementation of stressed assets, with about 273 ator (AEO) programme, the Number to all establishments,
The recently passed Act mandates the selection of the tering its performance from GST in 2017 paved the way for companies having been suc- Integrated Risk Management filing of self-certified returns
ECs through a high-level selection committee headed by by way of 71 in 2014 to 40th position in overhauling indirect tax laws. cessfully addressed in 2023, up System (RMS), and Direct and a provision for transpar-
the Prime Minister and consisting of the Leader of Oppo- rationalising 2023. The World Bank’s Logis- It led to a significant reduction from 160 in 2022, resulting in Port Delivery (DPD) facility. ent labour inspection.
sition and a Union Minister. This is a major deviation tics Performance Index 2023 in transaction costs and sim- creditors realising Rs 67,000 As a consequence, the cost of Needless to say, reforms
from the earlier provision which ensured the participa- compliances reported India moving to 38th plified procedures for compli- crore of dues in 2023, up from undertaking both exports as are an ongoing process and
tion of the Chief Justice of India in the selection process. and rolling out position (out of 139 countries) ance and filing of tax returns. Rs 20,860 crore in 2022. well as imports has been on there is always scope for fur-
The new composition, reflecting clear executive domi- in 2023, up from 54th rank in Further, One-Nation-One- Five, the introduction of a decline. ther improvement. We are
nance, casts a dark shadow on the political impartiality of transparent 2014. In fact, reducing logistics Tax rate helped remove the the Jan Vishwas Act 2023 has Seven, GoI has introduced encouraged by the feedback
the selection process. In the current scheme of things, it policies cost is now a focus area of the disparity of VAT rates applied been a great relief to industry the India Industrial Land Bank mechanism that has been insti-
looks highly improbable that the Union Minister would government in order to facili- across States. In a recent devel- as it has decriminalised 183 (IILB), which acts as a reposi- tutionalised by way of setting
differ in opinion from the Prime Minister. Moreover, this tate Indian Industry to com- opment, the government has provisions, which are minor, tory of all industrial infrastruc- up the “Joint Government-CII
executive-dominated selection committee has its task nar- pete globally. This is evident by announced 31 state benches technical, or procedural, cov- ture-related information such Task force on Ease of Doing
rowly cut out; it will make its selection from a list of five the huge capital budget outlays of the GST Appellate Tribunal, ering 42 central Acts. Substan- as connectivity and vacant Business”. The Central Gov-
presented by a Search Committee headed by the Union for the Rail, Road, and Ports which shall help timely resolu- tial decriminalisation has been plot-level information. It will ernment has been proactively
Law Minister and comprising Union Home Secretary and sectors. tion of disputes. carried out under the Com- provide crucial decision-mak- seeking industry suggestions,
Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) Secretary. While it would not be pos- Three, DPIIT in 2021 panies Act too. Besides saving ing information for investors many of which have been
The President, of course, would put the final stamp on the sible to elaborate on an exhaus- launched the National Sin- time and cost of legal trials for seeking land to set up their implemented. We must uti-
selected candidates. If, in principle, the question of impar- tive list of business reforms gle Window System (NSWS), businesses, decriminalisation facilities. lise the window of the next 25
tiality is thrown asunder, very little is left to say about introduced in recent years, which digitally integrates the shall curb rise of pending cases Eight, significant efforts years available to us and pro-
what would unfold in practice. The citizens will be left to let me mention ten key ini- requirements of regulatory in the courts and reduce delays are underway to streamline vide gainful employment to
unconditionally rely upon the conscience of the selected tiatives of the Government of approvals and renewals from in disposal of disputes. As an environmental rules and reg- the youth of this country. It is
candidates. India (GoI) that have positively 32 central ministries. The cen- encouraging sign, the Gov- ulations, including initiatives imperative that we maintain
impacted ease of doing busi- tralised NSWS has several ernment has started working like PARIVESH 2.0, the Green this momentum to improve
Interestingly, Jaya Thakur of the Congress has peti- ness in the country. unique features, like Know on the next version of the Jan Credit Rules, and amend- national competitiveness in
tioned before the Supreme Court to prevent the Cen- First, the Department for Your Approvals, availability Vishwas Act. ments to key acts such as the order to achieve the goal of
tral government from utilising the CEC Act, 2023, for Promotion of Industry and of a dashboard for checking Six, enhanced trade facili- Forest Conservation Act, Air becoming a developed nation
appointing two new Election Commissioners. The Act’s Internal Trade (DPIIT), the the status of applications on tation has been a priority of Act, Water Act, and Environ- by 2047.
validity remains contested, notably for excluding the Chief nodal GoI department for a real-time basis, and so on. the government, which has ment Protection Act. They have The writer is Chairman,
Justice of India from the selection panel. While agreeing to steering business reforms, has The NSWS is being continu- resulted in India’s global rank- improved transparency, facil- CII Task Force on Ease of
hear petitions, the Supreme Court previously declined to guided States since 2014 under ously improved based on feed- ing to improve from 133 in itated business growth, and Doing Business and Chairman
issue an interim stay on the controversial law. the ‘Business Reforms Action back from industry. To get 2015 to 68 in 2020. Reforms preserved the environment. & Senior Managing Director,
Plan’ (BRAP). Based on their the full benefit of this portal, have largely been in the area of PARIVESH 2.0 has enhanced DCM Shriram Ltd.
Opposition parties, civil society, and legal experts have performance, States / UTs are onboarding all states effectively harmonisation and automation the efficiency of the appraisal Views expressed are personal
voiced apprehensions regarding the implications of these

Swelling slums
developments on the democratic fabric of the country.
The ECI must remain insulated from partisan influ-
ence and uphold its mandate to ensure free, fair, and
transparent elections. It is imperative that the govern-
ment addresses the concerns raised by various stakehold-
ers and takes concrete steps to restore public trust in the
independence and integrity of the Election Commission.
This entails revisiting the appointment process, ensur-
ing broader representation in the selection commit-
tee, and upholding the principles of accountability and Exacerbated by rapid urbanisation, urban slums, where large number of Indians reside,
transparency.
are expanding — necessitating inclusive governance and sensible urban planning

T
hese days, slum wage cuts and eight per cent
AMIT BAIJNATH GARG settlements have saw other effects.
become a prob- According to a study pub-

DearEditor lem for the world.


According to estimates, about
a quarter of the world’s urban
lished in the International
Journal of Environment and
Pollution, weather patterns are
population lives in slums. This changing in Asia due to pol-
A SILENT THREAT is a big problem in India also. lution from slum settlements.
In the coming 10 years, 50 per On one hand, the wind speed
Despite the ban on plastic bags and compostable plastic bags cent of India’s population will is increasing, and on the other
for carrying or dispensing commodities across the country, start living in cities. 28 per hand, the rainfall is decreasing.
they are still extensively used, especially for packaging food cent of India’s current popu- Climate models have already
lation already lives in cities. indicated that local pollution
in hotels. Items like tea, coffee, milk, sambar, rasam, and hot
This huge increase in urban can influence the formation and
curry are commonly packed in plastic bags within hotels. population will have a direct development of cyclonic storms.
Many doctors have expressed their worry that there is an impact on their habitat. There It is noteworthy that many big
increase in the number of people suffering from kidney and will be a rapid increase in the cities are situated on the east
throat ailments, cancer, and infertility in the city due to the population living in slums in coast of India, which are regu-
consumption of hot food items carried in low-quality plastic the coming years. Accord- larly affected by storms between
bags or boxes. When hot food or liquid is packed in a plastic ing to a report, there are slum October and December every
bag, toxic chemicals like styrene and bisphenol can leach into areas in 2,613 cities of India. A year. Millions of people living
the food, potentially leading to cancer, heart diseases, and Weather large population lives in these in the slums of these cities still
other reproductive problems. Therefore, the Department of patterns are settlements. Of these, 57 per use wood as fuel for cooking,
Food Safety must enforce a ban on packing hot edible items, cent of the population lives in which produces large amounts
including beverages, in plastic bags and harmful containers, changing in Asia Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, of biomass particles that end up
particularly in cities. Hoteliers and owners of tea and due to pollution Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and in the air. These polluted par-
coffee shops should be instructed not to use plastic bags or Maharashtra. ticles, which remain chemically
containers for packing hot edible items. Additionally, traders
from slum Delhi is the sixth larg- in the air in cities for a long
should prominently display announcements in their business settlements est metropolis in the world. Slum dwellers remain insulated from the relief funds and benefits provided under numerous government schemes time, are affecting the process
establishments, urging customers to bring their own vessels Despite this, one-third of the of cloud condensation nuclei in
for purchasing any edible items. houses here are part of slum live in slums. There are dirty per cent. In Andhra Pradesh, Indian cities, where people the clouds.
areas. Even basic resources are drains in these settlements. 4 36.1 per cent of the urban live in dense clusters. Accord- In reality, the benefits of
— VIJAYKUMAR HK, RAICHUR via email not available there. According out of every 10 do not have population lives in slums. A ing to the National Service government schemes reach
to a recently released report, access to basic facilities like large part of the urban popu- Scheme Round survey, as of only a small section of the
millenniumpost.in every sixth urban citizen in clean water. The people living lation of Chhattisgarh, Mad- 2012, there were about 6,343 intended beneficiaries. Most
the country is forced to live in in these slums are the result of hya Pradesh, Maharashtra, slums in Delhi, with more of the relief funds and bene-
Log on to write letters to the editor or send them to slums. These settlements are political games and adminis- Odisha, West Bengal, Sikkim, than one million houses. 52 fits do not reach slum inhab-
letter2editor.mp@gmail.com. You can also send your comments to The Editor, not fit for human habitation. trative neglect. Actually, slum Jammu and Kashmir and per cent of the total popula- itants. The main reason for
Millennium Post, Pratap Bhawan, 5 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 The person living here is forced area means illegal urban set- Haryana live in the slums. tion of Delhi lived here. About this is that these settlements
to live a low standard of liv- tlements on public land. Usu- According to a report, 64.1 81 per cent of the country’s are not officially recognised
ing. Statistics show that every ally, it develops continuously per cent of the houses liv- population works in the infor- by the government. The coun-
third urban family in Andhra and irregularly over a period ing in slums of Odisha have mal sector. It may be recalled try has seen a lack of proper
Pradesh lives in these slums. 9 of time. Slum areas are con- not yet attained clean drink- that the sudden imposition social distancing measures and

TWEET OF THE DAY out of every 10 houses in Odi-


sha have no drainage facility.
Slum settlements can be seen
sidered an integral part of
urbanisation and are seen as
an expression of the overall
ing water. On the other hand,
90.6 per cent of the houses in
these settlements do not have
of the complete Covid lock-
down had severely affected the
livelihoods of slum dwellers.
this has had a huge impact on
our ability to fight the mal-
aise. Thus, new approaches to
in 65 per cent of the cities of socio-economic policies and any arrangement for drainage. Delhi saw a large number of urban planning and effective
Electoral BondsSBI’s application for extension of the country. Despite being plans in the urban area. There remains a risk of spread- reverse migrations after the governance are the need of the
time to reveal details only in June, not by March 13, a part of the dazzling world In the slum areas, most of ing diseases here. first lockdown. Thousands of hour. It is important to take
2024, as directed by the Supreme Court When SBI of cities, the people living in the people live in poverty. The A total of 65.49 million migrant workers went back to necessary actions to build sus-
these settlements are still in literacy rate is low in these people live in 13.7 million their hometowns. During this tainable, strong and inclusive
tried to stall KAPIL SIBAL
darkness. places. However, the literacy slum houses in the coun- period, about 70 per cent of infrastructure.
The Court stood tall ! @KapilSibal
Statistics show that 6 out of rate in Dharavi, the coun- try. Slums and slum areas the slum population became The writer is a senior journalist.
every 10 people in the country try’s largest slum area, is 69 exist around 65 per cent of unemployed, 10 per cent had Views expressed are personal
Our Opinion, Their Opinion ,, A man who dares to waste

8 one hour of time has not


discovered the value of life.
 Charles Darwin, English Scientist

EasternChronicle India’s smart foreign policy game


KOLKATA, MARCH 12, TUESDAY, 2024

India, a huge price India’s foreign policy is displaying maturity and confidence, India is strengthening its
engagement with the Gulf nations particularly those within Gulf Cooperation Council
sensitive market KRITIKA PANDEY Additionally, details on defense coop- development, and maritime security.

I I
ndia, being a price-sensitive nation, relies heav- eration should be established. Qatar It is anticipated that once the situ-
ndia’s foreign policy is display- and India share a robust bilateral ations in Iran and Israel stabilize,
ily on the costs of essential commodities when ing maturity and confidence as trade relationship, with Qatar serv- the partnership will deepen fur-
making various decisions, including election it effectively manages its nor- ing as India’s primary provider of ther. Oman’s location at the Strait
outcomes. While factors like caste, religion, and malization process with Israel LNG and LPG. There is a significant of Hormuz is of great importance to
anti-incumbency do have an impact, the prices of while remaining steadfast in presence of 835,000 Indian workers India’s energy security, as any dis-
essential commodities play a crucial role in shaping its support for the Palestinian cause. and 15,000 Indian businesses in Qatar. ruptions could have an impact on
voter preferences. Recognizing this traditional wis- At the same time, India is strength- Both nations have inked agree- nations reliant on oil. Egypt’s strate-
dom, Union Consumer Affairs Minister PiyushGoyal ening its engagement with the Gulf ments related to labor, employment, gic position, large territory, and siza-
has made a commitment to maintain stable prices nations, particularly those within and manpower development, along ble population make it crucial in the
for essential food items during elections. Over the the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) with Qatar’s pledge to invest $35 Middle East. Throughout history, its
such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, billion in India’s petrochemical cultural and economic strength has
past few years, the government has allocated approx- Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. These industry. They have also collaborated made it globally significant. India’s
imately Rs 28,000 crore to the price stabilization fund countries not only fulfill almost Modi has made numerous visits Partnership Agreement to increase on naval issues since 2008. Despite foreign policy focused on Nasserist
in its fight against food inflation. half of India’s energy requirements to the Gulf countries (excluding trade. India has strengthened its pressure from Pakistan, Qatar has Egypt due to their shared leanings
This commitment reflects the government’s deter- but also host the largest diaspora of Kuwait), establishing a personal agreements with ASEAN countries maintained a neutral stance on the towards the Soviet Union during
mination to prioritize the well-being of its citizens. overseas Indians, totaling 9.5 million rapport with the leaders of each of by implementing a permanent bilat- Kashmir conflict. The recent par- the Cold War. However, relations
The minister’s assurance emphasizes the importance individuals. Furthermore, they con- the five GCC countries. This recent eral safeguard mechanism and defin- don of eight Indian naval officers deteriorated after Nehru’s pass-
of food security in the socio-political dynamics of our tribute significantly to India’s annual camaraderie, coupled with a focus ing rules of origin. The agreement accused of espionage can be attrib- ing and Egypt’s defeat by Israel in
nation. Essential food items are the foundation of sus- remittances, amounting to $125 bil- on revitalizing bilateral commercial also aims to boost bilateral invest- uted to the close rapport between the 1967. The situation worsened under
tenance for millions of households across India, and lion, and rank as the second largest ties, is yielding positive results. The ment flows. During the Crown Prince Emir of Qatar and Prime Minister President Sadat, as Prime Minister
market for Indian exports, as well as Gulf nations are no longer blindly of Abu Dhabi’s visit to India in 2016, Modi. India should concentrate on Gandhi aligned more closely with
any volatility in prices can have significant implica- a crucial source of capital inflows. supporting Pakistan solely based on the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority expanding Indian enterprises in the Soviet Union.
tions, especially for vulnerable populations. Elections, The positive shift in relations shared religious beliefs. The UAE and Mubadala pledged $75 billion for Qatar, bolstering counterterrorism Despite economic ties, the rela-
characterized by increased spending and political between India and the GCC can be and India have a strong partnership, India’s infrastructure. efforts, and enhancing military tionship faced challenges. Egypt’s
maneuvering, often coincide with fluctuations in traced back to 2001 when Foreign viewing the Kashmir issue as India’s At the India UAE Investment cooperation. Additionally, India can strategic location as a trading and
commodity prices. These fluctuations can be caused Minister Jaswant Singh visited internal affair. This contrasts with Summit in January 2022, UAE busi- attract middle-class Qataris seeking tourism center solidified its impor-
by various factors, such as disruptions in the supply Saudi Arabia, where the GCC is head- Pakistan’s efforts to internationalize nesses announced ventures like a top-notch healthcare services. In 2003, tance. The member states of the GCC
chain, speculative trading, and increased demand. quartered. This was followed by the the conflict, causing frustration in shopping mall, inland container port, India made the decision to expand are increasing their economic rela-
In this context, Goyal’s commitment to preventing signing of the Riyadh Declaration Islamabad. GCC members prefer logistics facility, and food processing its influence in the Indian Ocean, tionships with India, Japan, Korea,
spikes in essential food item prices during elections in 2010 during Prime Minister engaging with a stable and secular facility. UAE was the first to sign a Arabian Gulf, and Asia. As a result, and China, establishing a solid basis
Manmohan Singh’s visit, which India over a politically and econom- regional connectivity pact for the its relationship with Oman has for commercial connections that go
demonstrates the government’s proactive approach built upon the Delhi Declaration of ically volatile Pakistan. India-Middle East Europe Economic grown, encompassing military coop- beyond just energy. The emphasis has
to mitigating potential hardships faced by the peo- 2006 that occurred during the King The UAE is a significant play- Corridor, which enhances India’s eration and access to strategic ports. shifted from Pakistan to India, result-
ple. Ensuring price stability for essential food items of Saudi Arabia’s visit to India. Both er in the Gulf region, with a large energy security and counters China’s Oman’s shift away from Pakistan and ing in stronger political and strategic
requires a comprehensive approach that includes declarations emphasized coopera- Indian workforce and significant Belt and Road Initiative. UAE also its condemnation of terrorism align alliances. Given that the GCC is the
effective governance, robust regulatory mechanisms, tion in counterterrorism and defense, investments in India. A summit committed to expanding India’s stra- with India’s interests. By utilizing the largest supplier of energy and bilat-
and proactive interventions.Goyal’s commitment among other areas. Since Prime between the Crown Prince of Abu tegic petroleum reserves and invest- port of Duqm, India is able to enhance eral trade amounts to $170 billion,
involves closely monitoring market dynamics and Minister Modi’s strategic engage- Dhabi and the Indian Prime Minister ing in a large refinery. To strengthen its patrolling efforts in response to there is potential for further growth.
promptly intervening to address any irregularities. ment with the Gulf nations began resulted in a joint vision statement commercial ties, concerns like land China’s military base in Djibouti. It is anticipated that capital flows will
This could include actions like releasing buffer stocks, in August 2015, bilateral agreements outlining cooperation in various acquisition, continuity of projects, At present, the focus of coopera- increase, attracting the interest of
with individual member states have areas. In 2022, India and the UAE and SEBI guidelines for sovereign tion between the two countries is on Gulf nations and presenting new
implementing price controls, and improving distri- been pursued. signed a Comprehensive Economic wealth funds need to be addressed. counterterrorism, defense industrial opportunities for India.  (INAV)
bution channels to prevent artificial price hikes.
Enhancing transparency and accountability in the
KNOW YOUR DAY
Long due decision
supply chain can also encourage fair pricing practices.
By collaborating with farmers, traders, and
retailers, the Government can create a favorable
environment for sustainable agriculture and fair ARIES: (MARCH 21 – APRIL 20) You will recover from
market access. While short-term price fluctuations ASHOK THAKUR prolong illness. But avoid a selfish short-tempered

T
person as he can give you some tension-which could
can be managed through government interventions,
he recent unanimous decision further aggravate the problem. You know the im-
addressing fundamental issues in the agricultural of the seven-judge Bench of the portance of money very well, which is why the mon-
sector is crucial for long-term stability. Balancing the Supreme Court on March 5, ey you save today will be useful in the future.
interests of farmers and consumers is a challenging which overturned the flawed
task, especially when farmers are demanding secu- 1998 verdict in the JMM brib- TAURUS (APRIL 20-MAY 20) Your biggest asset is your
rity for their hard work and investments. ery case, is a much-needed and long over- sense of humour try to use it to cure your illness.
due development. The previous judgment Long pending arrears and dues will finally be re-

Protect dignity of
had wrongly interpreted Articles 105 (2) covered. Lovers will excessively be considerate of
and 194 (2), granting legislators immunity family feelings. Don’t wait for things to happen-go
from prosecution for accepting bribes in out and search for new opportunities. Your spouse
relation to their parliamentary or state will make you realize today that heaven is on earth.

women in custody legislative activities. Essentially, this


meant that legislators were completely
immune from any legal repercussions
GEMINI (MAY 21–JUNE 20) You are likely to enjoy
some sporting activity which will maintain

I
t is a matter of serious concern that custodial for engaging in bribery to influence prosecution while in office, this protec- life and accountability reflects poorly your physical fitness. Don’t spend too much on
their votes or speeches in the House. tion does not extend after they leave their on the judicial system. Interestingly, entertainment or cosmetic improvement. Excit-
rapes continue to take place in the country in spite Thankfully, the court has now rectified position. Legal consequences apply not this case emerged when Sita Soren, ing day as you receive a call from your beloved.
of many preventive and punitive measures and this outrageous interpretation of immu- only to bribery but also to other illegal the daughter-in-law of Shibu Soren, the Guests may come to your house for a visit.
campaigns against it. According to the National nity for elected officials. It is important activities. For example, the accusation main accused in the JMM Bribery case,
Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), more than 270 cases to recognize that all elected representa- against Trump for inciting the January claimed immunity from prosecution. In CANCER (JUNE 21-JULY 22) Sheer pleasure and enjoy-
were reported between 2017 and 2022. There has been tives and appointed officials are public 6, 2021 riot and attack on the Capitol is a 2012, Sita Soren, who was an MLA, was ment for those venturing out to have fun. Try to
a gradual decrease in numbers over the years, but servants, and it is unacceptable to claim clear attempt to disrupt the certification accused of accepting a bribe to vote for an control your spending- and buy only the essential
even a single case is repugnant because the crime is absolute immunity for their actions while of Joe Biden’s election as President. independent candidate in the RajyaSabha items today. Your dominating attitude towards
committed by persons tasked with protecting the safe- in public office. This issue has also arisen This act of incitement to overthrow the election in the Jharkhand Assembly. your family members will only start useless ar-
ty and honour of women. The actual numbers could in the case of Donald Trump, who is cur- constitutional order cannot be shielded Although she eventually voted for guments and can bring criticism. Look forward to
rently asserting such absolute immunity from prosecution. However, there are her party’s nominee, this is irrelevant new relationship for happiness.
be higher because many cases may not be reported. for all his actions during his presidency. certain official actions that should be in terms of prosecution, as long as the
According to the report, the offenders include police The US Supreme Court will soon hear protected from future legal action. For act of accepting a bribe is proven. The LEO (JULY 23-AUG 23) Pressure from seniors at
personnel, public servants, members of the armed this case, and it is widely expected that instance, US presidents may authorize Jharkhand High Court rightly refused to workplace and discord at home might bring
forces, and staff of jails, remand homes and hospitals. the verdict will reject the notion of abso- the targeting of terrorists in times of dismiss the criminal proceedings against some stress- which would disturb your con-
These places should be havens of safety for women lute immunity for the President. After war, with a procedure in place to inform Sita Soren, leading her to approach the centration at work. Financial position will
but the power and authority is abused by officials to all, the President is not a divine monarch Congressional leaders. Similarly, a Supreme Court in 2012. It is disheartening improve through speculation or unexpected
sexually exploit vulnerable women. A provision in and should not enjoy perpetual immu- prime minister in India may approve that it took 11 years for such a straightfor- gains. Evenings with friends will be highly en-
the IPC specifically deals with custodial rape, but nity. However, it is crucial to note that operations to eliminate specific indi- ward and crucial case to be resolved by tertaining and filled with pleasure. Your gloomy life may
it still takes place. It has been noted that custodial this does not imply that public officials viduals posing a terrorist threat. Such the Supreme Court. The case progressed give tension to your spouse.
and legislators should have no immunity authorizations are official acts in line at an incredibly slow pace, moving from
settings and environments provide opportunities for whatsoever, and should be held liable for with their oath of office and should be a two-judge Bench in 2012 to a three-judge VIRGO (AUG 24-SEPT 22) Your evening will be
abuse. The officials have the power to punish, show every action they take while performing immune from future criminal proceed- Bench in 2014, and finally to a larger marked with mixed emotions which can keep
lenience, and even set free the women who come into their duties. Immunity is necessary for ings. The Supreme Court’s rulings do Bench in 2019, culminating in the recent you tense. But there is no need to worry much-
their custody. The women are mostly vulnerable public servants to effectively carry out not undermine the authority of public verdict in 2024. This abnormal delay as your happiness will give you more joy than
because they have committed an offence or are sus- their responsibilities. officials and lawmakers; they simply should prompt the apex constitutional disappointment. Today, you can spend a lot of
pected to have committed an offence. They may also This immunity applies to legislators ensure accountability for corruption and court to reflect on its processes and make money on a party with friends, but despite this,
be victims of trafficking or domestic violence. Most in terms of their freedom of speech in misuse of power. Prosecution is applica- necessary corrections. A case of this your financial side will remain strong today.
women in custody are not able to resist the offender the House, as well as their ability to ask ble for accepting bribes, regardless of the nature should have been resolved within
in the isolated settings where custodial crimes take questions and cast votes. Accepting a legislator’s subsequent actions.The saga a few weeks, considering its constitu- LIBRA (SEPT 23—OCT 23) You are likely to maintain
bribe is not a legitimate duty of a pub- is marred by one unfortunate aspect - the tional implications. Perhaps it is time a good health today which will give you the
place. Often, they don’t get help or protection from lic official and is considered a criminal slow pace of the judiciary. to establish a Permanent Constitutional success. But you must avoid anything that will
other officials, even when the officials are women. offense regardless of their position. While The fact that it took 25 years to over- Bench within the Supreme Court to destroy your strength. You will come up with
Women’s activists point out that the causes of custo- some high-ranking officials, such as the turn a clearly erroneous judgment on a efficiently and judiciously handle such brilliant new ideas that will bring financial
dial sexual offences include patriarchal norms, abuse Head of State, may have immunity from matter as crucial as integrity in public significant matters. (INAV) gains. Visit to a religious place or to a relative
of power by the authorities, lack of gender sensitivity seems likely on your cards.
and training for police and other officials, and the
social stigma attached to victims.
They say the government must address the root North vs South: See BJP’s limitations & do the maths SCORPIO (OCT 24-NOV 22) Chances of your recover-
ing from physical illness are high which will
enable you to participate in sports competition.
causes and take effective steps, which include ush-
AGENCIES divide? On the contrary, it is the BJP’s es out to the northern borders with Your idea of ​​saving money for yourself can be
ering in legal reforms, providing better training for

A
great limitation in reaching out to the Nepal. But Chhattisgarh? Jharkhand? accomplished today. Today you will be able to
law enforcement personnel, conducting campaigns n intriguing new north- peripheries and coastal states, while it These are central, or east-central. save appropriately.
for social and behavioural changes, and putting south binary has emerged is able to win enough Lok Sabha seats The short point is, it is impossible to
in place stronger mechanisms for accountability. in our political debate after in its own political heartland. Again, analyse Indian politics along region- SAGITTARIUS (NOV 23—DEC 21) A day when rest will
NGOs and civil society and community groups the elections in four major if we limit our argument to a lazy and al or geographical dividing lines. be important- As you have been facing lot of men-
may also be involved in the campaign. Recently, states last week. The argu- simplistic north-south divide, where will Generalisations like these are peril- tal pressure recently- Recreation and entertain-
the Calcutta High Court was told that pregnancies ment might look persuasive: that the the northeast feature? ous. Geographically, we have already ment will help you relax. Don’t make investments
among female prisoners are increasing in West BJP rules the north and the south con- The important fact is that the BJP, demonstrated that the BJP’s challenge in haste-Losses are certain if you don’t look at
Bengal, and 196 babies are in various prisons of tinues to reject it, and so there exists a powerful and all-conquering though isn’t exactly north versus south, but the investments from all possible angles. Festive at-
horizontal divide in the Indian polity it looks, still does not reach anywhere heartland versus the peripheries. The mosphere at home would ease your tension.
the state. The NCRB data is a wake-up call to the marked by the Vindhyas. near the pan-Indian pre-eminence the party is radiating outwards from the
government and society to take effective action I have used the description ‘intriguing’ Congress had during the Indira Gandhi centre (Madhya Pradesh has been its CAPRICORN (DEC 22—JAN 20) A day when you will
for safeguarding the honour of women in custody, as a euphemism, for the kind of simplistic era. We are keeping Rajiv Gandhi’s 414- strongest base) and hasn’t quite estab- be able to relax. Massage your body with oil to
and ensuring punishment for those who violate it. and lazy theorising that calls for some- seat Lok Sabha score of 1984 out as an lished itself in many of the coastal states, give relief to your muscles. You will make good
thing stronger. First of all, the challenge exception. In the ‘normal’ Indira era in the south, east and west. Further, if money if you invest in conservative invest-
to the BJP’s supremacy is not limited to from 1971 on, the Congress got seats you make the qualitative argument, ment. Illness of infant would keep you engaged.
THOUGHT OF THE DAY the south. A quick look at the political from across the country and generally how would you explain the 1977 elec- You need to give immediate attention.
map of India will show that the BJP is remained in the 350-seat ballpark. In tion result? Then, what is erroneously

, When virtue and


modesty enlighten her
charms, the lustre of a
beautiful woman is brighter
than the stars of heaven,
not a north-centric party but a party
of its own heartland. If the BJP is out
of power in the entire south, it is also
at best marginal all along the eastern
seaboard. That will include the states of
West Bengal, Odisha and then Andhra
Pradesh and then indeed, Tamil Nadu
of the south.
2019, the Modi-Shah BJP demolished all
opposition in the Hindi states, besides
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka, to
reach its highest-ever tally of 303. Brave
words from its campaigners apart, a look
at India’s political map will again high-
light the challenge the BJP faces to reach
that 350-seat mark.
being called the ‘north’ today, or mainly
the Hindi states, rejected Mrs Gandhi’s
Congress, punishing it for the excesses
of the Emergency. The states in the south
had a totally contrary response.
The Congress won most of its 154
seats from the southern states. In
the states the BJP sweeps now, Uttar
AQUARIUS (JAN 21–FEB 18) Keep your patience as
your continuous effort coupled with common
sense and understanding will guarantee your
success. Bank dealing need to be handled
very carefully. Evening at the movie-theatre
or dinner with your spouse seems to keep you
in a relaxed and wonderful mood.

Then you turn to the western coastal Will we now say that besides a north- Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar (undi- PISCES (FEB 19—MAR 20) You may get rid from prolong
and the influence of her states. The BJP rules Gujarat and tiny south divide, there is also a north-east vided then), Rajasthan and Haryana, illness. Investment concerning your residence
Goa. In Maharashtra, it’s in a coalition divide? Or can we say that every state the Congress won just two seats. will be profitable. Do not make quick judg-
power it is in vain to resist. where it has had to concede the chief where Hindi is the dominant language Both Indira Gandhi and Sanjay lost ment about people and their motives-They
ministership to a partner. The remaining and the BJP the leading party is by their seats of Rae Bareli and Amethi. might be under pressure and need your com-
Akhenaton, western coastal states, Karnataka and implication, northern? Is Madhya passion and understanding. A lonely phase
Greek Statesman Kerala, are with the Opposition. Pradesh a northern state? Bihar, Readers can send in their letters to that has been gripping you for long time ends.
Will you still call it a north-south maybe at a stretch because it reach- eastern.chronicle@gmail.com.
THE HINDU
10 Tuesday, March 12, 2024

Editorial Delhi

Central transfers and the issue of shares of some States


T
here are many issues that the Sixteenth low-income States such as Bihar and Uttar
Finance Commission will have to deal Pradesh have gained over time, they have lost on
Names and bonds with. In this article, we focus on one
issue which has been raised by many
account of other criteria. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
show, in terms of their overall share, a loss of
Court did well to thwart SBI’s attempt States, particularly those in the south of India. 0.970% points and 1.325% points.
The issue (or the complaint) is that these States
to delay details of electoral bonds have been facing a decline in their share out of
C. Rangarajan
On population

T
he Supreme Court’s refusal to grant any the resources transferred from the Centre to the is former Chairman, One other criterion that has caused some
further time to the State Bank of India States, from Finance Commission to Finance Prime Minister’s controversy is population. Until the Fourteenth
(SBI) to furnish details of those who pur- Commission. Economic Advisory Finance Commission, the data for the population
In finding a solution to this issue, we need to Council and former in 1971 was used. For the Fifteenth Finance
chased and parties that encashed electoral bonds
Governor, Reserve
since April 2019 has foiled an ill-advised attempt look at: which States have been gaining and Commission, data for the population in 2011 was
Bank of India
to seek postponement of the disclosure until af- which are losing their share over time; the criteria used. However, in order not to penalise States
ter the general election. The SBI has now been of horizontal distribution which has led to some that showed better performance in reducing
asked to disclose to the Election Commission of States steadily losing their share; and what can be fertility rates, the demographic change criterion
India (ECI), by the end of March 12, the names of done to reverse this trend. was introduced. The joint impact of these two
details of the purchasers of the bonds, the dates In Table 1, the shares of groups of States and changes has been marginal for all groups of
on which these were bought, and denomina- those for selected States are shown, for the States. For Tamil Nadu, the joint impact was
tions. The bank should also disclose the names of Twelfth Finance Commission to the Fifteenth marginally positive.
parties that redeemed the bonds, along with Finance Commission (final report). In the case of D.K. Srivastava
dates and denominations. The ECI has to host the the southern States, there has been a steady fall is former Director, Steps to take
information on its website by March 15. The up- in their share, from 19.785% to 15.800%. In a Madras School As mentioned, we cannot give up the income
shot of the bank’s application for time until June comparison of these two Commissions, the of Economics distance criterion. Some raise the question
30 is that it is now quite clear that it must disclose northern and eastern States have also lost. The whether such a criterion can continue
the data available to it, and need not try and ‘gainer States’ were the hilly, central, and western indefinitely. This is a legitimate question. But this
match the names of the donors with the parties. States including Maharashtra. question can be raised in relation to many other
It appears that the initial directions of the Consti- The income issues. Perhaps one step that the Sixteenth
tution Bench, as part of its February 15 judgment The distance criterion Finance Commission can consider is to reduce its
distance criterion
invalidating the electoral bonds scheme, had The shares of individual States in tax devolution weight while correspondingly raising the weights
depend on the criteria and the weights used by
and cesses and attached to other criteria.
been construed to mean that the SBI was re-
quired to match with exactitude all the purchas- different Commissions. Table 2 provides a list of surcharges are Related to the question of share is also the
ers with the recipients. The bank deemed this a the different criteria used by Finance areas that quantum of the divisible pool. While accepting
“time-consuming” exercise, as the details were in Commissions, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth. need review the recommendation of the Fourteenth Finance
separate silos and not stored in digital format. Commission to raise the share of all States to 42%
In rejecting the bank’s application for time and from 32%, the Centre increased the cesses and
keeping the threat of contempt action alive, the surcharges, thereby reducing the size of the
Court has sent a message that it will not brook The distance criterion has been accorded the divisible pool. This is not desirable. One option is
any further delay. The Bench has also rightly highest weight amongst these criteria. Its weight to limit the share of cesses and surcharges to 10%
questioned the bank’s silence on what had been was reduced from 50% to 47.5% by the Thirteenth of the Centre’s gross tax revenues. After the
done to comply with the order until the filing of Finance Commission and further reduced to 45% recommendation of the Fourteenth Finance
an application for extension of time, just two by the Fifteenth Finance Commission. Earlier, the Commission, the share of the States in the
days before the March 6 deadline. It is now quite Eleventh Finance Commission had given this combined revenue receipts increased from 63.9%
apparent that even manually matching the two criterion a weight of 62.5%. The equalisation to 68.1% (Table 3). It increased further to 70.7% in
datasets could not have taken as long as the four principle has always been regarded in India and 2020-21. Since then, it has fallen to 67.5% in
months the SBI wanted. A question may arise as elsewhere as a key principle governing 2022-23, although this level is still higher than
to whether the voters’ right to information, the distribution. Economic and social justice demand 61.3% in the Twelfth Finance Commission period.
very basis for the Court finding the anonymous this. To sum up, there is a case to address the issue
donation scheme unconstitutional, will be ful- The main reason for the loss of the southern raised by some of the States regarding their
filled by mere disclosure of the names of bond States is the income distance criterion (Table 1). declining shares. The major factor contributing to
purchasers and the parties that received the Distance criterion means that the farther a State this situation is the adoption of income distance
funds, without authentic data on who donated is from the highest income State, the higher its criterion and giving it a weight as high as 45%.
what amount to which party. Given that the share. The main reason for the gain of the hilly But in any scheme of fair distribution, this
bonds have to be redeemed within a 15-day win- States is area/forest criterion, although its impact criterion cannot be given up.
dow, it may still be possible for a diligent civil so- is not separately shown. Between these two The Finance Commission can reduce the
ciety to use the disclosures to match donors and Finance Commissions, the loss to the southern weight of this criterion by 5% to 10% points. Also,
parties based on the proximity between dates of States due to the distance criterion amounted to cesses and surcharges may be subjected to some
purchase and redemption. The data may also 8.055% points, although the overall loss was upper limit by the Sixteenth Finance
help unravel whether corporate houses or indivi- much less at 3.985% points, implying that there Commission.
duals benefited from their donations to ruling was a gain under other criteria.
parties at the Centre and in the States, or if the Although on account of the distance criterion, The views expressed are personal
contributions were made in response to any
threat of investigation and prosecution.

Politics and pass-overs A tribe in the Western Ghats in need of a lifeline


Geopolitics outdid the politics

I
n Karnataka’s section of the Western Ghats, Nevertheless, along with fuelwood and honey, about this issue because they find the state of the
in the choice of Oscar winners lies Makuta village, under Betoli gram the other minor forest produce they collect habitants to be ‘disheartening’. A case worker,

T
he liveliest moment at the 96th Academy panchayat of Virajpet taluka in Kodagu includes dhoopa (Vateria indica)/incense, and who expressed deep empathy for them, said that
Awards came courtesy of Donald Trump. district. More specifically, the village falls under shekakai (soap pod). The quantity collected efforts are being made to conduct a de-addiction
Host Jimmy Kimmel, perhaps sensing the the Makuta Aranya Valaya which is in the vicinity depends on the availability of the produce in the drive. In another habitation in Nerugalale gram
lack of fireworks to light up Hollywood’s biggest of the Kerti reserved forest. This area is in the forest as well as the need to procure them. panchayat in Somwarpet taluka in the same
night — no slapgate, not even a hectic ‘Naatu Naa- Talacauvery sub-cluster, identified as one of the Madhusudan However, most of those who gather forest district, a headman of the ‘Yarava’ tribe
tu’ performance to feed a post-Oscars diversity 10 World Heritage Sites in Karnataka and is a Bandi produce said that the amount they collected was expressed sadness that a number of his relatives
debate — took his chance to slag off the former region of dense tropical evergreen forests that is a faculty member most often for their own consumption. There is had lost their lives due to addiction. He cited this
U.S. President after Mr. Trump had criticised have remained undisturbed to a large extent. with the Gujarat no stockpiling. as the cause behind the population in his hamlet
Kimmel’s hostmanship. Reading out Mr. Trump’s The village has a Girijan colony inhabited by Institute of reducing to half. He hoped that good sense would
post live on stage, minutes before the final award, the ‘Phani Yerava’ tribe. In 2021, with the help of Development The scourge of addiction prevail and that the tribals would lead a vice-free
Kimmel calmly clapped back with, “...I’m sur- two local people including a Muslim gram Research, However, there is an issue that is a cause for life.
prised, isn’t it past your jail time?” In fairness, Mr. panchayat member, all the 19 Yerava households Ahmedabad, Gujarat worry. When this writer-researcher visited them It was the same story, but with varying
Trump’s crotchety assessment of Oscar night was here were able to successfully claim their ‘land’ in to understand their socio-economic status after degrees, in every tribal village that this
not entirely off the mark, which rolled out in the forest, under the Forest Rights Act. In a joint the implementation of the Forest Rights Act, writer-researcher visited in the Western Ghats
drearily predictable fashion. Christopher Nolan’s survey conducted by the Forest, Revenue and almost the entire community was found to be in region in Karnataka during the study (this article
frontrunning Second World War-era opus, Op- Social Welfare Departments, officials found that an intoxicated state due to alcohol abuse. is drawn from a larger research study titled
penheimer, won seven out of its 13 nominations the Yeravas reside on 135 acres of forest land, According to non-tribal locals and others in the “Tribals, Forest Rights and Heritage
including ‘Best Actor’ (for Cillian Murphy, who right from the time of their ancestors. area, they picked the habit in the city seeing Conservation: A Study of Western Ghats in
plays the progenitor of the atomic bomb J. Robert When asked about the importance of acquiring other labourers doing the same in the evenings Karnataka”, sponsored by the Indian Council of
Oppenheimer). It was an undeniably glorious forest rights, the tribals did not appear to be very after returning home to unwind after the pain Social Science Research, New Delhi).
moment for Nolan, passed on for Oscar recogni- enthusiastic because their dependence on the from the day’s hard work. Not surprisingly, the Non-government organisation activists and
tion on six prior occasions. In the run-up to the forest exclusively for their livelihood has been tribals in the village were not in a position to government officials working in the jurisdiction of
Oscars, there was nervousness that Oppenheimer reducing over some time. recall how they got into this. Even adolescent the villages have said that such issues do not get
might not meet the Academy’s new diversity The reason they gave was that they found children have taken to this vice. This has affected enough attention in the policy matters in the
standards. Perhaps the gloomy mushroom going into the forest to collect minor forest children’s attendance in schools too. Intoxication State — a view also expressed by the leaders of
clouds of Oppenheimer held sway among Acade- produce to be a tiresome job. Besides, selling the has slowly turned the community’s life into one some local tribal communities such as the
my voters over the piercing pink of another glo- produce was no longer lucrative given the volatile Issues such as of a miserable existence. As a result, the Hasalaru, Gowdalu, and Jenu Kurubas. According
bal hit from last year. Greta Gerwig’s Barbie, market and also rampant exploitation by alcohol abuse community is found to be uninformed about to them, only a few communities which are
which far outstripped Nolan’s film during their middlemen. This bitter experience led them to that are happenings in the external world around them. numerically dominant among the Scheduled
much-publicised theatrical face-off, won just one believe that for the same effort, they would get threatening to Given this development, important documents Tribes have been gaining benefits over recent
award (‘Best Original Song’). If a female-led, vi- better wages if they worked as labour. Hence, overwhelm the such as ration cards, Aadhar cards, voter identity years, in every walk of life. They expressed the
sually inventive comedy-drama with a subversive working as daily labour (casual or agriculture) is cards, or even government documents such as wish that the government should consider these
‘Phani Yerava’
edge shone at the Oscars, it was not Barbie but now the primary occupation of these forest rights given under the Forest Rights Act have to kinds of social issues seriously and take steps that
Poor Things. Yorgos Lanthimos’ film, starring dwellers. The majority of them prefer to go to tribals in be kept in the safe custody of trustworthy are in the best interest of those groups. It is only
Emma Stone, won four out of its 11 nods, includ- Kasaragod in Kerala State which is less than 10 Karnataka need non-tribal members. then, they believe, that existential concerns such
ing ‘Best Actress’ for Stone. Her performance has kilometres from their habitation, as they are to be on the Officials from the Department of Social Welfare as addictions haunting forest dwellers can be
been hailed yet it yielded one of the night’s big- comfortable speaking Malayalam. policy radar working in this area have also been concerned addressed effectively.
gest upsets: Lily Gladstone, the first Native Amer-
ican to be nominated for ‘Best Actress’ in Martin
Scorsese’s Killers of the Flower Moon, was passed LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
over for what could have been a landmark win.
Politics ruffled the smooth surface and cau- Cracks in the ECI election, and it is developments cast a responsible Election details of incidents of surrounding ragging.
tious decorum of this year’s Academy Awards. The sudden resignation of incumbent on the Chief shadow on the neutrality of Commissioner would ragging are described. The V. Lakshmanan,
The ‘Best Documentary’ feature film went to 20 Election Commissioner Arun Election Commissioner to the constitutional body in choose to act like a general case in Kerala is no Tirupur, Tamil Nadu
Days in Mariupol, about life in the besieged Ukrai- Goel is bound to raise exercise utmost care and the minds of the people. It fleeing the war front unless different. The victim is
nian city. Accepting the award, a first for Ukraine, eyebrows. The report, caution in discharging a is incumbent on the there are ‘compulsions’. It asked to perform the most What happened in Kerala
director Mstyslav Chernov said that he wished he “‘Differences’ with CEC may Himalayan assignment. persons selected to ensure does not behove well for indecent and shocking acts. was calculated murder.
could ‘never make this film’, and would gladly have led to Goel quitting” Balasubramaniam Pavani, that they conduct the grand parliamentary democracy Unless the youngster is Every one involved should
trade it for Russia never occupying his homeland. (page 1), read in Secunderabad election exercise in a fair when the Election mentally tough and be brought to justice
Jonathan Glazer’s The Zone of Interest, a chilling conjunction with a second manner. Commission is making news prepared to digest the including the teachers who
cinematic miniature of human indifference set in report, (Inside pages, “Two I write this letter as a former Dr. D.V.G. Sankara Rao, for all the wrong reasons. humiliations they are tried to cover up the crime.
Nazi Germany, won ‘Best International Film’, heads better than one, said Member of Parliament. The Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh Ayyasseri Raveendranath, subjected to, they can break The silence of 130 students
with Glazer taking the opportunity to address the SC on CEC’s solitary vigil”), resignation of Election Aranmula, Kerala down. Despite the passage who witnessed the ‘public
bombing of Gaza. His sentiments chimed with gives a fair idea to the Commissioner Arun Goel at Apart from bureaucratic of numerous pieces of State trial, verdict and its
pro-Palestinian protesters who halted traffic be- reader on the divided and a crucial juncture is omerta there is something Ragging in focus legislation, the number of execution’ is frightening.
fore the Oscar ceremony, and the celebrities who divisive opinions among top intriguing. The government deep behind the abrupt I have been a practising ragging incidents has not Higher education should
wore red pins and signed a letter calling for a cea- bureaucrats. Absolute has declared that the decision of the resignation advocate for the past 44 come down. lead our students to
sefire. Clearly, the Oscars are no longer about an powers with one individual vacancy would be filled of Mr. Goel. When years and have read If only all the incidents become cultured beings.
inward-looking, insulated group of celebrities is never desirable. soon. But still! It is parliamentary elections are innumerable (reported) come to light, we may get Joseph Kochuparambil,
who come to the spectacle to be seen. This is a year of the general unfortunate that the round the corner, no judgments wherein graphic to know the severity Alwaye, Kerala
CM M ND-NDE
YK
THE HINDU
Tuesday, March 12, 2024 11
Delhi
Opinion

Time to prohibit judges from joining politics Drugs, a money trail, and politics
The DMK top leadership is maintaining an uneasy silence in the Jaffer Sadiq case

J
ustice Abhijit India has not legislated over the decide the matter impartially”.
Gangopadhyay recently judicial conduct of judges of The Code also says, “A judge shall
resigned as a judge of the constitutional courts. conduct himself or herself in a sustained campaign that drug
Calcutta High Court and Acceptance of judgeship is way that is consistent with the STATE OF PLAY supply is rampant in Tamil Na-
joined the Bharatiya Janata Party often an act of sacrifice for lawyers dignity of the judicial office”. du by launching periodic anti-
(BJP). He said that he was as it involves loss of freedom. The U.S judge, Simon Rifkind, D. Suresh Kumar drug drives. But in this case,
approached by the BJP, and he Kaleeswaram Raj Restraint becomes the norm, remarked that the courtroom, sureshkumar.d@thehindu.co.in the party’s top leadership con-
also approached the BJP, during is a lawyer at the which also reduces the space for sooner or later, becomes the tinues to maintain an uneasy

O
his tenure as judge. He declared Supreme Court of personal aspirations. Yet, a judge image of the judge and that it will n February 25, Tamil silence, even as the Opposi-
that henceforth, he will be a India of the constitutional court gets rise or fall to the level of the Nadu’s ruling DMK tion has stepped up its attack.
“party soldier”. powers and privileges which presiding judge. The Supreme general secretary Du- The Leader of the Opposi-
While he was judge, Mr. others do not enjoy. According to Court in C. Ravichandran Iyer v. raimurugan issued a short tion and AIADMK general se-
Gangopadhyay was often in the Article 217 read with Article 124(4) Justice A.M. Bhattacharjee (1995) note announcing the imme- cretary Edappadi K. Palanis-
news for the wrong reasons. He of the Constitution, the only way said, “To keep the stream of diate expulsion of Jaffer Sadiq, the BJP, action will be taken wami submitted a
allegedly gave an interview to a TV to remove a judge is the almost justice clean and pure, the Judge who held the post of deputy against Tamil Nadu’s enemies. memorandum to Governor
channel criticising the West unworkable method of must be endowed with sterling organiser of the DMK’s NRI This is Modi’s guarantee,” he R.N. Ravi, urging him to call
Bengal government and speaking impeachment by Parliament. character, impeccable integrity wing for Chennai-West. Mr. declared at a campaign in for an independent enquiry
about the school job-for-bribe Article 215 declares the High Court and upright behaviour”. In All Duraimurugan urged cadres Chennai. considering the “closeness” of
case. He created controversy by to be a court of record with India Judges’ Association v. Union not to have any truck with Mr. This guarantee could po- the accused with Mr. Stalin
defying an order of a division contempt power which the judges of India (1991), the court spoke of Sadiq, who is also a film pro- tentially see the NCB going af- and the DGP.
bench. Sometimes he had run-ins could invoke. The jurist Alan “society’s expectation from ducer, who had “brought dis- ter some top guns. With the The Governor chipped it
with lawyers and even fellow Dershowitz was right when he said judicial officers”. repute” to the party. arrest of Mr. Sadiq in Delhi last saying, “Recent interdictions
judges. While dealing with one of that “judges are the weakest link There have been similar A day earlier, the Narcotics week, the NCB, an otherwise of sizeable quantities of nar-
the cases pertaining to Mr. in our system of justice, and they instances in the past. In 1967, Control Bureau (NCB) along discreet agency, has been lib- cotic drugs and psychotropic
Gangopadhyay’s conduct, a bench are also the most protected”. Chief Justice Koka Subba Rao with the Delhi Police Special eral in making information pu- substances and apprehension
of Chief Justice of India D.Y. resigned to contest the Cell had busted Mr. Sadiq’s al- blic. The agency has declared of members of international
Chandrachud and Justice P.S. Judicial conduct presidential elections, and in 1983, leged links with an interna- that he spearheaded a net- drug cartels in Tamil Nadu
Narasimha rightly said that judges Paragraph VIII of the Third the Supreme Court judge Baharul tional drug cartel. The party work, which sourced pseu- and other places by Central
have no business giving TV Schedule of the Constitution Islam resigned to get elected as a clearly foresaw the potential doephedrine, a precursor agencies have confirmed our
interviews on pending matters. demands a judge-designate to member of the Rajya Sabha. But damage that Mr. Sadiq’s conti- chemical that is used in the worst fears — the prevalence
The Chief Minister criticised Mr. swear inter alia that he will past aberrations do not justify nued association with the manufacture of Methamphe- of drugs in our State.”
Gangopadhyay after his perform his duties without fear or present wrongs. They are no DMK could cause in an elec- tamine, a dangerous and high- The State Law Minister, S.
resignation saying his judgments favour, affection or ill-will. The longer good precedents or tion season. It did not help ly addictive synthetic Regupathy, charged the BJP
will always remain questionable. Bangalore Principles of Judicial practices given the globally that videos and photos of Mr. drug, and trafficked it to Aus- government at the Centre of
Former Union Minister Arun Conduct (2002) gained accepted principles of the Sadiq with Chief Minister M.K. tralia, New Zealand, and Ma- pressing the NCB into action
Jaitley had once advocated a international acceptance as Bangalore Declaration, which Stalin, his minister-son Ud- laysia in the guise of food “to defame and intimidate the
cooling off period for judges indicated by the Judicial Integrity were made later. hayanidhi Stalin, and Director grade cargo. It is believed that DMK”. He also accused Mr.
saying “pre-retirement judgments Group. The declaration enlists General of Police (DGP) Shan- the drug syndicate has sent 45 Singh of interacting with the
are influenced by a desire for a certain judicial values including An opportunity kar Jiwal emerged. While this consignments containing media before completing the
post-retirement job”. When independence, impartiality, The present episode, therefore, does not establish any direct about 3,500 kg of pseudoe- investigation “only to provide
confronted with this suggestion, integrity, propriety, equality, gives an opportunity to the Chief complicity on the part of the phedrine over the past three political mileage for the BJP
Mr. Gangopadhyay retorted that competence and diligence. It Justice of India and the Supreme top leadership and the DGP, it years to various countries. during the elections.”
there is no rule to this effect. He emphasises the need to eradicate Court to investigate the matter has left the government and According to NCB Deputy Given the complex nature
added that he “never gave any bias or prejudice in the more seriously and evolve the ruling party red-faced. Director General Gyaneshwar of the case, it is difficult to take
political judgment which was decision-making process. It asks methods to avert such judicial The pace at which events Singh, Mr. Sadiq revealed that these various statements at
politically biased”. judges to ensure that their aberrations. It could lead to one of related to the case have since the “ill-gotten money” was al- face value. There is no doubt
conduct “both in and out of (the) the most awaited steps towards unfolded will reinforce the so used to fund a Tamil movie, that drugs are available in Ta-
No legal bar court maintains and enhances the reforming the judiciary. The top DMK’s fears. Prime Minister Mangai, and to construct a ho- mil Nadu, as in most parts of
A member of the Constituent The act of confidence of the public, the legal court must expressly prohibit Narendra Modi has converted tel in Chennai. He stated that the country, and that the DMK
Assembly, K.T. Shah, had judges of profession, and litigants in the judges of constitutional courts this into a key issue in the Lok “evidence of some political leadership and the govern-
suggested that judges of constitutional impartiality of the judge and of the from taking the political plunge Sabha polls. “Today, I want to funding has emerged”. The ment have failed to check Mr.
constitutional courts should be courts taking judiciary”. Clause 2.4 of the even after they resign. Such acts speak about a serious issue agency is “following the drug Sadiq’s criminal antecedents
legally barred from occupying the political declaration is against the judge should be interpreted as a breach and share my concern. I want money trail” and all those before granting him a position
executive posts. But the plunge even making comments “that might of the oath read in the light of every father and mother in Ta- found to have violated the Nar- in the DMK. Mr. Stalin needs
Constituent Assembly did not find reasonably be expected to affect Indian precedents and the mil Nadu to understand my cotic Drugs and Psychotropic to speak up on the issue. At
after they resign
favour with this. Implementing the outcome of (a case).” It says accepted norms on judicial concern about the future of Substances Act, 1985, would the same time, the NCB must
external rules to control the should be that the “judge shall disqualify conduct. There is a need for a your children... In Tamil Na- be booked, he added. pursue this case on merit
judicial behaviour of judges would interpreted as a himself or herself from judge-made law on the topic since du, in the name of rave par- Over the past two years, the without displaying an overzea-
be antithetical to the idea of breach of the participating in any proceedings in Parliament will hardly act on this ties, drugs are distributed. It is Stalin government has res- lousness to paint Tamil Nadu
judicial independence. This is why oath which the judge is unable to issue. worrying... If you strengthen ponded to the Opposition’s as the drug capital.

India no longer has more losses than wins in Test cricket F R O M T HE A RC HI V ES

Dominance at home since the 1990s and competitiveness in away games since the 2000s have helped
FIFTY YEARS AGO MARCH 12, 1974

DATA POINT
tered. This period marked the de- World Bank view of India’s
cisive break when India became a
net winning Test team. foreign aid requirement
Srinivasan Ramani Table 4 lists out the home and
& Vignesh Radhakrishnan away records for the pre-1990s, Washington, March 11: Some details are now
1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s. available of the World Bank report prepared for

I
ndia beat England in Dharam- India had a win/loss ratio of 0.9 at the members of the Aid India Consortium, who
shala in the final Test to win home prior to the 1990s but a poor will be meeting in Paris next month. The report
the five-match series 4-1. This away record — 13 wins and 54 loss- has made the gloomy forecast that unless India
cricket match marked several re- es in 118 games for a W/L ratio of is able to obtain $12 billions in foreign assistance,
cords. In particular, for the first 0.24. and import ten million tonnes of foodgrains in
time in Indian Test cricket history, But in the 1990s, a dramatic in- the next five-year period, serious economic
the number of overall wins crease in home wins was ob- consequences will follow.
matched the number of losses. served, coinciding with the prepa- The report differs from the Indian planners’
This mean that India’s win-loss ration of spin-friendly wickets calculation that India will need only $5 billions
(wins divided by losses: W/L) ratio during this period. India’s home of outside assistance in the next five years, to
is now 1. record in the 1990s shows 17 wins tide over the crisis posed by a combined
India is currently fifth among and 5 losses in 30 Tests for a shortage of food, fertilizers and oil. “Food stocks
teams with a W/L ratio of 1 or Home-W/L of 3.4, even as India re- in the public distribution system are negligible;
more, with Australia’s ratio of 1.78 gistered only one away win and 15 current availabilities have been severely
leading all the teams while Pakis- losses in 40 games for an Away- reduced, prices are rising sharply and active
tan’s 1.04 is just above India’s (Ta- W/L of 0.07. discontent is spreading,” says the report,
ble 1). Only 12 teams have played Since the 2000s, however, India describing the food situation in India, three
international Test cricket. has retained its home dominance. years after the country set out to be
Chart 2 shows the cumulative This peaked in the 2010s, when In- self-sufficient.
number of wins, losses, and draws dia’s Home-W/L went up to 9.25 Referring to the effect of rising oil prices, the
(including ties, abandoned and (37 wins and just four losses in 50 Bank report states that “the increase is so large
cancelled Tests) for India over Tests). and sudden that unless the assurance of
time since the team played its first Also in the 2000s, India had its obtaining additional financing is forthcoming
Test in 1932. It shows that the num- best away record — 19 wins and 19 soon, the Government will have to make
ber of losses and wins became losses in 56 games for an Away- immediate and downward adjustments in oil
equal in 2024. India now has 178 W/L of 1.0 and which reduced mar- and other imports, which can only have a
wins and losses each in 581 Tests. ginally in the 2010s and 2020s to disruptive effect on growth. Any reduction in
In Chart 3, we use a method 0.76 and 0.9, respectively, but was fertilizer availability, through lack of imports,
called rolling averages to analyse way above the 1990s and would affect the country’s ability to meet its
sets of 83 Tests at a time. We then pre-1990s mark. food needs in the coming year. If the monsoon
calculate the average share of In sum, the Indian team be- were to fail in 1974, there would be a famine of
wins, losses, draws/ties for each came a formidable home team in grave proportions.”
set. For every new set, we move the 1990s and also became quite To narrow the projected gap, the Bank
forward by 7 Tests to see how the competitive in away Tests since the economists, who had prepared the report, say
averages change over time (83*7 = 2000s. Thanks to an outstanding that both Western and Eastern nations, as well
581 Tests). The first data point on spin duo of Anil Kumble and Harb- as the oil producing countries, must make
the chart is for Tests 1 to 83, the hajan Singh, India was near-invin- substantial amounts of foreign assistance
next is for Tests 8 to 90, and so on, cible at home in the 1990s and the available to India. It believes that the
ending with Tests 499 to 581. better part of the 2000s. oil-producing States’ share of the $12 billions aid
For instance, in Tests 197 to 279 After Kumble and Singh retired, India would need over the next five years, would
played by India between 1982 and R. Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja and come to $3 billions, contributed either directly
1993, the team won over 10% (low- others, besides an effective pace or indirectly.
est win % for any of the periods), bowling attack, helped the Indian
lost close to 30%, and drew 60% of team scale new peaks at home in
its games. Using this method we the 2010s and 2020s. A balanced
can also find out the period when bowling attack and a strong batting A HUNDRED YEARS AGO MARCH 12, 1924
India had more wins than losses line-up helped the team weather
and the tide began to turn. challenges in away games in the Abolish polygamy
Note how from Tests 309 to 391, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s and have
played between 1997 and 2006, In- kept it competitive. Constantinople, March 11: A meeting of Turkish
dia’s wins have always been more women here today decided to appeal to the
than the number of losses regis- With inputs from Kartikeya Date National Assembly to abolish polygamy.
CM M ND-NDE
YK
Delhi www.thehindu.com Tuesday, March 12, 2024
● ●

12

Text&Context 0
NEWS IN NUMBERS
Number of proxy Worth of trade accord Norway to eliminate The death toll in flash Share of delivery
staffers in Mizoram’s signed by India with custom duties for floods and landslides persons to face
govt. departments European countries Indian exports in Indonesia workplace violence

3,365 100 98 26 41.5


Mizoram’s State in $ billion. India has in percentage. Following More bodies were found as in percentage. The
government signed a trade India’s signing of a free trade floodwaters receded in share of cab drivers to
employees have agreement with four pact with a four-member Indonesia’s Sumatra island face violence at work
hired substitutes to illegally work in their European countries including Iceland, European bloc, Norway’s Minister of Trade after heavy rains triggered flash floods and was 47%. A majority of them want the
place in various departments, especially in Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland and Industry, Jan Christian Vestre, hailed landslides. About 11 people are still 10-min delivery policy to be discontinued,
rural areas. The education department has creating one million direct jobs in India in the Trade and Economic Partnership missing. Monsoon rains in West Sumatra according to Delhi-based NGO PAIGAM. PTI
highest number of substitutes at 1,115. PTI the next 15 years. AP Agreement as a significant milestone. PTI submerged over 37,000 houses. PTI COMPILED BY THE HINDU DATA TEAM

Follow us facebook.com/thehindu twitter.com/the_hindu instagram.com/the_hindu

Why did the top Court reject SBI’s plea?


What were the reasons given by the State Bank of India to the Supreme Court on why it could not furnish the relevant details pertaining to electoral bonds to the
Election Commission of India? What was the contempt plea filed against the public sector bank?

BACKGROUNDER THE GIST


Aaratrika Bhaumik 쑽
On March 11, the Supreme
The story so far: Court dismissed a plea by the

O
n March 11, the Supreme Court State Bank of India (SBI) to
dismissed a plea by the State extend the deadline till June
Bank of India (SBI) to extend 30, 2024, to provide details of
the deadline for providing electoral bonds purchased
details of electoral bonds purchased anonymously and their
anonymously and their encashment by encashment by political
political parties to June 30, 2024. A parties.
five-judge Bench headed by the Chief

Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud gave the
bank 24 hours, that is, by the close of The SBI filed a nine-page
business hours on March 12, to provide application before the Court
the details to the Election Commission of seeking time till June 30 to
India (ECI). It was also hearing a provide the ECI with the
contempt plea filed by NGOs — required details regarding the
Association for Democratic Reforms purchased electoral bonds. The
bank said that the information
(ADR) and Common Cause — against the
and documents were scattered
SBI Chairman Dinesh Kumar Khera that
across its various branches and
contended that the bank was deliberately decoding them was a
trying to ensure that details of donors and “time-consuming exercise.”
the amounts contributed to political
parties anonymously were not disclosed 쑽
to the public before the Lok Sabha Pointing out how the bank had
elections due in April-May. Analysis not even bothered to mention
reveals that the BJP was the scheme’s what it had been doing for the
greatest beneficiary. past 26 days since the February
15 judgment, the Chief Justice
Why was the contempt petition filed? remarked, “You are the SBI…
The petition was filed in the aftermath of There should be some candour
the Supreme Court’s verdict on February from your part. What have you
15 striking down the electoral bonds been doing for the past 26
scheme, where the Court had directed the days? There is not a word
SBI to furnish details of the bonds to the about that in your application”.
ECI by March 6, 2024. These details were Demanding accountability: CPI(M) workers stage a protest against the State Bank of India (SBI), outside the SBI office, in Chennai, on March 6. PTI
to include the date of purchase of each
bond, the name of the purchaser of the information sets (equal to twice the to retired Commodore Lokesh Batra in your application”. Indicating the
bond and the denomination of the bond number of bonds issued) as the details 2018, saying that it had spent ₹60.43 lakh seriousness of the directives, Justice
purchased. The ECI was subsequently relating to buyers and recipients of bonds on IT system development, ₹89.72 lakh on Sanjiv Khanna asked whether the bank
ordered to publish all such information were kept in two different information operational costs and that the net cost for wanted a specific judicial order to open
shared by the SBI on its official website by silos, the bank said. floating of electoral bonds was ₹1.5 crore. the sealed covers containing the bonds’
March 13, 2024. “This implies that a well-functioning IT details right there in the courtroom.
Why was the extension plea system is already in place with respect to Although the Bench said that it did not
Why did the SBI seek more time to challenged? management of sale and redemption of want to initiate contempt proceedings
comply? The contempt plea alleged that the bank electoral bonds,” the plea asserted. against the SBI, it underscored that it was
On March 4, the SBI filed a nine-page was deliberately trying to ensure that the Pointing out that only 19 out of the 29 the putting the bank on notice and that it
application before the Court seeking time amounts contributed anonymously to SBI authorised branches sold electoral would take action if the SBI failed to
till June 30 to provide the ECI with the political parties were not disclosed to the bonds and only 14 branches encashed ensure compliance.
required details regarding the purchased public before the Lok Sabha elections. them, the plea said that “data available as
electoral bonds. The bank said that the It was also pointed out that the bank’s of January 2024 further shows that only Why are the SBI’s claims contested by
information and documents were stand was directly contradictory to an 25 political parties had opened their experts?
scattered across its various branches and affidavit filed by the Union government on account and are eligible for encashing Professor Jagdeep Chhokar,
decoding them was a “time-consuming March 15, 2019, which said that electoral bonds” and “therefore, founder-member and trustee of the ADR,
exercise.” information about the bonds was compiling of this information should not termed the SBI move “not surprising but
According to the public sector bank, completely traceable and quickly be difficult as the system is already in unfortunate.” He earlier told The Hindu
not only were the details not maintained available. place.” that the “data is obviously in digital
centrally at one place, but the data related The petitioners further claimed that Such a “defiant approach” of the SBI format and collecting data from different
to the issuance of the bond and data the SBI maintains a secret number-based attempts to stifle a citizen’s right to audit States and locations and taking four
related to the redemption of the bond record of donors who buy bonds and the actions of the political class and is months for that is impossible in this day
were recorded “in two different silos.” political parties to which they donate. therefore contemptous, the petitioners and age.”
This was done to ensure that donors’ Additionally, each electoral bond also concluded. Concurring with this, former Finance
anonymity was protected, it said. The possessed a unique number making it Secretary Subhash Chandra Garg told The
Court was also apprised that donor details easier to trace it, they contended. “A What did the top court say? Wire that such information was “available
were kept in a sealed cover at the simple query on the database can At the outset of the proceedings, senior at the click of a button” and that the bank
designated branches and all such sealed generate a report in a particular format advocate Harish Salve appearing for the had either deliberately misconstrued or
covers were then deposited in its main which does not require any manual bank submitted that matching the bonds failed to understand the “simple nature of
branch located in Mumbai. “It can thus be verification,” the plea said. purchased and names of donors with the the six bits of information” that they are
noted that both sets of information were Highlighting that the SBI had enough parties which redeemed the bonds was a required to give to the ECI.
being stored independently of each other. manpower to retrieve the information “time-consuming and complex” exercise. According to a report published in The
Thus, to re-match them would be a task within the stipulated deadline, the He explained that the details were kept in Reporter’s Collective, the SBI has
requiring a significant amount of effort... petitioners pointed out, “The SBI has two separate silos and not stored in a previously provided similar data to the
the retrieval of information from each silo 2,60,000 employees, 22,500 worldwide digital format. Union government as well as the Finance
and the procedure of matching the branches administered by a But the CJI pointed out that the Ministry within 48 hours. It pointed out
information of one silo to that of the other headquarters, 17 local head offices, 101 judgment had not asked the bank to that all electoral bond-related work was
would be a time-consuming exercise,” its zonal offices and 208 foreign offices in 36 “match” information to ascertain who overseen by a specific team of the SBI
plea said. countries. It is hard to believe that the SBI contributed to which parties and only called the Transaction Banking Unit (TBU)
The SBI added that while some details is not able to gather information which wanted a “plain disclosure”. He asserted to ensure that the government can access
such as the number of bonds issued are the SBI has itself recorded.” Referring to that the SBI in its own application said crucial information on a short notice.
stored digitally, others such as the names Section (4) of Clause 7 of the scheme that that such information was “readily In 2019, a Huffington Post investigation
of the purchasers and Know Your makes it mandatory to disclose available”. divulged that in a January 2018 meeting,
Customer documentation are stored information furnished by a buyer when Pointing out how the bank had not the SBI had asked the Union Ministry of
physically in its various branches to demanded by a competent court, the even bothered to mention what it had Finance to include a serial number on the
“achieve the object of the scheme.” petitioners claimed that “it is been doing for the past 26 days since the bonds to have an audit trail. The bank
The bank further submitted that it inconceivable that the SBI does not have February 15 judgment, the Chief Justice believed that without such a number, it
needs to decode 22,217 electoral bonds the recorded information readily available remarked, “You are the SBI… There would fail to submit information on
issued between April 12, 2019, to within its database.” should be some candour from your part. donors and redeemers of bonds if a
February 15, 2024. This would involve The petitioners also relied on a Right to What have you been doing for the past 26 competent court or law enforcement
compiling and comparing 44,434 Information response given by the bank days? There is not a word about that in agency asked for it.
CM M ND-NDE
YK
THE HINDU
Tuesday, March 12, 2024 13
Delhi
Text&Context
BUILDING BLOCKS

FROM THE ARCHIVES

Know your
English
K. Subrahmanian

“Mr. E. S. Chandrasekaran,
Mahalingapuram, Madras, wants to know
why ‘to’ is left out in ‘I went home.’”
“It is a matter of usage. He went home,
not ‘he went to home’. ‘To’ is used with
‘house’.
I went to his house.
Go home and bring your books.
Go to his house and bring him here.
With verbs of motion, ‘to’ is not used
before ‘home’.
GETTY IMAGES I came home late in the night.
But ‘to’ is used when ‘home’ is

Understanding the basic principles of


preceded by a descriptive phrase.
She moved to her new home yesterday.
They went to her brother’s home.”
“Prof. M. Sethuramakumar wants to

artificial intelligence
know whether the sentence ‘Supper is
cooking’ is correct.”
“It is correct. Here it means that
supper is being cooked.
Rice is cooking.
Large language models are trained on a large corpus of text in which some words are randomly replaced by blanks and the machine’s task is to fill in ‘Cooking’ here means ‘undergo the
the blank. While trying to learn to predict the next word in the text correctly, the machine also learns something about the real world process of being cooked.’ By the way, one
who bakes is a baker, one who mends is a
mender. One who cooks is not a cooker,
Vasudevan Mukunth mostly dogs. At this point, the machine good because it uses more than 100 activation function gives to an input. Say but a cook. A cooker is an appliance for
has been trained and you stop it. billion parameters. there are different nodes to estimate the cooking. ‘Cooker’ also means ‘type of

I
ntelligence is the capacity of living fur colour, tail length, and dental profile fruit, especially apple, grown for cooking.’
beings to apply what they know to Thinking, slow and fast The types of learning in a given photo of a cat or a dog. All These are cookers and not apples that
solve problems. ‘Artificial Sometimes it’s very easy to separate a Linear classification is a fairly simple these nodes provide their outputs as are eaten raw.
intelligence’ (AI) is intelligence in a given dataset into two pieces, when you algorithm in machine-learning. There are inputs to a node responsible for A cook-general is a servant who
machine. There is currently no one can make reliable decisions with only one many algorithms that serve this purpose, separating ‘cat’ from ‘dog’. This way, the performs the duties of a cook and
definition of AI. A simple place to begin is parameter (e.g. face shape). and some of them are very complex. The nodes can be ‘taught’ to adjust their housemaid.”
with AI’s material existence, as a Sometimes it’s more difficult — like three main ways in which ‘machines’ can outcomes by adjusting the relative “Ms. Sheila Singh wants to know the
machine-software combination. asking the computer of a driverless car to be classified depending on the way they weights they assign to different inputs. difference between ‘inhibit’ and
determine whether it should apply the learn are supervised learning, While nodes are computing units, the ‘prohibit’.”
Steps of thinking brake based on how fast a bird is flying in unsupervised learning, and ANN itself is not a physical entity. It is “ ‘Prohibit’ means ‘to forbid, to
Consider linear classification, a simple front of the car. The set of outcomes on reinforcement learning. mathematical. A node is the ‘site’ of a prevent.’
example-problem: plot some points on a one side of the line stand for ‘no’ and the In supervised learning, the data is mathematical function. Put differently, Parking is prohibited in this area.
graph and find a way to draw a straight outcomes on the other side stand for labelled (for example, in a table, the row the ANN is like an algorithm that passes An outside authority is implied in
line through the graph such that it divides ‘yes’, and solving this could require and column titles are provided and information from one activation function ‘prohibit’. ‘Inhibit’ means ‘to prevent a
the points into two distinct groups. hundreds of parameters. datatypes — numbers, verbs, names, etc. to the next in a specific order. process or an action.’
Let’s make this more abstract. How They will also have to account for the — are pointed out). In unsupervised This medicine will inhibit further
would a machine differentiate between a context of decision-making. For example, learning, this information is withheld, Nvidia’s dominance spread of the disease.
cat and a dog in a picture? if the person in the car is in a hurry to get forcing the machine to understand how A graphic processing unit (GPU) is the ‘Inhibit’ also means ‘prevent somebody
Say you give the machine 1,000 to a hospital, is killing the bird okay? Or if the data can be organised and then solve physical processor that ‘runs’ the ANN. It from doing something that should be
pictures of cats and 1,000 pictures of the person in the car is not in a hurry, a problem. In reinforcement learning, was originally developed to render natural or easy to do.’
dogs, and ask it to separate them. (This how quickly should the car brake? etc. engineers score the machine’s output as it graphics for video games. It was better at She feels very inhibited in the presence
task is usually not given to a linear Sometimes it’s mind-boggling. For learns and solves problems on its own, this task than other processors at the time of elders.
classifier but it illustrates a point.) You example, ChatGPT is able to accept an and uses the scores to adjust its because it could run computing tasks in ‘Inhibition’ is a psychological term
also equip the machine with tools — say, a input question from a user, make ‘sense’ performance. parallel. It has been widely adopted since which means ‘a restraint on the direct
camera and an app that can measure of it, and answer accordingly. This ‘sense’ The way in which information flows as the basic computing unit for ANNs for expression of an instinct.’ Informally, it is
distances of different parts of an image, comes from its training corpus: the inside the machine is governed by the same feature. used to mean ‘an emotional resistance to
can analyse depth (using trigonometry), billions of sequences of words and artificial neural networks (ANNs), the The company Nvidia has emerged as a a thought, an action.’
and can assess colours. sentences scraped from the internet. software that ‘animates’ the hardware. technology giant because of its She has inhibitions about speaking in
The machine can proceed by ChatGPT learnt not by classifying production of GPUs. Its valuation was the public.”
classifying the cat and dog pictures in words but by predicting the next word in The machine’s ‘brain’ fastest in history to go from $1 trillion to “Mr. J. L Monteith, Jubilee Hills,
different ways: by shape of the face, shape a given sentence. In particular, large An ANN comprises computing units, or $2 trillion (in nine months). Every other Hyderabad, writes: “Your definition of
of the eyes, shape of the paw, body size, language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT nodes, connected together in such a way company that has been building large AI ‘watershed’ (April 23) is absolutely correct
size of the tongue, fur colours, etc. generate the text response without that the whole network learns the way an models is using Nvidia’s GPU-based chips in terms of English as used in Britain and
Because the machine has the necessary classifying it or relating the question to animal brain does. The nodes mimic to do so. In a 2023 analysis, financial most of the Commonwealth. In American
computing power, it can plot these similar examples. This is why generative neurons and the connections between services provider Seeking Alpha wrote English, however, a watershed is the area
features two at a time on a graph. For AI is different from a classification model. nodes mimic synapses. Every ANN has Nvidia’s overwhelming market share has that collects rainfall rather than its
example, the x-axis can represent the LLMs are trained on a large corpus of two components — activation functions stoked “resistance” in three ways: perimeter, so it is synonymous with
slope of the face and the y-axis the length text in which some words are randomly and weights. competitors are trying to develop to ‘catchment’ in British English. For reasons
of the paw. Or it can plot them three at a replaced by blanks and the machine’s task The activation function is an algorithm non-GPU hardware; researchers are that I have not been able to discover, all
time in a 3D graph. is to fill in the blank. While trying to learn that runs at a node. It accepts inputs from building smaller ANNs that require less Indian scientists and government
In all these cases, you watch until the to predict the next word in the text other nodes to which it is connected and resources; and developers are building departments follow the American
machine has found a way to separate the correctly, the machine also learns computes an output. The inputs and new software to sidestep dependency on terminology, described as ‘erroneous’ in
pictures into two groups such that one something about the process that created outputs are in the form of real numbers. specific hardware. Chambers’s Dictionary and deplored by
group is mostly cats and the other is the text: the real world. ChatGPT is so The weight is the ‘importance’ an With inputs from Viraj Kulkarni. Fowler in Modern English Usage.”
“Thank you for your remarks on
‘watershed.’ It is true that in American
English ‘watershed’ means ‘a drainage or
catchment area.’ ‘Watershed’ as used in
Please send in your answers to
THE DAILY QUIZ dailyquiz@thehindu.co.in
British English is known as ‘waterparting
or divide’ in American English.
Published in The Hindu on May 21, 1991.

The film Oppenheimer overwhelmed the competition at the 96th Academy


Awards by winning seven awards. A quiz on the Oscars
Radhika Santhanam Walker, was nominated for 11 Academy Questions and Answers to the previous day’s daily quiz:
Awards, but went home empty-handed. 1. The first ever player to appear in 100 Test matches. Ans:
X Name it. Colin Cowdrey
QUESTION 1 X 2. The only player to have played his entire career without
This American, an important QUESTION 4 missing any Tests. Ans: Brendon McCullum
presence in the history of During the 89th Academy Awards, La 3. The only player to have led his country in more than 100
animation, is famous for creating La Land was announced as the winner Test matches. Ans: Graeme Smith (South Africa)
characters of barnyard animals. He for Best Picture. The whole team of the 4. The only player to have scored a century in each innings in
was presented with an honorary film went on stage and accepted the his 100th Test. Ans: Ricky Ponting
Academy Award consisting of one award. Then it was announced that 5. The two players to have scored a double century in their
full-size award and seven smaller another film had actually won Best 100th Test. Ans: Joe Root and David Warner
ones. Who is he and what do the Picture. Name that film. 6. The connection between the duos of Kapil Dev and Sachin
seven small ones represent? X Tendulkar and Shane Warne and Graeme Smith. Ans:
X QUESTION 5 Kapil’s 100th Test was Sachin’s debut Test and similarly
QUESTION 2 In 1940, Hattie McDaniel, the winner of Warne’s 100th test was Smith’s debut Test.
Along with Titanic and Ben-Hur, this the Academy Award for Best 7. These two players played their first and 100th Test
movie, which is part of a trilogy, has Supporting Actress, sat at a separate matches against the same opponent in the same ground.
the highest number of wins at the table in the room with her escort and Ans: Carl Hooper and Angelo Mathews
Academy Awards. Name the film. her agent and not with the rest of the X Visual: Idenfitfy the two players and what connects them. For feedback and suggestions for
X team of the film Gone With The Wind. Visual question: Ans: Gordon Greenidge and Javed Miandad. They were Text & Context, please write to
QUESTION 3 When she died, her final wish, to be This painting by V.S. Gaitonde is of a woman artist who the only players to have scored a century on their Test letters@thehindu.co.in
This film, based on a buried in the Hollywood Cemetery, was was a member of the Bombay Progressive Artists’ Group. debut as well as 100th Test. with the subject ‘Text & Context’
Pulitzer-winning novel by Alice denied. Why? She later went on to win an Academy Award. Name her. Early Birds: Prashant Nain| Tamal Biswas| Rajmohan. V
CM M ND-NDE
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SBI on check
Whistleblower
Embarrassment for the bank at the apex court as digital
T regulator?
he Supreme Court has done well to pin
down a dithering State Bank of India (SBI),
the sole bank authorised to issue Electoral
Bonds (EBs), into disclosing details of all such bonds
purchased since April, 2019. The SBI wanted time
until June, well after the general elections, to submit DIGITAL SAFEGUARDS.
these details. But in forcing the bank to furnish these Financial incentives to whistleblowers
details within 24 hours, the Court has sought to can curb breaches by data fiduciaries
ensure that citizens who vote in the upcoming
general elections can be better informed about GETTY IMAGES/ISTOCKPHOTO
funding received by political parties.
The Bench, led by Chief Justice of India (DPB) of India to address grievances we propose to financially incentivise $140,000, which is roughly the income
DY Chandrachud, came down heavily on regarding personal data breaches. It whistleblowers. for three years.
remains to be seen whether DPB will be Hence, the whistleblower is able to
the SBI for not complying with its able to act efficiently, given the large ACT’S DRAWBACKS sustain herself well before finding
judgment of February 15. The CJI minced volume of data being processed by the India’s Whistle Blowers Protection Act, another job.
no words at the SBI’s apparent REIJUL SACHDEV Data Fiduciaries. 2014 is meant to protect individuals who In more than 30 per cent of the cases,
prevarication. “Our judgement is dated V SRIDHAR Violations of the DPDP Act by Data blow the whistle against power abuse by the whistleblower’s next job is better
Fiduciaries, such as selling personal data public servants. than the job at the accused firm.
February 15. Today is March 11. In the last to third parties or processing it without The biggest drawback of this Act is

T
26 days, what is the extent of matching he long debated Digital explicit or deemed consent of Data that it does not protect or incentivise EMPOWERING WHISTLEBLOWERS
done by you? The affidavit is silent on this. Markets Act legislated by Principals, are often very difficult to those who work in the private sector and Hence, we propose that the
We expect a degree of candour from the the European Union (EU) detect. want to blow the whistle on their whistleblower can become the backbone
came into effect from March Hence the regulations dictate that the employers to the government. of detecting cases of personal data
SBI,” remarked the CJI. Indeed, with all the 6, mainly targeted at six Big Data Fiduciaries put in place measures Some contend that whistleblowing breaches in India, thereby reducing the
technical expertise at its command, it is Tech firms, designated as “gatekeepers”, and processes to detect, report and should be considered as an “altruistic” complexities of auditing and
strange that the SBI found it difficult to namely, Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, initiate corrective actions in case of activity for the larger social good and no enforcement.
submit the data on time. The Court was ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft. deviations. steps should be taken to provide We recommend that the
unambiguous in its February 15 judgment The EU has put in place severe However, unless the probability of personal gain or a financial incentive to whistleblowers may report to the DPB
penalties if firms deviate from the code detecting such violations through whistleblowers to prevent false any such incidents and that the DPB may
which, while striking down the EB Scheme of conduct mentioned in the Act. The external audits authorised by the DPB is positives. take it forward with further auditing if
as violative of the citizen’s fundamental last time such measures were enacted by high and the penalties very severe, there On the contrary, financial incentives required.
right to be informed about who is the EU was the General Data Protection is little incentive for the Data have long been provided to Any legal costs are borne by the DPB,
contributing large sums to political parties, Regulation (GDPR) in 2016. Fiduciaries to comply. whistleblowers under the False Claims once it is satisfied that the case bears
In India, the Digital Personal Data We propose an alternative — Act (FCA) (originally enacted in 1863) merit and may even be carried on for
also held that the SBI shall submit details of Protection (DPDP) Act 2023 has been “whistleblowing” — for detecting in the US. The Department of Justice — overseas whistleblowers. The penalty is
EBs and the recipient political parties to the inspired by the GDPR. It has been deviations of Data Fiduciaries with the watchdog regulatory body in the US divided between the DPB and the
Election Commission by March 6, 2024. observed that if any legislation is not respect to breach of personal data. — has ensured speedier settlements whistleblower(s).
Clearly, SBI’s defence that the audited and enforced, it doesn’t deter Whistleblowers, mainly employees of with some payouts to the Using the EU GDPR as a guideline,
deviations. the Data Fiduciaries, who have whistleblowers. our extensive simulations indicate that
information sought by the Court existed in Since its inception, the collective knowledge of violations could come There is a concern that introducing out of the penalty of 4 per cent of the
two silos that added up to 44,434 folios of fines for violations of EU-GDPR have forward and expose such incidents. financial incentives for whistleblowers annual gross revenue, if 1 per cent is
EBs was a weak one that the Court grossed €4 billion; the largest being the However, they may get fired and/or will lead to more frivolous lawsuits awarded to the whistleblower, it can
immediately trashed. If the bank believed €1.2 billion slapped on Meta by the Irish blacklisted by their employers. Hence, being filed. Furthermore, retaliation is effectively stop voluntary breaches by
that it could delay the inevitable disclosure Data Protection Commission in 2023. found to be common towards Data Fiduciaries.
Norway slapped a daily fine of $93,000 As whistleblowers can whistleblowers in the US, with nearly 37 This assumes importance, especially
with the excuse it did not have enough time on Meta for unlawful behavioural often be blacklisted or per cent being fired, 16 per cent in India, which is witnessing exponential
to match the donor with the beneficiary advertising. harassed, 10 per cent threatened, etc. growth of the digital economy, but is
party, it was bad strategy. The Court was However, the enforcement fired by their employers, Researchers have estimated that lacking in regulatory capacity for
quick to point out that it never did ask for mechanism is still weak in many financially incentivising while the average employment gap protecting the digital nagriks of the
countries, including India. Pending between the job at the previous firm and country.
such matching in the first place but plain enactment, the DPDP Act envisages them could help in the next job is 1.1 years, the average
disclosure of the information available with setting up the Data Protection Board detection of data violations payout to the whistleblower is about The writers are with IIIT-Bangalore
the bank. SBI’s predicament is
understandable though, hemmed in as it is
by a dominant shareholder who may desire
to withhold information, and the bank’s
own commitment to bond buyers to
maintain confidentiality. But in the face of
SBI’s difficulty in providing details on electoral bonds
an angry Court the bank’s options were
next to nothing. State Bank says that the details on electoral bonds are not stored in a centralised location. The Supreme Court is in no mood to relent
To make matters worse, the affidavit
supporting the bank’s application was bl explainer place. The data related to the issuance of
the bond and the data related to the
parties which redeemed the bonds was a
“time-consuming and complex” exercise.
neither sworn by the Chairman nor the redemption of the bond was recorded in Details were kept in two separate silos and
Managing Director but rather an Assistant Shishir Sinha two different silos to ensure that donors’ not stored in a digital format. The
General Manager, a fact that did not escape anonymity is protected. judgment had capsized the “core
What had the Supreme Court Further it mentioned that between purpose” of the electoral bonds scheme,
the CJI’s notice, although the Court did not directed SBI to do on February 15, April 12, 2019, and February 15, 2024 which was “utmost secrecy”.
initiate contempt proceedings as had been 2023? (date of judgment), 22,217 electoral The Court, however, said that it had not
urged by the petitioner, putting the bank on While declaring the scheme bonds were used for making donations to directed the SBI to match the details of
notice instead. The SC’s follow-up action unconstitutional on February 15, a various political parties. the donor and the donee. “The SBI has to
marks a welcome step in ushering five-judge Constitutional Bench directed Redeemed bonds were deposited in just open the sealed cover, collate the
SBI to submit details of the Electoral Mumbai main branch by the authorised details and give the information to the
transparency in electoral bonds. But it Bonds purchased since April 12, 2019 till branches at the end of each phase in Election Commission,” Court said
should not be forgotten that cleaning up date to the Election Commission of India. sealed envelopes.
poll funding altogether calls for a broader It wanted details including the date of Coupled with the fact that two APEX COURT. Harsh words for SBI What has the Supreme Court ruled
set of reforms, encompassing the corporate purchase of each Electoral Bond, the different information silos existed, this regarding the extension of the
name of the purchaser of the bond and the would mean that a total of 44,434 deadline on Monday?
and political domains. Mere disclosure of denomination of the Electoral Bond information sets would have to be What is the significance of the The bench said that the submissions of
donors and beneficiaries of EBs, which is purchased. decoded, compiled and compared, the purchase and redemption details SBI in its application indicates that
just one form of electoral funding, is not SBI was also asked to disclose details of bank said while admitting that the of electoral bonds for political information sought is readily available.
going to move the needle significantly. each Electoral Bond encashed by political timeline of three weeks fixed by the court parties? Thus, the application by SBI seeking time
parties which will include the date of in its judgment would not be sufficient for If names of the purchasers are made until June 30 for disclosing the details was
encashment and the denomination of the the entire exercise to be completed. public and serial numbers are matched dismissed
Electoral Bond for the same period. The Supreme Court has rejected this with redemption by a specific political
argument. The Court said the SBI’s party, the general public will know, who What next? Will SBI be in contempt
POCKET RAVIKANTH
What were the difficulties that SBI submissions sufficiently indicate that the donated to which party. This will give of court if it fails to comply with
was citing while seeking extension information is readily available. ammunition for the ruling as well as the apex court directive?
of the March 12 deadline for The Court did not buy the argument Opposition parties to attack each other, The court said it did not want to initiate
furnishing the information? that SBI needs time until June 30 to with donors getting caught in the contempt proceedings against the SBI as
In its application to extend the due date compile the information that is already crossfire. of now. However, the Bench said it was
for submission of information, SBI said available with it. “You are the number 1 Senior advocate Harish Salve, for the putting the bank on notice, saying it
details of purchases made at the branches bank in the country. We expect you to SBI, explained that matching the bonds would take action if SBI did not comply
are not maintained centrally at any one handle it,” said the Court. purchased and names of donors with the with the directions of March 11.

LETTERS TO EDITOR Send your letters by email to bleditor@thehindu.co.in or by post to ‘Letters to the Editor’, The Hindu Business Line, Kasturi Buildings, 859-860, Anna Salai, Chennai 600002.
Women’s hurdles compared to their counterparts in Southern outreach Elected representatives of the city who eke out for their living.
This is with reference to the article western countries, face more BJP’s core constituency is the Hindi administration who are tasked with The task undertaken by the Adani
‘Why women’s participation in sports complex issues and hurdles such as heartland. Its energetic foray into enabling and improving the water group is formidable. Reshaping
still lagging’ (March 11). entrenched patriarchal attitudes, South is to boost its legislative clout, supply to households are themselves Dharavi involves Rehabilitation,
Most of the sportspersons especially lack of financial support, lack of be it on its own or riding the back of (or their associates) operating the Resettlement and Rehousing. Many
the women come from a humble proper and adequate sports facilities, regional entities. highly lucrative business of water could own the tenements, living there
background. fears of sexual harassment and the Divisiveness having been adopted as tankers. There is clearly a conflict of and a portion of it is let out. Though it
Also most of the sports bodies are male dominated sports the operational politics with some interest here. is a bit of a complicated process, the
controlled by powerful politicians. administration bodies, etc. success in central belt, the BJP, alas V Vijaykumar enumeration and capturing data on
Sports bodies are riddled with While some of these problems like carries the same tool box to South. Pune the areas owned by them with clear
politics, corruption, nepotism and patriarchal attitudes may take time to The saffron party, like the Congress, demarcation on living space and the
sexual harassment of women overcome, creating congenial errs in assessing regional Dharavi imperatives one used for commercial purpose is a
sportspersons and need a thorough atmosphere for women undercurrents and regional leaders This refers to 'Adani pulls out all stops must before commencing the civil
clean up. sportspersons free of harassment are wary of the BJP. to make Dharavi slum rehabilitation works and must be digitised by linking
The Sports Ministry must appoint can be quickly addressed. R Narayanan smooth' (March 11). Reframing with Aadhaar.
sportspersons with impeccable For instance, Why should sports Navi Mumbai Dharavi is a challenging task. Millions Centre had recently offered to use
credentials to run sports bodies to bodies meant for sportswomen have of people stay in one room tenants or the sprawling space of 45 acres of
encourage women. any representation of men? Dry Bengaluru rather one room kitchen (ORK) as it is Railway land adjacent to Dharavi
Veena Shenoy Further, government needs to The water crisis in Bengaluru is making famously called in Mumbai city. which would help them in getting
Thane identify and encourage female sports national headlines. The matter It is a refuge for daily wagers, coolies, relocated temporarily.
talent from the school stage, provide requires nation-wide efforts for water taxi drivers, autorickshaw drivers, People of Dharavi are like wheels on
Apropos the article “Why women’s financial assistance. conservation, water bodies’ platform vendors, painters, cobblers, which the Mumbai city runs.
participation in sports is still lagging” Kosaraju Chandramouli preservation, and sustainable petty shopkeepers, vegetable RV Baskaran
(March 11), Indian women, Hyderabad agricultural practices. vendors and safai karamcharis etc Chennai

Published by Nirmala Lakshman at Kasturi Buildings, Jamshedji Tata Road, Mumbai-400020 and Printed by N. Vaidyanathan at Dangat Media Pvt. Ltd., No.22, Dighe Midc, Vishnu Nagar, TTC Industrial Area, Dighe, Navi Mumbai-400701, Maharashtra on behalf of THG Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Editor: Raghuvir Srinivasan (Responsible for selection of news under PRB Act). ISSN 0971 - 7528

CM
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Biden’s predicament
His stand on Gaza isn’t helping his election fortunes
SUBRAMANI RA MANCOMBU
Sridhar Krishnaswami

A
few significant

I
t may not be the first time developments have taken
that leaders of the US and place in the global rice
Israel are exchanging sharp market over the last
words over an ongoing situation, fortnight that the Indian
but Benjamin Netanyahu has government has to take note of and
forcefully come back against come up with policy actions
President Joe Biden calling him immediately.
flat out wrong in the assessment Despite various measures taken by
of the ongoing war in Gaza. Biden the government to keep inflation under
had maintained that the Prime RE-ELECTION. Strong headwinds control, particularly in trying to curb the
Minister’s approach was “hurting rise in foodgrain prices, there are
Israel more than helping Israel”, concerns that the situation could turn
adding that Netanyahu “must pay the Democrats and Republicans. out to be tricky over the next 3-4
more attention” to the loss of Israel continues to enjoy solid months.
MOORTHY G

All’s not well on


innocent lives as a consequence of support in the US, but President
actions in Gaza. Biden is facing a near revolt LOWER OUTPUT
In an interview with Politico on among the left wing of the There are a few reasons why such a
Sunday, Netanyahu hit back at Democratic Party, the situation could arise. First, this crop
Biden saying that the American Progressives and the much year to June will likely see a lower

the rice front


President was wrong on “both needed support of Independents. production of rice. On February 29, the
counts”. If President Biden meant Trump added to Biden’s woes, Union Ministry of Agriculture and
“that I’m pursuing private policies saying, “You’ve got to finish the Farmers’ Welfare came up with the
against… the wish of the majority problem,” almost openly second advance estimate of various
of Israelis and that this is hurting endorsing the offensives in Gaza crops for the 2023-24 crop year. The
the interests of Israel, then he’s against the Hamas. An argument estimate showed that rice production
wrong on both counts,” the Israeli has been made that had it not will be one per cent lower at 123.83 GRIM OUTLOOK. With production projected to be lower this year, water levels in
leader remarked going on to make been for the large protest vote in million tonnes (mt). reservoirs precariously low and export curbs not effective enough, rice prices could jump
the point that people in the Jewish Michigan and a looming Super The projection does not include zaid
state “also support my position Tuesday, the Biden (summer) crop production, which was
that says that we should administration would not have 10.24 mt last year. rainfall in the country since June 2023, is 104-105 mt, though. This means that the shipments. Despite these measures, rice
resoundingly reject the attempt to embarked on air dropping food The rice trade, however, says cereal likely to dissipate by May-end, there is supply will be tight as the Centre has exports have dropped by only 17 per
ram down our throats a packets and plans for the production could be at least 9-10 mt no word yet on when the monsoon will procured 40 per cent of the rice cent. This also gives rise to the suspicion
Palestinian state”. construction of a temporary pier lower than government estimates. Also, set in and how its behaviour will be this produced during the kharif season. The that the Customs authorities have not
in the Mediterranean to facilitate it could be difficult for zaid production year. There is, however, some hope as government has launched Bharat rice at been vigilant enough in preventing rice
DEFIANT NETANYAHU movement of humanitarian aid. to top 10 mt again this year since the the La Nina, which brings copious rains ₹29 a kg only because the supply from leaving Indian shores in the garb of
Tensions between Washington Still all this may not be enough water level in reservoirs, particularly in to India, is likely to re-emerge after June. situation is tight. some other commodity.
and Tel Aviv were quite apparent to move back Democratic voters the southern region, is worrisome. Be that is it may, the overall water The reason for the launch of Bharat
over the weekend after Biden to support the re-election of situation will unlikely improve before rice is to bring down the price of rice, OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
made it known that he opposed President Biden. While some see RESERVOIRS’ STORAGE June 1. This raises doubts if paddy will which has increased by 30 per cent over There are a couple of developments
any escalation of the conflict into the administration’s efforts as too The second reason is the storage level in be sown on time this year or what the past year. However, the efforts have abroad too that need to be taken note of.
Rafah and that he could not accept little too late, others see it as a the 150 major reservoirs in the country farmers will prefer to do in the wake of brought down prices by about 10 per Vietnam, the world’s third-largest
“30,000 more Palestinians dead”. farcical exercise in an election has dropped sharply to 41 per cent of the empty reservoirs and low soil moisture, cent only. export of rice, has begun to import rice
A defiant Netanyahu stressed that year — providing humanitarian 178.784 billion cubic metres capacity. particularly in the South. After having managed to procure 44 besides planning to cut exports by at
the Israeli forces would move into assistance on one hand and Compared to last year, it is 42 This then leads us to a scenario where mt, the FCI may be able to procure least one million tonnes. Farmers in
Rafah and that his “red line” was replenishing the military arsenal percentage points lower and in terms of the situation is unlikely to be clear at another 4-5 mt too, thus falling short of Thailand have been asked not to grow
something different. “We’ll go of Israel on the other, in an effort the last 10 years’ average, it is lower by least until July-end. the Centre’s target of 53.43 mt. As the off-season rice due to poor water
there (Rafah). We’re not going to to placate both the Arab American 55 percentage points. Centre supplies rice mainly for availability. Bangkok, too, plans to lower
leave… I have a red line…that and Jewish vote banks. The storage in the southern region, FCI PROCUREMENT beneficiaries of the Prime Minister’s its rice exports by at least 1.3 mt
October 7 doesn’t happen again,” With the Israeli Prime Minister where there is a good scope to grow zaid Third, the Food Corporation of India Anna Kalyan Yojana, it is a moot compared to that in 2023.
Netanyahu said referring to the categorically ruling out a rice, is 26 per cent of the capacity. The (FCI) has procured 44 mt of rice out of question if the stocks will be sufficient Only Pakistan seems to be
Hamas terror attack that day that two-state solution and insisting level in nearly 10 reservoirs, most of the Centre’s 111 mt estimate of the enough. comfortable exporting rice, though its
killed nearly 1,200 Israelis. that he would not allow the them in the key rice-growing areas of kharif rice production. The private stocks are limited. With the global rice
Health authorities in Gaza are Palestinian authority to keep its Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and sector has pegged the estimate at EXPORTS DOWN JUST 17% market turning tight, the difference in
saying that about 32,000 people way in the Gaza, the question Karnataka, besides Tamil Nadu, is in In order to ensure food security and parboiled rice prices between India, the
have died thus far and about
75,000 injured with hundreds of
arises as to what senior Biden
administration officials are doing
single digits.
With no forecast of rain over the next
As the Centre supplies keep prices under control, the Centre
has taken various measures since
most competitive country, and others
such as Thailand and Pakistan has
bodies yet to be pulled out of the criss-crossing the Middle East few weeks and the temperature set to be rice mainly for September 2022. narrowed.
debris. The fear now is that if other than vague ideas of a above normal, the water level is beneficiaries of the It first banned exports of broken rice In these circumstances, the million
Israel gets into Rafah, the ceasefire and hostage deals that expected to only drop further. This and then imposed a 20 per cent duty on dollar question is: How far will imposing
casualties will mount on top of an have not endured in the past. could mean that some of them could Prime Minister’s Anna white rice. export duty be effective? This requires
already catastrophic situation. Between an envisaged $18 billion even go dry by the time the South-West Kalyan Yojana, it is a Last year, it banned exports of white immediate attention from the Indian
According to Netanyahu, the in new military funding, hard-line monsoon sets in on June 1. rice, levied a 20 per cent export duty on government, which should look at
death toll would include some Republicans vowing to deport Though the El Nino weather pattern, moot question if the stocks parboiled rice and fixed $950 a tonne as various options to take stock of the
13,000 terrorists, just how he Arab Americans and denying visas which is the primary reason for deficient will be sufficient. minimum export price for basmati emerging scenario.
arrived that figure has not been to Palestinians, President Biden
explained. would seem to have a full plate in
Netanyahu may say “the last an election year. Add to this the
thing I want to do is enter the rock bottom approval rating, and
American political arena” when the picture is complete.
asked if he preferred Donald
Trump, but even a political novice
would have noticed that the Gaza
conflict is already on the agenda of
The writer is a senior journalist who has reported
from Washington DC on North America and
United Nations
Societal pitfalls in women’s empowerment
Mangaiyarkarasi J less valuable than men. One study by with the norm of male breadwinning.
Bhalotra et al, which examined the In a paper in The Quarterly Journal of

G
ender gap in pay is not the only impact of legal reforms that grant Economics, economists Marianne
thehindu businessline. issue confronting women.
Even those who earn more than
women equal rights to inherit property
in India, found that the first-born child
Bertrand, Emir Kamenica and Jessica
Pan say that in couples where the wife’s
men have to bear the brunt of social after the reform was enacted was less potential income is likely to exceed the
TWENTY YEARS AGO TODAY. prejudice. likely to be a girl. husband’s, she is less likely to be in the
Arecent World Bank report on labour force.
March 12, 2004 gender differences at workplace REFORMS’ PERVERSE IMPACT The authors also found that where
highlights this unfairness. No country in Perversely, the reform had led to the wife earns more than the husband,
Maersk-Concor set to bag JNPT deal the world accords women the same increase in female foeticide, excess she spends more time on household
The Maersk-Concor team is set to win the deal for developing and operating a opportunities as men in the workforce, female infant mortality and son-biased PAY GAP. It must be bridged ISTOCK chores. And those couples are less
new container terminal at Jawaharlal Nehru Port by quoting the highest revenue finds the Women, Business and the Law fertility stopping. satisfied with their marriage and are
share of 35.5 per cent. In the process, the Maersk-Concor consortium pipped report, which studied the laws that Long before the amendment to the 77 cents for every dollar paid to men, more likely to divorce. These studies
other contenders for the ₹1,000-crore project. affect women’s economic opportunity Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, and closing the gap could raise global show the widespread existence of
in 190 economies. 2005, the Pre-Conception and GDP by more than 20 per cent, said the sexism in spite of laws, policies and
Ten Sports may use DD platform to reach out The 10th edition of the report, for the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act report. But men are particularly regulations aimed at preventing them.
The match between Ten Sports and Doordarshan (DD) over the television rights first time, went beyond the law books to was enacted in 1994 to eradicatefemale unhappy with their spouses’ financial In our day-to-day lives, we may not
for the upcoming Indo-Pak cricket series seems to be a fight to the last ball. While assess the gap between laws and the foeticide. But patriarchal norms change successes. An Australian National realise that we are contributing to these
Prasar Bharati is pitching hard to get the terrestrial rights of these matches, Ten policies put in place to implement them. slowly, if at all. And legislation alone University study found that women problems. So fixing these problems is an
Sports is trying to make the most of the deal. And one of the strong possibilities is While 95 countries enacted laws on cannot change the social mindset. who earn more than their male partners individual responsibility. This calls for
Ten Sports offering its live feed to DD along with the advertisements and the equal pay, only 35 had measures in place Unless the collective will of the society face 33 per cent higher partner violence introspection. Ask the women in your
logo. to ensure equal pay. is changed to value daughters as much and 20 per cent higher emotional abuse. lives what you can do to make their lives
Even when laws are made, their as sons, laws will remain ineffective. This did not hold when the husband better.
S&P pats India for BPO success, warns on infrastructure effectiveness is conditioned by The World Bank report also found earned more. The study points out that As Harvard economist Sendhil
International rating agency, Standard & Poor’s, lauded India’s competitiveness in conventional social norms in an that the global gender gap was much for men, earning more than half of the Mullainathan once said, “Old habits die
IT, BPO and telecom sectors but warned that inadequate infrastructure environment where women areseen as wider than assumed. Women earn just couple’s income represents compliance hard, but these are surely worth killing.”
continued to hamper sustained high economic growth. Frustrating labour laws
and reliance on timely rainfall are some of the other growth impediments, it said.

BL TWO-WAY CROSSWORD 2393


EASY NOT SO EASY
ACROSS DOWN ACROSS DOWN
1. Mass of precious metal (5) 1. Not easily ruffled (13) 1. When batting, obtained block of gold (5) 1. Monsieur Pirate: burble about his not being able to be
4. Devilish (7) 2. Grumble (6) 4. Posed before Inca revolution could become devilish (7) shaken (13)
8. The furnishing of 3. Testimonies (8) 8. Store measure taken beforehand (9) 2. Game complaint (6)
something (9) 4. Capuchin monkey (3) 9. Creature showing every other to have gone up (3) 3. Expressions of approbation, but attempts to get around it (8)
9. Large antelope (3) 5. Quality of sound (4) 10. Engineers will find how deep it is to echo (7) 4. The Capuchin monkey is a mixture (3)
10. Echo (7) 6. Find carping faults 12. Sparkle gone from the beer, even? (4) 5. Sound quality in depth of colour (4)
12. Apartment (4) with (6) 14. Revolutionary to seem to get head afoot buys it 6. Going first and last in the river, nag pettily (6)
14. Gets back pledge (7) 7. Balancing amount (13) backs (7) 7. The continued fight against the flab should ... balance? (13)
17. Formal dance (4) 11. Vision (5) 17. The cherry dance? (4) 11. See some action that isn't really there (5)
18. Charge, command (7) 13. Prominent position (8)' 18. A charge also found in a spouse (7) 13. The height of ecclesiastical address (8)
20. Germ (3) 15. Slender (6) 20. Listening device might make one ill (3) 15. It's an affront, but not a very big one (6)
21. Commencement (9) 16. Sea-soldier (6) 21. Begging, lose heart: get round tavern for a start, so ... (9) 16. Give this serviceman a sub first and it will go under (6)
23. Beg (7) 19. Having sufficient skill (4) 23. ... beg people to lose their head and stand a round (7) 19. Powerful enough to stick end of thumb in the drink (4)
24. Vote into office (5) 22. Obtain (3) 24. Enable one standing to sit (5) 22. A bit of a midge, trying to irritate one (3)

SOLUTION: BL TWO-WAY CROSSWORD 2392


ACROSS 2. Ruled 5. Bust 7. Grab 8. Referred 9. Fourteen 11. Find 12. Procrastinate 15. Aver 17. Mingling 19. Armchair 21. Plum 22. Keep 23. Dwell
DOWN 1. Fervour 2. Rub 3. Large 4. Defunct 5. Bar 6. Sheen 10. Racer 11. Final 13. Armband 14. Tonsure 16. Verge 18. Nurse 20. Cup 21. Pal
CM
YK ... . . . . . . BM-BME
>
OPINION 9
STAY INFORMED THROUGH THE DAY @ WWW.BUSINESS-STANDARD.COM

VOLUME XXX NUMBER 282 ILLUSTRATION: BINAY SINHA

NEW DELHI | TUESDAY, 12 MARCH 2024

New-age trade deal


in. How do you compete against a company spend-
India should focus on bringing technology ing more than $30 billion a year each in terms of

R
unning a race against time, India has managed to sign a trade and invest- capex and research and design (R&D), as all the glob-
ment agreement with the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) prior to the al platform stocks do? And how does one compete
against Nvidia, which has the software/hardware
electoral code of conduct coming into force and limiting such announce-
integration, head start in graphics processing units
ments. The EFTA is a free-trade area comprising four nations that are on (GPUs), and has locked much of TSMC’s leading
themarginsofthelargerEuropeanCustomsunion.Thefourcountries—Switzerland, edge Fab capacity?
Norway, Liechtenstein, and Iceland — are not the largest economies in the area. These competitive advantages get only further
But all of them are very high-income countries, and have strong positions in certain enhanced in the world of artificial intelligence (AI).
supply chains. In the world of finance, for example, both Switzerland (through its The cost of compute for training and inference and
banking sector) and Norway (through its sovereign wealth fund) have a dispropor- the need for data ensure that only two or three global
tionate influence. Tiny Liechtenstein also has an innovative financial sector, partic- companies will dominate the development of large
language models.
ularly when it comes to ESG (environment, social, governance) investing.
Either regulatory action or an innovator’s inability
The agreement India and the EFTA have signed is thus of interest not just to adapt business models to AI may be the only way
in terms of how a large but relatively poor country negotiates with a small high- these stocks lose their clout. However, while it is
income bloc, but what it reveals about how free-trade agreements (FTAs) are tempting to look at the size of these seven companies,
increasingly being designed. In the traditional sense, FTAs were based around their concentration, relative performance and the

The Magnificent 7
the benefits conferred by the mutual lowering of tariffs. That is no longer the valuation of the US, jumping to the conclusion that
sole extent, however, of trade negotiations. Had it been the case, then it might we are in a bubble may be too hasty a judgement.
If we look at other indicators on sentiment, initial
have been viewed as one-sided — as tariffs on non-agricultural Indian goods in
public offering, new investor numbers and margin
these countries are already relatively low. Trade negotiations now include debt levels, we are in a bull market, but not a bubble.
“behind-the-border” requirements, such as harmonised regulations that can Similarly, retail trading activity and flows into equi-
make trade easier. These mechanisms were developed, however, in response to
concerns expressed by interest groups in high-income countries. India has inno-
The current level of concentration of tech giants in US markets is ties are not at bubble levels either. There remains a
wall of worry around the US markets, and, in my
vated in this case, by including a different kind of “behind-the-border” require- unprecedented. Could this be a bubble in the making? opinion, we have not yet reached euphoria. Long-
ment. It has conditioned the lowering of tariffs on the mobilisation of large- term bull markets typically end with euphoria. It

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scale investment by the EFTA countries. The EFTA states have said they will he Magnificent Seven is the new acronym the world, larger than China and more than double may come, as we are about to enter an interest rate
everyone is talking about in global equity the third-largest market, Japan. The single largest easing cycle, with markets at all-time highs!
“aim to increase” foreign direct investment in India through their countries by
markets. They are the seven largest compa- stock, Microsoft, at a market capitalisation of over The hype around AI continues to build and will
$50 billion in the first decade after the agreement comes into force. They have nies by market capitalisation in the US $3 trillion, would on its own be the fifth-largest mar- overshoot. Falling rates and easing liquidity can
also promised another $50 billion in the five years after that. It is not exactly (Microsoft,Apple, Nvidia, Amazon,Alphabet,Meta, ket in the world (just after India). Today, Microsoft supercharge the AI hype further. AI provides the
easy to see how these numbers could be mobilised. But it reflects these countries, Tesla) and have been on a tear over the past few and Apple individually have market capitalisation unquantifiable technological disruption narrative,
as financial hubs, using their comparative advantage in international trade in years. These companies have seemingly been the greater than the UK stock market. The scale and which when combined with liquidity/leverage and
an interesting and novel way. driving force behind the markets, and their earnings, absolute size of this magnitude are unprecedented sentiment, can drive markets into a bubble.
The broader question must be how the benefits of trade with such small, most recently Nvidia’s, drive market sentiment. in my experience. What is clear is that long-term returns from here
high-income countries can be scaled up across the Indian economy. It is not just Rarely have so few stocks been so important for Even on the basis of profits, we are in a different for the US are likely to be muted. Valuations are not
global equities. world. Taking trailing 12 months profits, the Mag useful for short-term market timing as markets can
finance that India needs for its various wealth-creating sectors if growth and
If we look at relative perfor- Seven have a total net profit of $361 overshoot and stay expensive for years. However,
employment generation are to take hold over the coming decades. Technology mance, the reason for the hype is billion—almost equal to the total valuations remain the best possible predictor of
is another crucial input. Here technical transfer is a component of trade that obvious. Over the last nine years, the profits of corporate Japan and half long-term returns.
needs closer attention. EFTA countries — like many of their counterparts in the Mag Seven stocks have surged more the profits of all the companies listed In the US, initial starting point valuations
European Union — have companies that have cutting-edge technology but lack than 18 times, compared to less than in China. explain more than 80 per cent of the subsequent
scale. India can provide scale as long as it is seen as a reliable destination in three times for the S&P 500. As these Their profits on an absolute 10-year returns. Based on research done by BofA,
terms of intellectual property protection. Joint research and development — or, seven stocks have gained greater basis are more than double the prof- at current valuation levels, one should not expect
at least, the application at scale in India of ideas which have survived proof of prominence, the US stock market its of all the companies listed in more than low-single digit returns from US equities
has become increasingly concen- India ($151 billion: Source DB). over the coming decade. This comes at a time when
concept in Europe — will be in the interests of both geographies. India’s impasse
trated. Today, the top decile of stocks Apple alone over the last 12 months, the fiscal outlook and debt dynamics in the US has
in trade negotiations with the European Union and the United Kingdom, seen in the US account for more than 75 delivered a net profit of $101 billion, never been worse and the dollar looks set to enter
in the context of the innovative EFTA deal, is perhaps a reflection of the over- per cent of total market capitalisa- AKASH PRAKASH 70 per cent of the profitability of all a long-term cycle of depreciation. The US has had
emphasis placed on protecting the sectors of the past rather than energising tion. The only other time we have listed Indian corporations (source: an incredible 15 years of both absolute and relative
investment and technology for the sectors of the future. seen this level of concentration was DB). Combined, Apple and performance, and currently represents 62 per cent
at the bubble peaks of 2000 and 1929. Worryingly, Microsoft deliver 20 per cent more profit than all of global market capitalisation. It was higher than
in both the prior periods, this ratio eventually mean- the listed companies in India. I don’t think we have this in the mid-1960s, when there was no China
reverted to 60 per cent. Since 1926, the median ratio ever seen a phenomenon of companies with market and emerging markets. This relative performance

Timely response of concentration for the US has been 63 per cent. capitalisation and profitability equal to large coun-
If we look at the top five stocks, at 25 per cent of tries before.
the S&P 500, this ratio is back to the peak of the However, does this scale and concentration on
dominance will reverse at some stage. The US can-
not outperform forever.
While markets in the US may continue to rise
SC rightly denies SBI an extension on electoral bonds Nifty 50 era of the late 1960s. Even the top 10 stocks, its own imply that we are in a bubble? First of all, in the short term, the conditions for an eventual

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he Supreme Court has done well to dismiss an application by State constituting 34 per cent of the S&P 500, have never while the current concentration is as high as the US blow-off are visible. Irrespective of this, the long-
been a bigger part of the market than today. Driven has ever seen, it is not an outlier from a global per- term outlook for US equities is mediocre. This inter-
Bank of India (SBI), the state-owned bank that was responsible for
by the Mag Seven, concentration, whichever way spective. All other global markets are far more con- play between the short-term and long-term outlook
issuing electoral bonds, for time till June 30 to provide details about you cut it, has never been higher. centrated. Most have a ratio of top 10 stocks over 50 for US equities is a delicate balance all allocators
bond purchases made between April 12, 2019 and February 15, 2024. In When we look at the absolute values of these per cent, and many have single stocks at over 25 per will have to strike. To the extent allocators recog-
a hearing that combined SBI’s application with contempt of court petitions filed stocks, one starts to realise why this concentration cent, compared to 8 per cent for the US. The size nise the long-term dynamic and move money over-
by the Association for Democratic Reforms, Common Cause, and the Communist has occurred. Taken together, the Mag Seven stocks, and profitability of these platform companies is also seas, India will benefit.
Party of India (Marxist), the Supreme Court has given the bank till the close of with a market capitalisation of $13 trillion, would due to their network effects, global penetration and
business hours March 12, to furnish these details to the Election Commission of be on their own the second-largest stock market in the inability of regulators until recently to rein them The writer is with Amansa Capital
India (ECI), which, in turn, has to publish the data by 5 pm on March 15 on its
website. At the same time, the apex court has declined to initiate contempt pro-

Stock market valuations and Sebi


ceedings but warned that it will proceed against it if the bank does not comply
with this latest order. The chairperson and managing director of SBI are required
to file an affidavit on whether the bank has complied with the order. With this
ruling, which comes less than a month after its judgment, on February 15, declaring
electoral bonds unconstitutional, the five-judge Bench has underlined the impor- It’s better to be vaguely right than but it was effectively in the form of a whisper, as reasonable fee. But these conditions are not met in
tant principle of following court orders. exactly wrong — Carveth Read the emphasis was on liquidity. So why did Sebi not practice. So, the regulator does need to step in. This
make a loud and clear speech on valuations? Well, can require a major change in mindset and in legis-

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The application for an extension was filed just two days before the Supreme
mall capitalisation (cap) and mid-cap stocks it is not in the present mandate of Sebi to intervene lation. But even after the change, how can Sebi inter-
Court’s original deadline of March 6, by an assistant general manager of the bank
have appreciated by more than 60 per cent if the valuations are very high! We have a similar vene in practice without violating respect for private
at that. The explanation given by SBI’s counsel for the delay was that there were over the last year in India. Is this a bubble? If story in other countries. This needs to change, but property and people’s right to choose their asset
challenges in reconciling the donor details with the redemption details, which yes, what can the Securities and Exchange Board of it is important to first understand the rationale for portfolio? This column considers two actions.
were filed under different silos, some of them in physical rather than digital form. India (Sebi) do, given its mandate? Relatedly, what the present mandate. First, Sebi can make regular and “loud” announce-
Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud pointed out the court had not asked SBI should be its mandate? Conventional wisdom holds that trades in the ments on valuations, and require intermediaries like
to “match” information to ascertain which individual had contributed to which While a stock price index is quite unpredictable, stock market are a zero-sum game, with little effect mutual funds and brokers to prominently display
party. In its February 15 judgment, the Supreme Court had sought two kinds of the same is, by and large, not quite true as far as the on the real economy, and that the pure market the same. Second, at present, the labelling on riski-
aggregate valuations are concerned. mechanism is reliable even in the ness of products like pure equity schemes by inter-
information. The first was the name of the purchaser, the date of purchase, and
Valuation indicators such as price- context of the stock market. There mediaries like mutual funds is on the basis of the
the denomination of the bonds; the second part was details of bonds redeemed to-earnings ratio (P/E), price-to- is also a view that the caveat emptor general nature of the schemes; it is not based on val-
by political parties, including the date of encashment and the denomination. SBI book ratio, dividend yield, ratio of applies, and that stock prices are uations at any given time. This needs to change. This
appears to have interpreted this as the need to link the purchaser details with the market cap of small caps to the total naturally very volatile because they can help nudge investors towards products like
political parties. Justice Chandrachud pointed out that SBI had the Know Your market cap, market cap-to-gross need to incorporate the changing (countercyclical) balanced advantage funds at a time
Customer details of the buyers and had stated in its application that the purchaser domestic product (GDP) ratio, and news. Of course, some do accept when equity valuations are very high.
details were kept under a sealed cover in the main branch. Therefore, he reasoned, corporate profits-to-GDP ratio tend that valuations can get very high It is true that some sellers do convey concerns
all the bank needed to do was open the sealed cover, collate the names, and to be somewhat mean-reverting over at times but then they feel that this on valuations to their clients, but not all do. So it
time, though it can take quite a is good for real investment. All helps to change the mandate of Sebi. It is also true
furnish the details already available with it. In this “short order” the Bench also
while. Bubbles can arise, and while these views contribute to the final that Sebi may not be able to make perfect assess-
pointed out each political party could open only one current account in 29 desig- it is hard to say when a bubble will GURBACHAN SINGH conclusion that any intervention ments but that is fine. And, despite the warnings,
nated bank branches. Therefore, this information, too, would be readily accessible. come to an end, identifying a bubble related to the stock market valua- many investors may be led by the FOMO (fear of
However, it can be argued that without the requirement of matching the donation per se is not as difficult. tions is undesirable. While these missing out) factor. But the point is not that this can
and recipient details, this order, when complied with, may not reveal much. The Nifty Small-cap 250 index is trading at P/E arguments may look reasonable, a closer exami- be completely avoided; it helps if it can be reduced.
Separately, the court has asked the ECI to publish details of the information of over 28. Other indicators too suggest caution. At nation reveals serious weaknesses. In that case, The public authorities often intervene in many
of funds received by political parties till September 30. This information had been some stage, the real returns are very likely to be low, Sebi does need to intervene. different ways in the economy where they should
supplied to the court in a sealed cover following an interim order last November. possibly negative. Investing through index funds is It will help to consider a different but related not, and sometimes they do not intervene where
no safeguard here. And, even investing through sys- angle as well. The stock market can be unambigu- they actually should, as in the case of stock market
In its ruling, the court has exposed the somewhat disingenuous arguments by
tematic investment plans (SIPs) has its difficulties ously efficient, and Sebi does not need to intervene valuations. It is time to correct.
the country’s largest bank, not least because June 30 would have been well after in practice. So should public authorities intervene? if ordinary investors are rational and well-informed.
the Lok Sabha election results were out. It highlights, once again, the urgent need It is true that Sebi and the Association of Mutual It can also help if a weaker condition is met, which The writer is an independent economist. He taught
for credible and transparent campaign finance laws. Funds in India (AMFI) did recently make a public is that there is a market for sound, credible, easily at Ashoka University, ISI (Delhi) and JNU.
statement related to small-cap and mid-cap stocks, accessible, and independent financial advice at a gurbachan.arti@gmail.com; X: gurbachan@econ

Crouching tiger, rising mammoth Mata image in 1905. “A Japanese


rendering of that image on a giant silk
scroll was paraded in procession in the
streets of Calcutta to the
from his previous scholarship. The
Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History
and Affairs at Harvard University, Dr
Bose published, in 2006, AHundred
that some of Dr Bose’s research interests
also trace their roots to his stint in the
Lok Sabha. As a member of the
Opposition from 2014 to 2019, he would
the East over the 20th century. continent. He attempts to narrate, as he accompaniment of Rabindranath Horizons:TheIndianOceanintheAgeof have had a ringside view of the rise of
At the time of the Russo-Japanese explains, “the creative process of Tagore’s freshly composed patriotic GlobalEmpire, a wide-ranging study of Hindutva in the country during the first
war, much of Asia was under the imagining Asia by tracking the songs,” writes Dr Bose. “Indian the history of communities settled term of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
colonial sway of the European powers. intersecting journeys of Asian nationalism had come to be fused with around the rim of the Indian Ocean from A global academic, who studied in the
Britain and France hungrily gobbled up intellectuals and subalterns alike.” In Asian universalism.” 1850 to 1950, the high noon of the British UK and works in the US, Dr Bose would
large swathes of the Ottoman Empire at the introductory chapter of the book, he In Tagore, whose songs have been Empire. It is also in line with popular have found the rise of such an
BOOK REVIEW the end of the First World War in 1918. argues that Pan-Asianism, or “Asian adopted as sides of history exclusivist nationalism as well as
But over the next half-century, most of universalism”, was an idea comparable national anthems ASIA AFTER EUROPE: writing, such as international competition between
UTTARAN DAS GUPTA these countries would be roiled by the to other internationalisms such as by India and Imagining a Continent “provincialising India and China eroding and belying
independence movements, often Leninism, pan-Islamism or Buddhism. Bangladesh, Dr in the Long Twentieth Europe” (to the promise of an Asian century.

O
n February 9, 1904, Japan violent, pushing out the colonial He finds in it another way of Bose finds a figure Century which he refers) If the book begins with Okakura’s
launched a surprise naval attack powers. As early as 1924, German approaching 20th-century history, who combined a Author: Sugata Bose and Global visit to Calcutta at the dawn of the 20th
on the Russian fleet stationed at diplomat Karl Haushofer wrote about which has been mostly monopolised by deep love for his Publisher: The Belknap History. German century, it ends with Dr Bose’s own visit
Port Arthur, China, leading to a war the “Pacific Age”, which envisaged the narratives of anti-colonial nationalism. homeland, a Press (Harvard historian to Peking University in Beijing in 2019,
between the two countries. The growth of Japan, India, and China. After To illustrate his argument, he passionate anti- University) Sebastian on the eve of the Covid-19 pandemic. In
hostilities would end on September 5, the meeting between Deng Xiaoping of chooses figures such as Rabindranath colonial activism, Conrad, a trying to narrate multiple strands of the
Pages: 276
1905, with the complete defeat of the China and then Indian Prime Minister Tagore and the Japanese art critic as well as a “colour pioneer in this remarkable process through which Asia
Russian Empire and peace mediated by Rajiv Gandhi in 1988, the 21st century Okakura Tenshin, who spent some time cosmopolitanism” Price: ~699 field, describes and Asians are reclaiming their
then US President Theodore Roosevelt. came to be referred to as the “Asian in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1903. On — “a powerful Global History in centrality in the world, Dr Bose makes a
Several historians around the world Century” in the media. returning to Japan, Okakura sent two critic of worshipping the nation as god his ground-breaking survey of the compelling case for greater acceptance
recognise this as the first major defeat of Historian Sugata Bose in his new Japanese artists to India, one of and was horrified by the crimes discipline as a sort of histography that of the political, cultural, and economic
a European power by an Asian country book, Asia After Europe, argues that the whom, Taikan Yokoyama, taught the committed by modern nation-states.” “takes the connectedness of the world diversity of the continent and their close
in the modern age. This convenient rise of Asia in the 20th and 21st centuries Japanese wash technique to Tagore’s Dr Bose’s interest in as its point of departure”. It is in finding interconnectedness.
signpost also serves as a metaphorical was not only an economic phenomenon nephew, Abaninindranath Tagore. cosmopolitanism as a panacea for a these connections that Dr Bose’s
premonition of the decline of the West but a result of “intellectual, cultural, Abaninindranath, in turn, used the rabid nationalism, which excludes those book succeeds. The reviewer is a New Delhi-based
and the cultural and economic rise of and political conversations” across the technique to paint the iconic Bharat it considers to be outgroups, develops However, one is tempted to imagine writer and journalist
18 NEW DELHI
TUESDAY
MARCH 12, 2024

Opinion

{ OUR TAKE }
E STA B L I S H E D I N 1 9 24
Case for reforming
High on intent private health care
and investment Government must
undertake a credible
process of cost
communicable diseases (NCDs); and low levels of public financing and
service capacity and access. Adequate poor governance. Over time, the pri-
service coverage is essential to cor- vate sector grew in presence and
rectly estimate OOPE, since the non- influence, building financial muscle
availability of accessible, affordable through investments that flowed in
The agreement with EFTA could be a estimation and price and quality health services can lead to after liberalisation and globalisation India’s mixed health system evolved by default and not by design HT ARCHIVE
precursor to much larger deals that India fixation, ensure the people not seeking needed care. Such opened the Indian economy. Tertiary
foregone care results in spuriously care provision in urban areas is now ernment to fix charges that can be exercise was undertaken in Karnataka
has been eyeing with the EU and the UK adoption of standard low estimates of out-of-pocket and dominated by the private sector. reasonably levied by private hospitals. in 2017. Claiming that CGHS beneficia-
catastrophic health expenditures, giv- Both central and state governments It came against the backdrop of con- ries who avail private hospital services
guidelines for treatment,

I
ndia’s trade agreement with the European Free ing a rosy picture of financial protec- are engaging private sector hospitals siderable public discontent on the are cross-subsidised by payments from
Trade Association (EFTA) — comprising Iceland, and monitor adherence tion. to supplement public sector provision high costs charged by some private private patients, they warn that the
India is attempting to improve per- of services in secondary and tertiary hospitals, even during the pandemic. imposition of unviable charges would
Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland — may

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he National Health Policy formance on both these indicators. health care. This is done through cen- The Court expressed concern that the threaten the survival and scalability of
not reflect the country’s true level of ambition on (2017) envisages “universal Comprehensive primary care, tral and state health insurance government had not utilised the pro- private sector health services. Critics
trade deals, but it has considerable signalling value. access to good quality through Health and Wellness Centres, schemes, which purchase services visions of the Clinical Establishments point out that private hospitals have
health care services with- strengthening of district and medical from private hospitals. Several large Act and said that, if the government benefited from concessions in land
For starters, the trade deal ties non-sovereign fund out anyone having to face college hospitals, and establishment employers also do so, through health did not act, it would fix the charges at pricing, low or exempt customs duties
investment of $100 billion by the EFTA nations to financial hardship as a of regional AIIMS are initia- insurance coverage for their the rates paid by the Central Govern- on equipment, and recruitment of doc-
tariff concessions being granted to a chunk of their result”. This goal is a clear affirmation tives for improving service employees. Some individuals ment Health Scheme (CGHS) for ser- tors, nurses and technicians trained in
of the commitment to universal provision by the public sec- buy private health insurance vices provided to its beneficiaries by publicly funded institutions.
exports to India. This is expected to create a million health coverage (UHC). The policy tor. Much of this care is pro- while others pay from their private hospitals. The government must undertake a
new jobs in the country. The first $50 billion must also recognises “the pivotal impor- vided free of cost. However, pocket for health services. The public and sections of the health credible process of cost estimation
come within 10 years of the agreement coming into tance of Sustainable Development existing public sector capac- Even insured individuals insurance industry have welcomed the and price fixation, weighing all of
Goals”. These list UHC as target 3.8, to ity is substantially supple- K Srinath may have to pay for costs judgment, but the private health care these factors. Whether the patient
effect, and the next $50 billion, in the subsequent be achieved by 2030. mented by private sector extending beyond the insur- industry has raised concerns. While pays directly or an insurance scheme
five. Given India saw just $10.8 billion of foreign Two measured indicators of UHC hospitals. While extending Reddy ance coverage (co-payment). agreeing with the spirit behind the pays, inflated costs hurt UHC. The
direct investment (FDI) from the EFTA nations in are the degree of financial protection service coverage, this can It is rational to use all judgment, it called for a “scientific government must ensure the develop-
afforded to persons utilising needed undermine the principle of existing health care resour- method” of cost estimation — accord- ment and adoption of standard man-
the past 23 years — and $9.9 billion of that from health services, and the extent of financial protection, which is cardinal ces in society to advance the objec- ing to the type of health care provided agement guidelines (for diagnostic
just Switzerland — the scale-up in pace is not health service provision to the popu- to UHC. Claims about quality of care tives of UHC. However, that requires a (primary, secondary or tertiary), and tests and treatment protocols), moni-
insignificant. lation. The former is assessed by are contested, with considerable vari- robust regulatory framework wherein location (rural, tier-2 or urban). toring their adherence to regular
measuring and monitoring out-of- ability across both public and private all health care delivery institutions Spokespersons of private hospitals call health care practice through periodic
Though India runs trade deficits with the EFTA pocket expenditure (OOPE), cata- hospitals. deliver appropriate care, through for “range pricing”, based on these technical audits. Through such meth-
nations, their share within India’s overall trade strophic health expenditure, and the India’s mixed health system quality assured services, at an afforda- assessments and factoring in the high ods, it has to curb the pernicious prac-
remains small (just 1.6%) with Switzerland making proportion of people made poor evolved by default and not by design. ble cost. The government has to be the investments made by private hospitals tice of performing unnecessary tests
because of expenditure incurred on Public sector health services were the guarantor of UHC to the whole popu- on land, infrastructure, skilled person- or treatment procedures to boost hos-
up the bulk of it. Also, since EFTA tariff rates across needed health care. The service cover- main vehicle for the delivery of orga- lation, even if it is not the sole service nel and state-of-the-art equipment. pital revenues.
lines are already low, the impact will most likely be age index is computed by combining nised health services in the early dec- provider or the purchaser of services. They argue that qualified cost account-
on the import side from an Indian perspective. tracer indicators across four domains: ades after Independence. They dwin- In this context, a recent judgment ants should be part of committees that K Srinath Reddy is distinguished
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and dled in number and decayed in qual- by the Supreme Court has stirred dis- estimate costs across public and pri- professor of Public Health, PHFI.
Against such a background, the country’s openness child health; infectious diseases; non- ity in many parts of the country due to cussion on the duty of the Indian gov- vate health care institutions. Such an The views expressed are personal
to trade access to its markets for investment
commitments should pay off in the long-run — and
encourage talks with others along similar lines.
India could also benefit from the services-trade
portion of the deal. The major sectors covered — IT, Court’s questions on { EMMANUEL MACRON } FRENCH PRESIDENT

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legislative privileges
financial, recreational, and audio-visual services —
are all where the country has significant strength
to leverage. The EFTA nations are also seeing
The new bill refers to aid in dying…
significant demographic shifts, making the Mode-4 he importance of the judgment of absolute protection to them in the House
because it’s simple and humane.
access (movement of natural persons) granted under
the deal a big potential win for India.
However, the biggest takeaway from the
agreement with EFTA is that it can be a precursor to
T the seven-judge Constitution bench with respect to their speeches and votes.
of the Supreme Court (SC) headed by The question dealt with in PV Narasimha
the Chief Justice of India, Dhanan- Rao was whether such immunity and privi-
jaya Y Chandrachud on March 4 overruling lege were available to the MPs of the JMM
a five-judge bench in PV Narasimha Rao vs Mukti Morcha who took bribes to vote in
It offers a possible path, in a
determined situation, with precise
criteria
Announcing a new law to legalise aid in dying that will allow

A
the much larger deals that India has been eyeing for State, is that it contains a very authoritative favour of the Rao government. As explained
pronouncement on the scope of Articles 105 earlier, the SC (in 1998) held that those MPs adults facing end-of-life illness to take lethal medication
some time, with the European Union (EU) and the and 194 of the Constitution. Article 105 deals enjoyed immunity under Article 105 and
United Kingdom (UK). The problems, of course, are with the privileges and immunities of mem- hence could not be prosecuted for bribery.
different, ranging from non-tariff barriers for Indian bers of Parliament (MPs) and Article 194 After 25 years, the seven-judge bench on
deals with the same with respect to mem- March 4 held that the judgment was wrong.
exports (environmental, labour, IPR, and quality bers of the state legislatures. These privi- The Court ruled that the MPs or MLAs can-

Strategic message in
compliances, among others) that the EU wants to the leges and immunities are the same for both not claim privileges that are not essentially
UK’s reluctance over visas to professionals. But the MPs and members of legislatures. related to the functioning of the House. “The
The 1998 SC judgment in PV Narasimha privileges of the members of the House indi-
EFTA deal underscores both the readiness of India Rao was controversial because of a strange vidually bear a functional relationship to the
and the EU nations to partner for trade and growth. interpretation of Article 105 by the Court. ability of the House to collectively fulfil its
The gist of the judgment was that an MP functioning and vindicate its authority and
who takes a bribe for voting in a particular dignity,” the Court ruled.
manner in the House and votes While overruling the 1998 judg-
building INS Jatayu
TMC gamble in going accordingly, enjoys immunity from ment, the SC made certain asser- ast week, India commissioned INS The Navy is said to be keen to incorporate

solo in West Bengal


prosecution under the Prevention
of Corruption Act. Another aspect
of this interpretation was that if
the MP, after taking money, does
not vote in favour of that party or
tions which, from the point of view
of the legislature, are of concern.
The history of privileges in the UK
reveals numerous confrontations
with the judiciary involving the
L Jatayu at Minicoy in the Lakshadweep environmental sustainability into its develop-
islands. The event marked a milestone ment plans for the new base.
for the Indian Navy, which seeks to bur- Nonetheless, the key factor driving India’s
nish its credentials as the premier security pro- moves in Lakshadweep appears largely geopoli-
vider in the Indian Ocean. Sitting astride major tical. With Mohamed Muizzu, the Maldivian
person in the House, he/she enjoys PDT rights of the citizens. One of the key shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean, Minicoy President, adopting a markedly pro-China tilt,
no immunity under Article 105 and Achary privileges of the legislature is the already has a naval detachment. With growing New Delhi’s patience has been running thin.
he INDIA bloc seems dead and buried in West

T
is liable to be prosecuted. The sim- power to punish the offender. This pirate activity in the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Malé’s recent anti-India moves have convinced
Bengal with the Trinamool Congress (TMC) ple meaning of this judgement is often brought the Commons into Sea and Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, the Navy Indian decision-makers that the Muizzu admin-
declaring candidates for all 42 Lok Sabha seats that a member of the legislature who takes confrontations with the judiciary. has decided to upgrade the existing facility into istration is intent on recalibrating ties with
a bribe for voting in favour of another party, In India too, such confrontations have a full-fledged base. India’s security managers India and that the time for New Delhi to act is
in the state. At the outset, chief minister and TMC which invariably is the ruling party of that occurred in the past. In MSM Sharma (1959), believe a surveillance outpost in Minicoy will now. Even so, the decision to develop a naval
leader Mamata Banerjee has taken a big gamble to time, and votes in the House as promised, the SC conceded the superior status of the help track illicit activity and keep an eye out for base on Minicoy, merely 125 km from the Mal-
go alone in the general elections, where her party’s can escape the consequences of the law. privileges compared to the fundamental other non-traditional threats such as dives’ northernmost atoll, appears less
Thus, the Court was seen to be approving rights of citizens. But in Keshav Singh (1965), marine pollution and illegal fishing. than carefully considered. For one
primary opponent is the BJP. In less than a decade, bribery by the legislators. the SC through its advisory opinion held Jatayu, however, is more than thing, it upends a long-held consensus
the BJP has replaced the CPM as the main opposition Privileges and immunities of members of that Article 21 of the Constitution is superior about maintaining vigil at sea. The in India’s defence and foreign policy
party and has been registering spectacular gains. In the legislature and the legislature itself refer to legislative privileges. Later, in Raja Ram base is aimed at boosting the Indian establishment that New Delhi must
to the special rights enjoyed by them for the Pal (2007), the Court took the position that Navy’s operational reach, enabling refrain from excessively militarising
the 2019 elections, it won 18 seats with over 40% smooth and effective functioning of the leg- it has the right to find out whether a privi- faster deployment, and maintaining a Abhijit its island territories. The notion that
votes, just three per cent less than the votes polled by islature. A legislative House cannot function lege exists in a given case. But it held that if strategic presence. Reportedly, there Singh excessive Indian posturing at sea
the TMC, which won 22 seats. An alliance with the freely without these special rights. In all the Court is convinced about the existence are plans to turn the naval facility at could unnerve neighbours is no
parliamentary democracies, these special of a privilege, it will step back and let the Minicoy into a nodal point for logistics longer popular. With New Delhi seek-
Left Front and the Congress could have given some rights are available to the members and the legislature deal with it. But in the March 4 and support operations. Incidentally, ing a more muscular presence in mar-
cushion to the TMC, especially in north Bengal. House. In England, the mother of parlia- judgment, the SC went further and held it Jatayu is the second naval base in Lakshadweep itime South Asia, the case for militarising island
The fact is that while top leaderships of the TMC, ments, members of the House of Commons would also decide whether the privilege is after INS Dweeprakshak on Kavaratti island. At territories appears stronger than ever. Yet, a
secured these rights after a prolonged strug- necessary for the House to collectively dis- a time of growing threats to shipping, a new full-fledged military facility in Lakshadweep is
Congress and CPM may agree on forging a united gle against the monarch. Our Constitution charge its functions. This may, perhaps, be base at Minicoy offers the Indian Navy a useful far from a straightforward proposition.
front against the BJP, the local reality is different. adopted the Westminster system of parlia- interpreted as an attempt to tread on the forward outpost in a critical sea space. The problem for New Delhi isn’t so much
The violent struggle for political dominance at the mentary democracy and, therefore, pro- legislature’s domain. The new base sends a clear message to constructing a naval base at Minicoy as it is
vided that all the privileges available to the Another assertion the Court made is that India’s neighbours that its Navy is capable of maintaining and sustaining it. Supporting a mil-
grassroots makes it difficult for national leadership members of the House of Commons as of Articles 105 and 194 also apply to voting for safeguarding India’s vital maritime interests. In itary outpost on an island 400 km from India’s
to dictate electoral alliances. The Congress high January 26, 1950, when the Constitution Rajya Sabha, the President and the Vice particular, India’s maritime managers are mainland in a region where even fresh water is
command was invested in seat sharing among came into force, shall be available to the President elections. It has made a distinc- focused on developments in and around the a scarce resource is an onerous undertaking.
members of the Indian legislatures. tion between the legislature and the legisla- Maldives. After Malé asked New Delhi to with- Building an airfield with shelters for surveil-
INDIA partners, but its local chief, Adhir Ranjan However, these special rights are enjoyed tive House used in Article 194. This distinc- draw a contingent of Indian military personnel lance aircraft and fighter jets on a small island
Chowdhury, saw the TMC only as a rival. The TMC, by the members of the legislature only in tion is tricky. The term “a House of the legis- stationed in the island State, experts are worried is difficult enough. Creating associated infra-
which had emerged from the Congress, saw its the context of the functioning of the House. lature” is used in the context of the about the prospect of a greater Chinese pres- structure, like housing for personnel, storage
Otherwise, the legislators and ordinary citi- publication of the proceedings; in fact, each ence in the Arabian Sea. Malé’s move to allow a facilities, and underground fuel dumps on a
parent party as a rival for minority votes and even zens are equal before the law. Such special House publishes its own report. Therefore, Chinese research vessel to make a port call last small island, complicates the task, not to men-
grudged the latter’s limited clout in north Bengal. rights are not available to the members in a it is necessary to mention that the term month seems to confirm Indian fears. The Mal- tion the fragile ecology of Minicoy which adds
Both the CPM and the Congress have positioned criminal case. The most significant privilege “House of the Legislature” cannot have any dives and China have also signed a defence another significant wrinkle to the challenge.
of a legislator is the freedom of speech in other significance. cooperation pact that offers free Chinese mili- For the moment, the naval detachment at
themselves as Opposition parties and trained their the House. Articles 105 and 194 provide The reasoning to bring the voting for tary assistance to Malé’. To many in New Delhi, Minicoy has been formally elevated in status to
guns on the TMC. INDIA bloc’s talk on Opposition Rajya Sabha under Article 194 is questiona- Malé’’s moves to offer China greater strategic a naval base. Strategic infrastructure on the
unity never translated into action on the ground. ble. Voting for the Rajya Sabha cannot be space in the Indian Ocean seem to be a ploy to island will be created in due course as necessary
THE 1998 SC JUDGMENT treated as a part of the proceedings of the subvert Indian authority in its backyard. clearances are obtained. If a naval base must be
There is another way to look at the fragmenting of IN PV NARASIMHA RAO assembly because it never forms a part of To be sure, there is more than a strategic built at Minicoy, an incremental approach
the INDIA bloc. The TMC, as the primary political WAS CONTROVERSIAL the agenda of the House. The March 4 judg- dimension to the commissioning of Jatayu. seems the best way forward. Jatayu’s tactical
pole in the state, may prefer a divided Opposition ment overruled all past judgments of the SC India is keen to build capacity and foster advantages are undeniable, not least the oppor-
BECAUSE OF A STRANGE that had held voting for Rajya Sabha is not a development in the region. The inauguration tunities for collaboration with like-minded part-
than a consolidation of anti-TMC sentiment around INTERPRETATION OF part of the proceedings of the assembly. It is of the new base in Minicoy could result in ners that it is likely to create. Whether or not it
the BJP. But with West Bengal rapidly becoming a ARTICLE 105... THE SC WAS not clear why those decisions have been considerable infrastructure growth, poten- is maintainable and productive in the long-run
bipolar polity, the calculations of the TMC, weighed overruled. tially enhancing communications, logistics, remains to be seen.
SEEN TO BE APPROVING and support facilities to benefit local commu-
down by anti-incumbency, corruption scandals and BRIBERY BY LEGISLATORS PDT Achary is a former secretary general, Lok nities. It could spur economic growth, and Abhijit Singh is head of the Maritime Policy Initiative
incidents such as Sandeshkhali, may go wrong. Sabha. The views expressed are personal increase demand for local goods and services. at the ORF. The views expressed are personal

R. N. I. No. 503/1957 ● Postal Reg. No. DL(ND)-11/6058/2018-19-20 ‘Licensed to post without prepayment’ LICENCE No. U(C)-113/2006-08, AIR SURCHARGE: Raipur and beyond by Rail or Road - Re 5/-, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Chennai, Cochin, Goa, Hyderabad, Khajuraho, Mumbai, Trivandrum, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and beyond by Rail or Road - Rs. 10/-;

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A city is more than a
place in space, it is a Patrick
drama in time Geddes

08 HYDERABAD TUESDAY 12 03 2024


� �

Y
OUR big city and mine are fac- Several big Indian cities could soon face the kind of water not. Even if we did see it coming, there is
ing big problems. Maybe the a lag in the planning cycle that has led to
INDIAN EXPRESS IS NOT AN problem of Bengaluru is a shortage Bengaluru is facing today. One solution could be this pass. The Cauvery Phase 5 project’s
INDUSTRY. IT IS A MISSION. whole lot bigger than that of In- to de-cluster habitations and go where the water is progress has been slower than it should
— Ramnath Goenka dore and Rajkot today, but the have been. This project promises to take

THE SHAPE OF
problems do potentially exist care of the city’s needs for a while to
for every big city if you look be- come, beginning May 2024. We are told it
neath the earth we live upon. Of all the might take care of our water woes for the

EFTA TRADE DEAL problems we face, the one that is about


potable water is the most difficult one. WATER WOES next several years. After that, what?
In a completely haywire weather en-

A BOLD STATEMENT BY Bengaluru is suddenly in the limelight


for the wrong reasons. There is an acute
TO COME
vironment that is affecting our sum-
mers, winters and monsoon patterns,

A CONFIDENT ECONOMY shortage of potable water during the sum-


mer months, starting yesterday. All of a
our big cities are going to be overtly de-
pendant on rain. Rain that will fill up

I
sudden, our borewells are drying up with- our borewells to do all that we happily
NDIA on Sunday finally signed the trade agreement out enough rains to feed them. Ground do without a care for water. We are go-
with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), a water is showing a nasty and elusive trend ing to be a progressively rain-dependant
of being more difficult to reach. While in people in the big city.
bloc of four European countries, 15 long years after the the early days of borewell craze, water HARISH BIJOOR Brand Guru and Founder, Harish Bijoor Consults Inc As Bengaluru grapples with its short-
negotiations started. Even though the four countries— was struck at 80-100 feet depth, today’s wa- age, do I want to be a part of the problem
Switzerland, Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland—ac- ter table is getting more and more elusive or the solution? Let me attempt to be
count for just 1.6 percent of India’s total trade at present, even at 1,600 feet. a part of the latter. If there is one solu-
it is a significant milestone as it is for the first time India The primary source of riverine water, tion that I can think of, it is as simple or
is entering into trade agreement with four developed na- feeding the city through a network of ca- complex as the words aggregation and
nals and reservoirs, is under stress. The disaggregation are.
tions from Europe. It shows India’s growing confidence as newer areas of the city do not have ac- Big cities need to redefine their spaces
an economy and its commitment towards free trade. We cess to Cauvery or Arkavathy water, and and their needs. One big city cannot bear
have already signed trade pacts with Australia and the a whole new city has been built upon the the weight of all its population endlessly.
UAE, and are looking to seal the deal with the UK. seasonally hollow foundation of a Bengaluru, for instance, is a magnet city
The EFTA trade talks began in 2008, were suspended in borewell network that is acting difficult today. People from all over the country
2013 and then restarted in 2023. The agreement is a mile- to tame and fill. And this is a tall city—a and from all across the world want to
stone even if its significance in terms of access to goods city full of flats and apartments that de- come to the city. Some come as tourists,
fine the new image of Bengaluru as a some to work here, some to settle and
in that market remains limited. The EFTA is offering city of tall stature. The city is, however, some to invest. The city is growing by
market access to all non-agricultural products from India running dry. For a few months, at least. night. This magnet city is actually in-
and tariff concession on processed agricultural products. This niggling water problem of Ben- creasing its weight and woes by night. As
India is offering access to 95.3 percent of EFTA exports, galuru belongs to the city for now. It the population burden increases, both
of which more than 80 percent by value is gold. Sectors can belong to any other big city with a hard and soft infrastructure are not able
such as dairy, soya, coal and sensitive agricultural big population as well. If I am to start to keep pace. The city is growing verti-
products have been excluded. The agreement does not tracing how cities typically manage cally now, which indeed has endless pos-
their water needs, the best of them sibilities. As the height of our buildings
have a significant impact on India’s trade with the EFTA
have a source of drinking water that grows, under the ground, the depth at
bloc. Switzerland, the biggest trade partner for India comes from the rivers and streams. which water can be found grows in the
within the bloc, eliminated import duties on all indus- Where the stream ends begins the SOURAV ROY opposite direction.
trial goods for all countries from January 1, 2024. This planned up-stream water supply sys- The city’s need of water, as calculated
directly affected 98 percent of India’s merchandise tem of the city that establishes a chan- water’ beneath the areas where these with, water to wash our cars, and to water to date, is going awry. Are we over-draw-
exports to the country. The agreement also leaves the nel of supply into storage tanks that apartments exist. And then comes the our potted plants in balconies and the pri- ing already? Bengaluru cannot aggregate
effective duty on gold untouched. re-channel the water as per need to the next category of dwellings in a typically vate gardens of the privileged few. I am into a bigger-and-bigger city anymore. It
end home. The Bengaluru Water Sup- unplanned city. This category is the most not even stepping on to the terrain of the needs to disaggregate. Let us remember,
Yet, the pact is significant as it allows Indian profes-
ply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) man- impoverished one on water. It has no di- corporate need for water, and the need for water will not come where the people are.
sionals access to these four countries. The deal has mu- ages this system for the city. Do not ask rect Cauvery water, and neither is it water that pertains to the hospitality and People will instead need to go where the
tual recognition agreements in professional services me why “water supply” and “sewer- blessed to be sitting on a borewell possi- entertainment sector, the sprawling golf water is. Big cities need to de-cluster. Big
such as nursing, chartered accountancy and architec- age” go together. bility zone. This category depends whol- courses of Bengaluru included. cities need to re-assemble where the wa-
ture. One of the highlights of the pact is that it envisages Where direct supply of Cauvery water ly on water tankers that bring in water We need water. We need water right ter is. The old dictum says it all: if you fail
the foreign direct investment by the EFTA countries into is not possible for the city, builders of the on a daily or alternate-day basis, as the through the year. The current water short- to plan, you plan to fail. A question: is it
India growing to $100 billion in 15 years. It also talks new city have tapped groundwater re- demand may be. age that is affecting the city is a tempo- time to de-magnetise Bengaluru? Con-
about facilitating the generation of a million jobs in India serves that get perennially replenished So what’s your problem, Bengaluru? rary one. One that has bitten us this sum- sciously, with a yen to stay competitive,
by a good monsoon. Apartment complex- The city today is host to 142,00,000 peo- mer. One that promises to keep biting us alive and kicking?
through such investments. These investments would be es built in newer areas have tapped into ple and their daily need for water. Water every summer for 2-3 months, I am told. (Views are personal)
over and above the foreign portfolio investment. These the borewell as a way of getting to ‘easy to drink, water to cook, water to bathe Did we not see this coming? Apparently (harishbijoor@hotmail.com)
are long-term goals and it remains to be seen how the
governments in these countries can nudge private com-
panies to invest in India.

BCCI’S INCENTIVES GOOD WHEN ANOTHER CM TIED


FOR RED-BALL CRICKET UP WITH THE OPPOSITION Fighting solo
Ref: Mamata-Modi rematch with INDIA

I
in tatters (March 11). The INDIA bloc is a
disjointed alliance of parties with conflicting

T
N the last few weeks, Indian cricket has been growing in
mind, body and spirit. As India wrapped the Test series HE prospect of an alliance be- agendas. Mamata Banerjee is focused on
tween the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) increasing her stranglehold on West Bengal
against England with a dominating 4-1 win, the Indian
and the Bharatiya Janata Party and is apprehensive of alliance partners
cricket board (BCCI) added a new term to the excitement (BJP) in Odisha for this year’s aspiring to gain a foothold. Her image has
over Bazball and Jasball—moneyball. In its bid to pro- Lok Sabha and assembly elec- weakened and she will find it difficult to
SAMPAD PATNAIK Homi Bhabha Fellow, journalist
mote red-ball cricket, the BCCI has announced an incen- tions has thrown the state’s poli- contain the growing influence of the BJP
tive scheme for top cricketers in which those playing more tics into a turmoil. It is said that on her own.
than 50 percent of the total Tests in a year will get more. such an alliance, between the ruling and the Rajarao Kumar, Bengaluru
principal opposition parties, has no prece- ance would become impossible. He had ap- with the idea of a coalition government.
A cricketer’s fees could increase as much as 300 percent No unity
dent in Indian politics since 1947. pealed to the members of the opposition to But there were apprehensions that the Con-
per Test if they feature in over 75 percent of the games However, Odisha has already seen one cooperate with the government. Biju Pat- gress leadership at the national level, espe- It seems the primary aim of many INDIA bloc
played in the season. To put it in figures, if a player plays such alliance—between the ruling party naik, who was then emerging as the biggest cially Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, members is not to focus on defeating the BJP,
10 Tests, he is set to take home `6 crore. This is as much and the principal opposition party. The man challenger to Mahatab in the Congress, had may not bless this union. After all, the Ga- but on securing a position for themselves. The
as a mid-level cricketer earns through Indian Premier who had perhaps worked the hardest to le- also supported this argument. natantra Party, formed by former rulers of spirit shown by the opposition leaders at the
League (IPL) contracts. gitimise this alliance was Biju Patnaik, the Though this crisis was managed by the the princely states and big landowners, was time of the formation of the bloc has waned.
With the mushrooming of white-ball cricket leagues father of the BJD leader and Chief Minister state government, members of the ruling ideologically opposed to the Congress. To be frank, there is no strong leader in the
Naveen Patnaik. Congress were unhappy over the endless Biju Patnaik had then taken on the re- opposition camp who can unite it.
and international matches, most cricket boards have been
In the 1957 elections to the Odisha assem- challenges to the government from across sponsibility of convincing the leadership in Jayaprakash Reddy, Nalgonda
trying their best to retain their top cricketers for red-ball bly, no political party won a clear mandate. the state. The government was beleaguered Delhi. He had made several trips to the na-
cricket. Recently, the top South Africa players opted out The Congress had emerged as the single- by protests following displacement of peo- tional capital to meet Nehru and other top Selfish allies
of a New Zealand Test series to play in their domestic T20 largest party with 56 seats and 38 percent of Congress leaders. Finally, permission was Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee’s
league. Even in India, over the last couple of years, crick- the votes polled, while the Ganatantra granted to form a coalition government decision to fight solo in West Bengal
eters have been prioritising white-ball over red-ball crick- Parishad had come a close second with 51 based on a common governance agenda. In highlights the selfishness and the lack of
et; but with such lucrative packages, BCCI might manage seats and 29 percent of the votes. Odisha, Congress and Ganatantra had unity within the INDIA bloc. Winning power for
The Congress had initially formed the made a pact to work for the progress of the self is what’s driving the constituents of the
to woo back the players. Now that Test cricket has been
government with the help of the Jharkhand country based on the resolutions passed bloc, not a common agenda of defeating the
taken care of, perhaps it will be prudent for the BCCI to Party, which had won five seats, and six in- during the 1959 Nagpur session of the BJP-led NDA in the upcoming elections. The
WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

look into red-ball domestic cricket, which can be incentiv- dependent MLAs. However, the Congress Congress party. NDA appears poised for a hat-trick without
ised like Tests. Increasing the pension of Ranji players found itself constantly firefighting to sur- In Odisha, ministers in the Congress gov- breaking much sweat.
could be one among the number of steps they can take. vive while members of all other parties ernment had handed in their resignation George Jacob, Kochi
Since the BCCI has shown intent to promote red-ball kept moving between the treasury and letters. Mahatab again became chief minis-
opposition benches. ter and formed a new government with just Upholding democracy
cricket, it should now focus on the World Test Champion-
ship final. India had qualified for the last finals, but could By the budget session of 1959, it was seen This isn’t the first time a ruling two members—Ganatantra’s leader Rajen- The Supreme Court has dismissed the State
that running a stable government in Odisha dra Narayan Singh Deo and Radhanath Bank of India’s plea seeking more time to
not win. One reason was the timing of the Test in Eng- was almost impossible. A crisis developed
party is tying up with the Rath of the Congress. After nearly three provide details of electoral bonds encashed
land barely two weeks after the IPL. Last year’s IPL fin- when the opposition demanded a sudden opposition. When running the months, the government was expanded to by political parties. The court’s strong stance
ished on May 29, and three cricketers who featured in that vote. Satyapriya Mohanty, a minister in the Odisha government without a include members from both parties—Nila- reinforces our faith in the independence
final—Mohammed Shami, Ravindra Jadeja and Ajinkya Congress government, had sought permis- clear majority became tough mani Routray, Satyapriya Mohanty, Sailen- of the judiciary and its power to safeguard
Rahane—reached London only a week before the final, sion to introduce a bill that would bring in dra Narayan Bhanja Deo and Brundaban India’s democracy.
rules regarding the conduct of urban local
for Congress Chief Minister Nayak joined from the Congress, while Raj M Rishidev, Dindigul
where they faced Australia. In contrast, some members
body elections. The opposition’s demand de- Harekrushna Mahatab in 1959, Ballabh Mishra, Ram Prasad Mishra, Udit
of the Australia team had started preparing well in ad-
fied conventions. he tied up with the principal Prasad Deo and Laxmi Prasad Mishra Expose corruption
vance for the final. This could change this time if the
The government was not usually chal- opposition party, Ganatantra joined from the Ganatantra. The Supreme Court dismissing SBI’s plea
BCCI can tweak the IPL schedule so that their top players lenged while seeking permission to intro- Legislators from both parties had fanned shows the power of the system of checks and
get enough time to prepare. Red-ball cricket can prosper duce a bill on the floor of the House. The Parishad. Biju Patnaik worked on out across the state to convince the people balances put in place by the framers of our
only with such initiatives. Cong ress gover nment, headed by convincing Jawaharlal Nehru that about the need for a coalition between ri- Constitution. If the SBI discloses the details
Harekrushna Mahatab, was caught una- such an alliance was necessary vals. However, a stable government could of electoral bonds encashed by political
Q U I C K TA K E
ware, and could muster only 43 votes in fa- not be established. Before cabinet meetings, parties, it may shed light on the quid pro quo
vour while the opposition cast 51 votes Ganatantra ministers met at the residence arrangements between the party in power
THE SPIRIT OF OPPENHEIMER against the proposition. When the proposi-
tion was defeated, the opposition demanded
ple for construction of the Rourkela Steel
Plant. On another front, a dispute had
of their leader R N Singh Deo and decided
on their agenda, while the Congress minis-
and big businesses. This will help people get a
better picture of the political parties ahead of

W
HILE we blink at the stardust sprinkled on Oppenheimer the government’s resignation. emerged between politicians from districts ters did not confer with Mahatab. Many the Lok Sabha elections.
The speaker of the assembly had de- of Ganjam and Sambalpur over the govern- meetings ended in acrimonious arguments G David Milton, Maruthancode
at the Oscars, let us remember the scientist in the film.
ferred the proceedings for a day. The next ment’s decision to establish Odisha’s sec- between the ministers.
Robert Oppenheimer is known not just as the physicist day, Mahatab brought forth an argument ond medical college in Burla. The government lasted till 1961. In the en- EC appointments
who led the US’s atom bomb project, but as the one who quoted that the voting did not consider a no confi- However, many Congressmen had not fa- suing assembly elections, the Congress won A plea has been filed in the Supreme Court
from the Gita when he saw the unprecedented killing power dence motion against the government and voured dissolving the government and 82 seats and formed a government on its seeking to restrain the government from
of the bomb. He did not oppose the Szilard petition, in which took place in the absence of members of the seeking a fresh mandate from the elector- own. The Ganatantra Parishad’s tally fell to appointing two election commissioners. There
more than 65 of his project’s scientists expressed concerns to ruling party. Mahatab had claimed that the ate. The only way out was to form a consen- 37 seats. Biju Patnaik became chief minister is no dearth of hope that the top court will
proposition stood defeated, not the govern- sus government in alliance with the Gana- for the first time, but remained in power rise to the occasion by restoring the earlier
the US president about the nuclear age they had helped un-
ment. There were no grounds for the gov- tantra Parishad. only for around two years. He resigned un- selection panel consisting of the prime
leash. It tells us we should listen to scientists on the life-threat- ernment to resign from office. Prominent Congress leaders at the state der the Kamaraj Plan, which aimed to re- minister, the Chief Justice and the Leader
ening problems facing the planet—whether on water manage- Mahatab declared that if such instability level, such as Mahatab, Patnaik, Nilamani vive the Congress organisation. of Opposition in Lok Sabha.
ment, species depletion or AI regulation. becomes a feature of politics, then govern- Routray and Biren Mitra, were on board (Views are personal) N A Joseph, Ettumanoor

THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS


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