UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE NICARAGUA

FACULTAD REGIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARIA

FAREM–MATAGALPA

Department of Education and Humanities

TITLE:

✓ Strategies for fostering the growth of macro skills in English Language Learners during the
second semester of 2023.

RESEARCH WORK
Benefits of the use of mobile devices inside and outside the classroom to improve English
language comprehension in eighth grade high school students by encounter, from Colegio La
Independencia during the second semester of 2023 in the municipality of Rancho Grande,
department of Matagalpa.

AUTHORS:

Hilder Javier Diaz Orozco

Fernando José Martínez Martínez

Alexei Gurdian Larios

TUTOR:

MS c. Yader Escorcia Orozco

MATAGALPA, NICARAGUA, DECEMBER 2023

 APENDIX
I. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
II. JUSTIFICATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
III. PROBLEM STATEMENT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
IV. OBJECTIVES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
4.1. General objective----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
4.2. Specific objective---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK----------------------------------------------------------------------------6
5.1. Importance.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
5.2. Impact of technology on the teaching – learning process.-------------------------------7
VI. Benefits of using mobile devices inside the classroom.-------------------------------------8
6.1. Access to multimedia content----------------------------------------------------------------------9
6.2. Real-time interaction and collaboration.-------------------------------------------------------10
6.3. Immediate feedback----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
VII. Benefits of mobile devices outside the classroom.------------------------------------------------11
7.1. Independent and continuous language practice.-------------------------------------------12
7.2. Utilization of language learning applications------------------------------------------------12
7.3. Integration of real-life situations-----------------------------------------------------------------13
VIII. Effective Integration of Mobile Devices to Enhance English Comprehension.------14
8.1. Innovative pedagogical strategies using mobile devices.-------------------------------15
8.1.1. Asynchronous learning as a learning strategy----------------------------------------15
8.1.2. Classroom technology-------------------------------------------------------------------------16
IX. METHODOLOGICAL DESING-------------------------------------------------------------------------18
9.1 Setting--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
9.2 Type of paradigm-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
9.3 Type of Approach-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
 9.4. Population and sample---------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Bibliografy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
 I. INTRODUCTION

Technology is having a great impact on education because of the countless possibilities it

offers, digital platforms are increasingly used in the educational field and all the protagonists
are involved in it in some way, therefore we cannot go unnoticed, since its proper use can
generate many possibilities to improve language learning, for this reason we present
advantages offered by technology in education, focused on the school La Independencia in the
municipality of Rancho Grande in the department of Matagalpa, Nicaragua.

The benefits of the use of mobile devices in education refer to the possibilities that can be
presented in education, recognizing that this part can enhance the development and improve
teaching processes, as a means to get out of the routine and contribute to a motivating and
dynamic learning.

Mobile devices in various aspects of our lives have countless benefits. From increased
efficiency and productivity to improved connectivity and communication, technology has
revolutionized the way we live, work and interact with the world around us. In addition,
technology has also played a crucial role in advancing medical science, improving educational
opportunities and creating new opportunities for businesses to thrive. Overall, the integration of
technology into our daily lives has brought about positive changes that have reshaped the way
we live and act in the modern world.

The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of its use, and to highlight how these tools
can facilitate and enrich the learning process, this is an important change in education as this
will allow to make imminent the new reality so teachers and students have to adapt to this
transformation of the use of technological devices in the teaching of language learning and
provide a clear vision of this study.

Therefore, teachers have to look for more ways to know everything new that exists in the
new world of technology to use it as a technological means which will be of great benefit in

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terms of planning and didactic development for the capabilities that the student has as well as
students have to be sponges which absorb knowledge, ideas and content from third parties to
draw their own conclusions regarding these particular issues.

In this study we present the objectives of our research gathering the existing problems, we
developed a study on the benefits of the use of mobile devices in the teaching of English, we
focus on the study of the Colegio La Independencia in eighth grade high school students.

In summary, the purpose of showing the benefits of using mobile devices to learn English is
to demonstrate how these tools can improve the learning experience, making it more
accessible, convenient, personalized, motivating and effective.

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 II. JUSTIFICATION

Technology integration in education: In today’s digital world, it is imperative that educational

institutions embrace technology to prepare students for the challenges of the future. Mobile
devices are ubiquitous and familiar to students, making them an ideal tool for educational
purposes. Incorporating mobile devices into the curriculum is in line with the global trend of
integrating technology into education.

Mobile devices are inherently engaging and their interactive nature can captivate students’
attention. This engagement can be leveraged to create a more enjoyable and motivating
learning environment, which is especially important for eighth graders, who may suffer from a
dip in motivation.

Mobile devices enable personalized learning experiences. With various apps and online
resources, students can tailor their learning to their individual needs and pace. This flexibility
can help students with English comprehension difficulties receive targeted support.

Mobile devices provide access to a wealth of resources beyond the classroom. Students
can access language learning apps, multimedia content, and online dictionaries, facilitating
independent learning and exploration. This access to resources can significantly improve their
understanding of the English language.

English is a global language, and its practical application extends beyond the classroom.
Mobile devices allow students to use English in real-world contexts through communication
apps, language exchange platforms, and news websites. This practical exposure is invaluable
for language acquisition.

In conclusion, the use of mobile devices in and out of the classroom to improve eighth
grade high school students’ English comprehension by encounters fits the changing
educational landscape and offers numerous advantages. It increases engagement,
personalization, accessibility to resources, and prepares students for the digital age while
improving their language skills. Therefore, this initiative is timely and indispensable for the
comprehensive development of students at Colegio La Independencia during the second
semester of 2023 in Rancho Grande, Matagalpa.

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 III. PROBLEM STATEMENT

While the use of mobile devices in and out of the classroom to improve English language
comprehension among eighth grade high school students by meeting the independence school
may seem promising because it presents several significant challenges and concerns that
need to be addressed.

In these aspects we can mention: the digital divide, distraction and misuse, risks to
cybersecurity and privacy, excessive dependence on the use of technology; in addition there
are other factors such as the frequency of the English class teacher because it is taught once
a week in two periods of 45 minutes each, this means that the protagonists do not have time to
develop the four main skills of the language, this frequency limits the class to develop only one
or two skills in the encounter; likewise they have limited background knowledge that they
brought from the previous year.

All of the above factors cause students to fail to develop all four English language skills. For
this reason we have decided to study in depth the use of mobile devices inside and outside the
classroom to improve English language comprehension; hence the question arises:

What are the benefits of the use of mobile devices inside and outside the classroom to
improve the comprehension of the English language in the students of eighth grade of
secondary school by encounter of the colegio la Independencia during the second semester
2023 in the municipality of Rancho Grande department of Matagalpa?

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 IV. OBJECTIVES

IV.1. General objective

To analyze the benefits of using mobile devices in and out of the classroom to improve
English language comprehension in 8th grade high school students by encounters.

IV.2. Specific objective

 Identify the benefits of using mobile devices in and out of the classroom to improve
English language comprehension.
 Explain the benefits of using mobile devices inside and outside the classroom to
improve English language comprehension.
 Propose the use of mobile devices inside and outside the classroom to improve English
language comprehension.

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 V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

By considering that education has been using the technology for expanding and
developing different processes of the educational system more than one century [8], it
is not surprising that new technology arrival has raised the interest in obtaining
knowledge by various methods of presenting knowledge. Today technology-based
education is attainable at the universities of developed countries. Smart schools have
made a leap in virtual learning. On-line learning and remote training are among new
education forms in the new century . By evolving the learning environments at the
beginning of 21st century, individuals and societies put heavy responsibility on the
shoulder of educational institutions and their traditional structures by their increasing
need of education. (Hamidi, 2011)

According to Hamidi, technology is a fundamental tool that should not be missing inside
and outside the classroom because the need does not warrant changes and that distance
education is currently being developed, i.e. there is no distance for teaching because
technology is the main pillar of education.

In summary, technology-based education is easily accessible, marking a significant

change in the students of La Independencia school by opening the possibilities and
opportunities, to be able to study outside and inside the classroom easily with the use of
mobile devices.

V.1. Importance.

As say (Masero., 2023) mobile learning has gained popularity due to its numerous
advantages. For example, it offers a more convenient and flexible way to learn, allowing
learners to fit education into their busy schedules. In addition, mobile learning can
improve engagement and motivation by providing a more interactive and personalized
learning experience.
Based on the information provided, it can be deduced that the convenience and flexibility of
mobile learning have contributed to its increasing popularity in recent years. Learners can

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adapt their educational activities to their busy schedules, which facilitates the integration of
learning into their daily lives.

In our opinion, the growing popularity of mobile learning is testimony to its remarkable
advantages. It represents a solution for students who have to travel from one place to another
in order to meet their classmates as they can now meet by video conferencing from one
distance to another and interact in a very imperative way, without the risk of winter or the
dangers of long distance travel.

V.2. Impact of technology on the teaching – learning process.

Technology has provided a wide range of tools that enhance the learning
experience and improve the quality of instruction, and technology offers students a
flexible and convenient way to learn and practice English. These platforms offer a
variety of features, such as video conferencing, interactive quizzes and chat forums,
which allow students to learn at their own pace and interact with other students and
instructors. (Mizan., 2022)
In the author's opinion, the integration of technology in learning has greatly benefited
students, especially in the area of English language learning. The availability of various
technological tools has improved the overall learning experience and the quality of instruction.
By using platforms that offer features such as video conferencing, interactive quizzes, and chat
forums, students can engage in flexible and convenient learning at their own pace.

Technology has truly opened the doors to a new era of language learning, especially at La
Independencia School improving the quality of teaching and learning for students with a variety
of technological tools where students actively and dynamically participate.

“Modern technology has completely transformed the educational system. The internet-
enabled classrooms have made education available to anyone who wants to learn anywhere in
the world, at any time, on any subject”. (Atlantic, 2022)
According to Atlantic University, it can be deduced that modern technology, particularly the
Internet, has revolutionized the education system by making learning available to people

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around the world. The availability of Internet-enabled classrooms has removed the barriers of
time and location, allowing anyone with an Internet connection to access educational
resources and continue learning at their convenience.

There is no doubt that modern technology has revolutionized the education system in an
incredible way. However, at La Independencia School, technology and the use of the Internet
is also being and will continue to be implemented to improve English language learning as
students can follow up on subjects from the comfort of their homes.

VI. Benefits of using mobile devices inside the classroom.

As demonstrated by (Mareco., 2012) “Having mobile devices in the classroom allows

students instant access to the latest news, information, statistics, etc. Virtually every question
they have is at their fingertips, keeping them connected with what’s going on around them and
ensuring they are always well informed with the most up-to-date information”.

For this reason, we can deduce that the presence of mobile devices in the classroom
provides learners with immediate access to a wealth of knowledge and information. By having
these devices at hand, students can easily and quickly search for the latest news, information,
statistics and other relevant data.

As a result , technology in the classroom would generate more willingness to learn and
practice English as students feel more and more attracted to these devices, as well as provide
them with updated information on the different topics they are seeing in the classroom.

(Adeboye, 2016) “He say that technology is powerful and it can be used in several great
ways to make teaching and learning powerful. What can be done and what cannot be done is
limited, basically by the creativity of the user. So, the more creative and innovative we get, the
more results we'll see with using technology in class”.

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 According to the above mentioned, technology is a resource to teach without limitations,
this depends on the creativity of each person, for this reason the more ideas we have of its use
the greater the benefit to be obtained.

Although this resource may be the subject of debate because of its current differences, but
it must be said that it is the most important today in the educational field. It should also be
noted that all high school students have a cell phone, so every teacher should take advantage
of this fact.

(Srinivas, 2019) “Mentioned that the usage of mobile phones or smart phones is focused
because it enhances the learners ’learning skills as well as solving their problems, related to
their courses, instantly in the classrooms”.

In a accordance with Srinivas mobile phones can be used as a resource to improve the
comprehension skills of the learner, knowing that learning a foreign language is centered on
language practice, mobile devices can be used as a resource in the classroom. For this reason
it is indispensable in today's modern era of education to use smart devices in the classroom.

In conclusion, the idea is that its use in today's classroom will bring many benefits to
English language learning, such as: continuous practice, speaking, listening and solving
exercises online. Also recognizing that there are many different ways to get into any subject.

VI.1. Access to multimedia content

“Teachers and learners can go online to read or listen to material about different areas of
interest, and can then write or speak about what they have discovered, telling others in the
class or other classes elsewhere in the world”. (Motteram, 2013)

Motteram states that you can obtain a number of resources on the Internet in the areas of
need, also the important thing about mobile devices is that you can read, listen and view a
number of resources and study topics, and it is useful for both teachers and students.

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 Considering English language learning and that every student has a mobile device always
in the classroom nowadays, instead of it being for distraction, it should be promoted as a tool
to practice English language.

VI.2. Real-time interaction and collaboration.

“This way of using the mobile device opens the space for a type of learning experience that,
although is essentially focused in the boundaries of the classroom, uses the device's own
mobility to generate enriched processes for approaching content (each student can do it in a
different way”. (Paz-Balanta, 2021)

As Paz-Balanta says, mobile devices open a space for learning experience, students can
interact with the same content to discuss or with different content for a topic, and this
interaction allows to correct weak points or enrich a topic of study in the classroom.

For this reason it is important to turn the subject of study into something that interests the
learner and with mobile devices this can be achieved through interaction with other learners. In
addition, learners can feed back their own information and enrich their knowledge.

VI.3. Immediate feedback

“Learners indicated that the immediate feedback they received was a benefit of using this
kind of technology”. (Ahmadi, 2018)

This earlier study demonstrates the immediate feedback that can be received through the use
of technology. Immediate feedback helps to correct errors and improve and better understand
what is being learned

In the opinion of (Valetopoulos, 2019) learners produce better if they choose the place
and the time, as opposed to constrained production in a context of face-to-face learning.

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 As Valetopoulos says students learn best when they choose where they study, the use of
mobile devices allows this opportunity for students to study anywhere they want. Any
English language skill can be practiced at any time, practicing grammar, listening or
speaking.

VII. Benefits of mobile devices outside the classroom.

Students nowodays have a strong affinity for thecnology, and this ethusiasm often
extend beyond the confines of the classrom. whith the availability of learning apps
and digital texbooks on mobile devices, students can delve deeper into their studies
during their leisure hours. By carrying their books and notes with them at all times
and having instant acccess to educational materials, students are empowered to
continue their learning journey effortlessly. Moreover, when students become
genuinely excited and engrossed in their learning experiences withing the classroom
their are more inclined to pursue further knowledge outside of it. This continuous
learning process facilitated by mobile technology has the potential to revolutionize
education, offering a dynamic and captivating approach that exceeds our wildest
expectations. . (Mareco., 2012)

As Danny Mareco says, it can be inferred that students' strong affinity for technology
extends beyond the classroom and has a significant impact on their learning experiences.
The availability of learning apps and digital textbooks on mobile devices offers students the
opportunity to engage in academic activities even during their leisure hours.

In summary, this access to technology at Colegio La Independencia allows students

anytime, anywhere access to educational materials to fill in any gaps left from the
explanation given in the classroom to improve their understanding of the language in all its
skills.

“Today, online educational resources are easily accessible by anyone with an internet
connection, whether they’re using a laptop, iPad, or smartphone, and many of these

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 resources are available free of charge. This makes better education more affordable and
available to more students, no matter their financial background”. (Myers, 2020)

Based on the above statement, the fact that many of these resources are offered free of
charge further expands their accessibility. This means that students who previously faced
financial barriers to obtaining a better education can now access these resources at no cost.
As a result, the affordability and availability of online educational resources contribute to a
more inclusive educational landscape, where more students, regardless of their economic
circumstances, can access the knowledge and resources they need to enhance their learning
experiences.

For all these reasons, today the Internet has generously provided students with an
extraordinary opportunity to access many educational topics, English applications and many
virtual learning platforms and it is for this reason that we want to implement the use of
mobile devices inside and outside the classroom to improve English language
comprehension.

VII.1. Independent and continuous language practice.

“If students are carefully guided through the process and directed towards the purposeful use
of technology, they are on the way to achieving learner’s autonomy and becoming autonomous
and self-regulated learners”. (Bećirović, 2021)``

According to Bećirović, students can be guided to independent and self-study so that in

addition to learning in the classroom, they can also learn outside the classroom by learning
outside the classroom. In this way mobile devices become a favorable tool for learning English
even when studying once a week, because the rest of the week you can practice any English
language skill independently.

VII.2. Utilization of language learning applications

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 “As mobile applications are increasingly being used to learn foreign languages, the
popularity of mobile learning technologies in general is growing. Online collaboration and
mobile learning have had a significant impact on English language teaching”. (Gou, 2023) ``

The apps therefore allow for a flexible and personalized learning experience, offer
interactive activities and online educational resources, and can be used anytime, anywhere.
Therefore, it is not surprising that mobile learning technologies are changing the way English is
taught and are gaining popularity in the field of foreign language teaching.

In summary, the use of apps at Colegio La Independencia will allow flexible and
personalized learning for students as they are motivated by technology and that is why we
want to implement the use of mobile devices for learning English.

Generally, teachers recognize the need to choose learning apps and games that
meet curricular needs. The wide acceptance of digital games in education, the growth of
mobile devices, and the need to support instruction, analyzing games and learning
application with a research-based instrument grounded in pedagogy and theory is
warranted. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of a learning app or game allows
teachers to best know how to use these types of digital resources. (Glenda A. Gunter,
2015)

According to Glenda A. Teachers recognize the need to choose learning apps and games
that align with curricular objectives and content. This is due to the wide acceptance of digital
games in education, as well as the growth of mobile devices.

For the above mentioned teachers of the school independence recognize and make the use
of mobile devices with applications and digital platforms based on the teaching - learning of the
English language, last but not least it should be noted that teachers are being updated with the
passage of the days, to be current with the different functions offered by modern technology.

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 VII.3. Integration of real-life situations

(Raiskinmäki, 2019) “Tells us that devices allow us to search for nearly anything we want, it
has also changed the way we acquire information”.

Hence the widespread use of portable devices such as smartphones and tablets, people
now have access to a wide range of information that is just a few taps away. The convenience
and ease of use of these devices have revolutionized the way we seek and acquire
knowledge.

For this reason we want to implement the use of the aforementioned mobile devices in
classrooms to improve the comprehension of the English language in its different skills, for a
better understanding of the students.

(Al-Zahrani, 2015) “Highlights the significance of various factors such as time, place, and
activity in mobile-assisted language learning, regardless of whether the learning takes place in
a formal classroom setting or informally outside of class”.

Finally, activities such as homework or learning exercises that will be used at La

Independencia School through mobile devices. Through a wide range of interactive and
adaptive activities, students will be able to actively participate in language learning, which
positively influences their English language learning.

VIII. Effective Integration of Mobile Devices to Enhance English

Comprehension.

The use of mobile devices allows you and your learners to interact seamlessly with
each other in both formal and informal learning contexts. For example, a teacher can
encourage students to create a personal visual story about their daily routine. The
learner can take a series of snapshots of moments in their day-for example, their
alarm clock, a toothbrush, a cup of coffee, their walk to work, etc.-and describe the

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 actions to the teacher. For example: "I take a shower and get dressed...". This often
highlights aspects of language that require teacher intervention. (Norton, 2014)

According to Joanna Norton the use of mobile devices allows to the students to interact
with their partners in and out of the classroom and facilitate to the teacher to implement
English language with real and actually contexts. Also is important use technology because
all students in the actually are involved in the technology, for this reason implement this use
in the Classroom allows to the teacher to do more easy and motivated the English learning.

Taking into account our study center, teachers and students have mobile devices inside
and outside the classroom, for this reason we decided to implement the use of them with
applications and off-line platforms to implement the good use of such equipment. Teachers
leave homework or research topics so that students can send them during the week via
applications or email and thus make good use of the devices and learn the English
language in an easy and safe way.

VIII.1. Innovative pedagogical strategies using mobile devices.

VIII.1.1. Asynchronous learning as a learning strategy

According to (Partnership, 2013) Asynchronous learning is a general term used to

describe forms of education, instruction, and learning that do not occur in the same
place or at the same time. The term is most commonly applied to various forms of digital
and online learning in which students learn from instruction—such as prerecorded video
lessons or game-based learning tasks that students complete on their own—that is not
being delivered in person or in real time. Yet asynchronous learning may also
encompass a wide variety of instructional interactions, including email exchanges
between teachers, online discussion boards, and course-management systems that

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 organize instructional materials and correspondence, among many other possible
variations.

In other words, asynchronous learning is a teaching technique that allows students to study
on their own schedule and in a place they find convenient. This type of learning can happen
live or offline through videos, material or educational resources previously provided by the
teacher. Unlike synchronous learning, asynchronous learning does not require students to be
present in a specific place or at a specific time.

In summary, the use of this strategy in high school students by encounter at Colegio La
Independencia will allow a flexible learning, self-paced, revised and can develop their skills,
which today the use of these devices is massive and therefore we want to implement it with
students in English language learning.

The following examples of how to make asynchronous learning effective outside the classroom
in an autonomous way with the protagonists are shown below:

1. Video Lessons

A pre-recorded video lesson is an example of asynchronous learning that is useful,

especially when demonstrations are needed. Pre-recorded video lessons can be used to show
details, and students can always rewind to better understand the topic.

2. Collaborative documents in the cloud

Collaborative authoring is another effective asynchronous example that is being used by

more and more schools and/or universities and should be seriously considered by those who
have not yet achieved it. This method in addition to providing information allows players to
access and learn from documents that are added to a cloud in a specific class, in this case
English. Teachers can work on these documents in the cloud from different locations so that
students can provide valid feedback when needed.

3. Social media groups

Social media groups are groups on various social networking platforms that generally focus
on a particular field. For example, eighth grade high school students at Colegio La

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Independencia are part of a whatsapp group on the subject of English in which they share
ideas and practice learning the language with teachers and classmates.

VIII.1.2. Classroom technology

“Students, particularly in secondary grades, are on the go as much, if not more, than their
parents. By incorporating mobile-friendly apps and assignments into your classroom, and
explicitly teaching students to use them, you're meeting student's needs in terms of
accessibility, and you're giving them the power of real-time, instantaneous access to their
work” (Jaime, 2023)

As Jaime K says the incorporation of applications using technological devices in the

classroom and teaching students to use them allows the possibility that they can work and
practice in real time and facilitate their learning.

Therefore the incorporation of technology in the classroom and teaching on it allows

constant practice and when desired, also when it comes to teaching English the incorporation
of applications that contain vocabulary and audio learning is more practical.

When it comes to devices and classroom setup, the more flexibility, the better. Being able
to modify how students are seated enables a greater variety of tech-based activities. (Jaime,
2023). As Jaime K says, the use of technological devices allows for a great variety, that is why
the use of technology in the classroom and outside the classroom is so necessary, because it
keeps students motivated, and technology allows for a range of multimedia that is full of
instantaneous practice or practice outside the classroom.

Technology is a great way to improve student engagement and encourage students to

attend class, it is a tool to use today. There are a myriad of ways to use technology to enhance
the classroom:

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  Video mini-lessons: Teacher Tube offers an education-only version of YouTube,
with videos on a number of core subjects. This makes the learning process more
engaging, especially for visual learners.
 You can show a short video in English with subtitles, this video has to be related to the
class. For example a video of daily routines.
 Share the video so that all students can have it.
 Recommend to them to consult the unknown words using an application on their cell
phone, if they don't have one you have to find them one so that they also have it.
 Finally, instruct students to do their daily routine similar to the one in the video.

 Podcasts: Offer relevant podcasts to students and appeal to auditory

learners, or have older students create their own: they will develop listening
and reading skills in English, as well as teach them to search for topics of
interest.

 Share a short podcast In English with your students because if it is too long it
could bore them.

 The podcast has to be according to the level of the students and the topic of
study, for example nature.

 Recommend them to look for unknown words.

 Teach them to search for podcasts on the internet so they can practice.

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 IX. METHODOLOGICAL DESING

9.1 Setting

This research will be carried out at La Independencia School, located in the department of
Matagalpa, municipality of Rancho Grande.

9.2 Type of paradigm

Based on what (G. Guba & S. Lincoln, 1994) say a paradigm may be viewed as a set of
basic beliefs (or metaphysics) that deals with ultimate or first principles. It represents a
worldview that defines, for its holder, the nature of the "world," the individual's place in it,
and the range of possible relationships to that world and its parts, as, for example,
cosmologies and theologies do.2 The beliefs are basic in the sense that they must be
accepted simply on faith (however well argued); there is no way to establish their
ultimate truthfulness. If there were, the philosophical debates reflected in these pages
would have been resolved millennia ago.

“Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation

or phenomenon. It can answer questions of what, where, when and how, but not questions of
why, a descriptive research design may use a wide variety of research methods to investigate
one or more variables”. (McCombes, 2022)

What the author means is that the research focuses on the flow of information that details all
the aspects that must be taken into account to identify the direction that the research will take,
that is, to describe the cause and effect of a given event.

This research will be developed under the descriptive paradigm, since data will be collected
through observation to obtain details about our research, which will be obtained with the
perceptions of the people involved in the educational center and their own experiences in the
teaching process.

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9.3 Type of Approach
Qualitative research is a means for exploring and understanding the meaning
individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. The process of research
involves emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s
setting, data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the
researcher making interpretations of the meaning of the data. The final written report
has a flexible structure. Those who engage in this form of inquiry support a way of
looking at research that honors an inductive style, a focus on individual meaning, and
the importance of rendering the complexity of a situation (Creswell, 2017)

This means that qualitative research is a means that allows us to study a group of
individuals to gather information about a social problem, this is done through the application of
instruments that serve to collect data inductively from the particular to the general for the
argumentation of the opinions of different actors on what is being investigated.

The qualitative approach allows the researcher to interact with the individuals to be studied
for the collection of data and information starting from reality, this will lead to consolidate the
information collected for the refinement of each item of research.

The approach of this research will be qualitative since it is necessary to collect the
information so that the expected results are attached to this approach in which we will be
making use of qualitative techniques that will allow us to understand the reality of individuals in
the educational scenario.

9.4. Population and sample

«A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about». (Bhandari, 2020)

What the author means is that the population refers to the entire universe of people and
specific entities which are the field of study for the understanding of a given topic.

That is why we have a certain number of students and a teacher to make a study about our
research, in order to know about the benefits of technology in education.

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 «A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The size of the sample is
always less than the total size of the population». (Bhandari, 2020)

This gives us to understand that the sample is a quantity selected from the totality of the
population. The results obtained from the study of this sample will help us to understand in a
certain way the subject of an investigation through the data collected with the instruments
applied.

«The process of selecting sample from population is called sampling. A method used to select
a sample is called sampling method. Researcher can apply certain sampling method out of
different methods according to the objective of research». (Shukla, 2020)

What the author means is that sampling is the process by which we select a sample of the
universe that is being studied with the purpose of applying the necessary instruments to obtain
information about what we want to know. Sampling is important for the researcher because
there is not enough time, means and materials to apply the interviews and surveys to the
general population, through the sample we collect data from a part of the individuals so that
the results can be generalized.

In this case the scenario of the research will be the Independencia school in Rancho
Grande, to students of eighth grade of high school, of which 28 protagonists, 18 protagonists
are male and belong to the female sex, which will help to give answers to this problem,
considering as a sample of the population for the research and application of instruments will
be taken as the object of study 5 students and 1 English teacher, which will allow interaction
and exchange of their own knowledge to achieve better results, for the realization the following
criteria will be developed:

The teachers and students belong to the Independencia School.

- The students are in the eighth grade of secondary school per meeting.

- The free disposition of the interviewees

21
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24
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ANNEXE

25
26
 Variable operationalization

Variables Concept Sub Indicators Questions Instruments Adressed

variables to

Benefits One of the key Access to How often do you Survey Teacher
of the use benefits of using multimedi use Mobile devices
of mobile technology in the a content to access to
devices classroom is that it multimedia content
inside the can provide students
classroom with a more in teaching English?
interactive
. and dynamic
-Never -Occasionally
learning experience. -sometime -Often -
For example, Usually -Always
teachers can use
interactive
whiteboards to
present multimedia How often do you
content and use mobile devices
to access
multimedia content
 facilitate in-class to improve English Survey Students
activities, or they can comprehension?
use tablets to provide
-Never -Occasionally
students with access
to digital learning -Sometimes -Often
resources. This can
help students stay -Usually. -
engaged and Always
motivated, as they
are able to
participate in hands-
How does it help
on, experiential
your students
learning activities
practicing Reading
rather than just
skills using mobile
listening to lectures
devuce in English?
or reading from a
textbook. (Emmy
Michele, 2023)

Interview Teacher

Does it promote Survey Teacher

collaborative
learning using
mobile devices in
English
comprehension?
Real time
interactio
n and Never -Occasionally
-sometime -Often -
collaborati
Usually –Always
on

Do you use mobile

device to learn
English in your
group of class? Survey Student

Never -Occasionally
-sometime -Often -
Usually –Always

Do you form groups

of students using
mobile devices to
teach English?

Inmediate
feedback

Interview Teacher
 Do you provide Interview Teacher
feedback to your
your English
learners?

Benefits of Mobile learning Independ Do you agree that Survey Student

the use of can also improve ents and constant and
mobile collaboration continues independent
among learners, language
devices learning practice
as it provides a practice.
outside the is essential to
platform for
classroom improve English
communication
and collaboration language
in real time. With comprehension?
features like
discussion boards,
instant messaging, Never -
and group
 projects, mobile Utilization of Occasionally -
learning can foster language sometime -Often
a sense of learning -Usually –
community and Always
applicatio
collaboration
ns
among learners,
even when they
are located in
different parts of
the world. (Ricci
Masero, 2023)

Integratio
ns of

real-life
situations