SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VI SEMESTER

1909606 – GAS DYNAMICS AND SPACE PROPULSION

Regulation–2019

Academic Year 2021-2022 (Even Semester)

Prepared by

Mr. G. LOKESH, Assistant Professor (O.G)/MECH

 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT CODE / NAME : 1909606 / GAS DYNAMICS AND SPACE PROPULSION

SEMESTER / YEAR : VI SEMESTER / III YEAR

UNIT I - BASIC CONCEPTS AND ISENTROPIC FLOWS

Energy and momentum equations of compressible fluid flows, Concepts of compressible flow –
Mach waves and Mach cone. Flow regimes, effect of Mach number on compressibility. Stagnation,
static, critical properties and their interrelationship. Isentropic flow and its relations. Isentropic
flow through variable area ducts – nozzles and diffusers. Use of Gas tables.
PART – A (2 MARKS)
S. No. QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 State the difference between compressible fluid and BTL2 Understanding
incompressible fluid.
2 How is the static temperature of the low related to total BTL1 Remembering
temperature?
3 Draw the Mach cone for M=2 and mark all the feature. BTL2 Understanding
4 Distinguish between nozzle and diffuser BTL1 Remembering
5 What do you understand by compressibility effect? BTL2 Understanding
6 Name the four reference velocities that are used BTL1 Remembering
in expressing the third velocities in non-dimensional
form.
7 What is subsonic, sonic and supersonic flow with respect BTL1 Remembering
to Mach number?
8 How the area and velocity vary in supersonic flow of BTL2 Understanding
nozzle and diffuser?
9 "Higher the velocity of supersonic flow, smaller the BTL4 Analyzing
angle of cone". Comment on validity of this statement.
10 A plane travels at a speed of 2400km/h. in an BTL5 Evaluate
atmosphere of 5°C. Find the Mach angle.
11 What is the advantage of using M* (second kind of BTL1 Remembering
 Mach number) instead of M (local Mach number) in
some cases?
12 List the condition for choking in CD nozzle. BTL2 Understanding
13 Draw the disturbances wave propagation in compressible BTL3 Applying
flow M = 1 and M>1.
14 When M*is used instead of M? BTL1 Remembering
15 Rewrite the advantage of using M* (second kind of BTL1 Remembering
Mach number) instead of M (local Mach number) in
some cases.
16 The wave front caused by firing a bullet gave a Mach BTL3 Applying
angle of 35˚. Find the velocity of the bullet if the static
temperature of atmosphere is 276K.
17 Draw the Mach cone and indicate various zones. BTL2 Understanding
18 Define Mach number. BTL1 Remembering
19 What do you understand by compressibility effect? BTL2 Understanding
20 Discuss stagnation temperature and stagnation pressure. BTL2 Understanding

PART – B (13 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE

1 (a) Derive the following relations for one dimensional (6) BTL6 Creating
dA d 
isentropic flow:  (1  M 2 )
A c 2
(b) Derive the relation of effect of Mach number on (7) BTL6 Creating
Compressibility
2 Nitrogen is expanded isentropically in a nozzle from a (13) BTL3 Applying
pressure of 2000 kPa, at a temperature of 1000 K, to a
pressure of 101 kPa. If the velocity of the nitrogen
entering the nozzle is negligible, determine the exit
nozzle area required for a nitrogen flow of 0.5 kg/s.
Assume the nitrogen to behave as a perfect gas with
constant specific heats, mean molecular mass of 28.0,
and γ = 1.4.
3 (a) Derive the Bernoulli equation for isentropic (7) BTL6 Creating
compressible flow?
(b) Derive the equation of pressure co - efficient for (6) BTL6 Creating
 compressible flow?
P0  P M2 M4
 1   ...,
1 2 4 40
c
2
4 Carbon dioxide expands isentropically through a nozzle (13) BTL3 Applying
from a pressure of 3.2bar to 1bar. If the initial
temperature is 475 K, determine the final temperature,
the enthalpy drop and the change in internal energy.
5 Air (γ=1.4, R=287 J/Kg-K) at an inlet Mach number of (13) BTL5 Evaluate
0.2 enters a straight duct at 400 K and expands
isentropically if the exit Mach number is 0.8 determine
the following.
i. Stagnation temperature
ii. Critical temperature
iii. Static temperature at exit
iv. Area ratio
6 Draw and explain Mach cone, Mach angle and Mach (13) BTL2 Understanding
waves.
7 A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm (13) BTL4 Analyzing
and 30 cm respectively. The pressure temperature and
velocity of air at entry is 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/s
respectively.
Determine
i. The exit pressure
ii. The exit velocity and
iii. The force exerted on the diffuser walls.
Assume isentropic flow, γ =1.4, Cp =1.005 KJ/Kg-K.
8 A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test – section Mach (13) BTL3 Applying
number of 2.0. Air enters the nozzle from a large
reservoir at 0.69 bars and 310 K .The cross – sectional
area of the throat is 1000cm². Determine the following
quantities for the tunnel for one dimensional isentropic
flow
i. Pressures, temperature and velocities at the throat and
test sections,
ii. Area of cross- sectional of the test section
 iii. Mass flow rate
iv. Power rate required to drive the compressor
9 (a) Ambient air (Po = 1 bar, To = 285 K) is sucked by a (7) BTL3 Applying
blower through a convergent nozzle. The throat diameter
is 12 cm. if the velocity at throat reaches the sonic value.
Determine:
i) Pressure and temperature at the throat
ii) Maximum mass flow rate
(b) A supersonic wind tunnel settling chamber expands (6) BTL3 Applying
air of Freon-21 through a nozzle from a pressure of 10
bar to 4 bar in the test section. Calculate the stagnation
temperature to be maintained in the settling chamber to
obtain a velocity at 500 m/s. in the test section for
i) Air ( Cp = 1.025 kJ/kg-K ; Cv = 0.735 kJ/kg-K)
ii) Freon-21 ( Cp = 0.785 kJ/kg-K ; Cv= 0.675 kJ/kg-K)
What is the test section Mach number for each case?
10 An air craft is flying at an altitude of 11000 meters, at (13) BTL3 Applying
800 km/hr. the air is reversibly compressed in an inlet
diffuser the inlet temperature is 216.65 K and pressure is
0.226 bar. If the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser
is 0.35. Calculate the Entry Mach number, Velocity,
pressure and temperature of air at the diffuser exit.
11 Helium flows at Mach 0.5 in a channel with cross – (13) BTL4 Analyzing
sectional area of 0.16 m2. The stagnation pressure of the
flow is 1 MPa, and stagnation temperature is 1000 K.
Calculate the mass flow rate through the channel, with γ
= 5/3.
12 A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow (13) BTL3 Applying
from a Mach number of 1.5, the static conditions of air
at inlet are 70 kPa and -7°C. if the mass flow rate of air
is 125kg/s, Determine : 1. Stagnation conditions
2. Area at throat and exit 3. Static conditions of air at
exit.
13 Air flow in a duct with a velocity of 215 m/s. The (13) BTL5 Evaluate
temperature of air measured at a point along the duct is
 30°C and the air pressure is 5 bar. Determine a)
Stagnation Pressure, b) Mach number at that point.
14 Air (γ =1.4, R = 287.43 kJ/kg K) enters a straight axis (13) BTL3 Applying
symmetric duct at 300 K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and
leaves it at 277 K, 500 cm². Assuming adiabatic flow
determine: i. Stagnation temperature
ii. Maximum velocity, iii. Mass flow rate, and,
iv. Area of cross-section at exit.

PART – C (15 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Air is discharged from a reservoir at P0 = 6.91 bar and (15) BTL5 Evaluate
T0 = 325ºC through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98
bar. If the flow rate is 3600 kg/hr, determine throat
area, pressure and velocity at the throat, exit area, exit
Mach number and maximum velocity. Consider flow is
isentropic.
2 A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 (15) BTL3 Applying
cm and 30 cm respectively. The pressure, temperature
and velocity of air at entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180
m/s respectively. Determine: (i) The exit pressure, (ii)
The exit velocity (iii) The force exerted on the diffuser
walls.
Assume isentropic flow, γ= 1.4, Cp = 1.00 kJ/kg K.
3 In an isentropic flow diffuser the inlet area is 0.15 m2. At (15) BTL5 Evaluate
the inlet velocity 240m/s, static temperature = 300 k and
static pressure 0.7 bar. Air leaves he diffuser with a
velocity of 120 m/s. Calculate at the exit the mass flow
rate, stagnation pressure, stagnation temperature, area
and entropy change across the diffuser.
4 Derive area ratio as a function of Mach number for one (15) BTL2 Understanding
dimensional isentropic flow.
 UNIT II - FLOW THROUGH DUCTS
Flows through constant area ducts with heat transfer (Rayleigh flow) and Friction (Fanno
flow) – variation of flow properties. Choking. Isothermal flow with friction. Use of Gas tables.
PART – A (2 MARKS)
S. No. QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. In Rayleigh flow what is the Mach number at which the BTL2 Understanding
total enthalpy is maximum?
2. How do you specify equivalent diameter for noncircular BTL2 Understanding
cross section?
3. Give two practical examples for Fanno flow and Rayleigh BTL2 Understanding
flow analysis.
4. Sketch the Rayleigh line on the T-s plane and explain the BTL3 Applying
significance of it.
5. In Rayleigh flow what is the Mach number at which the BTL1 Remembering
total enthalpy is maximum?
6. List some flow properties. BTL1 Remembering
7. Label the limiting Mach number in isothermal flow. BTL2 Understanding
8. State the assumptions made to derive the equations for BTL1 Remembering
isothermal flow.
9. Explain at what conditions the assumption of Rayleigh BTL2 Understanding
flow is not valid in a heat exchanger.
10. What is the value of Mach number of air at the maximum BTL1 Remembering
point in Rayleigh heating process?
11. List the governing equations that are useful to describe BTL1 Remembering
the Rayleigh flow.
12. Write down the ratio of velocities between any two BTL1 Remembering
sections in terms of their Mach number in a Fanno flow.
13. Define Rayleigh line and state its application. BTL1 Remembering
14. Define critical condition in Fanno flow. BTL1 Remembering
15. State the assumptions made for Isothermal flow. BTL1 Remembering
16. Explain the difference between Fanno flow and BTL2 Understanding
isothermal flow.
17. Write down the expression for pressure ratio of two BTL1 Remembering
 sections in terms of Mach number in Rayleigh flow.
18. Draw Fanno curve and represent subsonic and supersonic BTL4 Analyzing
flows.
19. Explain chocking in Rayleigh flow. BTL2 Understanding
20. Define fanning’s coefficient of skin friction. BTL1 Remembering

PART – B (13 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach (13) BTL3 Applying
number. Sufficient heat is added to obtain a stagnation
temperature ratio of 3 and a final Mach number of 0.8.
Determine the Mach number at entry and the
percentage loss in static pressure. Take γ = 1.4 and Cp
=1.005 kJ/kg-K.
2 The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber (13) BTL3 Applying
is 0.9. The ratio of stagnation temperature at exit and
entry is 3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas
at exit is 2.5 bar and 1000°C respectively, determine
(a) Mach number, pressure and temperature of the gas
at entry (b) the heat supplied per kg of the gas and (c)
the maximum heat that can be supplied. Take
γ=1.3,Cp=1.218 kJ/kg-K.
3 The conditions of a gas in a combustor at entry are: P1 (13) BTL3 Applying
= 0.343 bar ,T1 = 310 K ,C1= 60 m/s. Determine the
Mach number, pressure, temperature and velocity at
the exit if the increase in stagnation enthalpy of the gas
between entry and exit is 1172.5 KJ/Kg. Take
Cp=1.005 kJ/kg-K, γ =1.4.
4 A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives (13) BTL3 Applying
air at 350 K, 0.55 bar and 75 m/s. The air – fuel ratio is
29 and the calorific value of the fuel is 41.87 MJ/kg K.
Taking γ = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K for the gas
determine.
a) The initial and final Mach numbers,
 b) Final pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas
c) Percent stagnation pressure loss in the combustion
chamber and
d) The maximum stagnation temperature attainable.
5 A supersonic nozzle is provided with a constant (13) BTL3 Applying
diameter circular duct at exit. The duct diameter is
same as the nozzle exit diameter. Nozzle exit cross-
section is three times that of its throat. The entry
conditions of the gas (γ=1.4, R=0.287 kJ/Kg K) are P0
= 10 bar, T0 = 600 K .Calculate the static pressure,
Mach number and the velocity of the gas in the duct:
(1) When the nozzle operates at its design condition,
(2) When a normal shock occurs at its exit.
6 Air flows out of a pipe with a diameter of 0.3 m at a rate (13) BTL3 Applying
of 1000 m3/ min at a pressure and temperature of 150
KPa and 293 K respectively. If the pipe is 50 m long,
and assuming that friction coefficient f = 0.005, find the
Mach number at exit, the inlet pressure and the inlet
temperature.
7 In an isentropic flow diffuser the inlet area is 0.15 m2. (13) BTL5 Evaluate
At the inlet velocity 240 m/s, static temperature = 300 K
and static pressure 0.7 bar. Air leaves the diffuser with a
velocity of 120 m/s. Calculate the exit the mass flow
rate, stagnation pressure, stagnation temperature, area
and entropy change across the diffuser.
8 At an inlet temperature of 60°C flows with subsonic (13) BTL2 Understanding
velocity through an insulated pipe having inside
diameter of 50 mm and a length of 5 m. the pressure at
the exit of the pipe is 101 KPa and the flow is chocked
at the end of the pipe. If the friction factor 4f = 0.005,
determine the inlet Mach number, the mass flow rate
and the exit temperature.
9 Air (γ = 1.4) flows into a constant area insulated duct (13) BTL3 Applying
with a Mach number of 0.20. For a duct diameter of 1
cm and friction coefficient of 0.02, determine the duct
 length required to reach Mach 0.60. Determine the
length required to attain Mach 1. Finally, if an
additional 75 cm is added to duct length needed to
reach Mach 1, while the initial stagnation conditions
are maintained, determine the reduction in flow rate
that would occur.
10 Air flows through a pipe of 25 mm diameter and 51 m (13) BTL2 Understanding
length. The conditions at the pipe exit are M2 = 0.8, P2
= 1 atm and T2= 270 K. Assuming adiabatic one-
dimensional flow, calculate M1, P1,T1 at the pipe
entrance. Take the local friction coefficient to be
0.005.
11 A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/s of air at an exit Mach (13) BTL3 Applying
number of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are
3.45 bar and 38°C respectively and the coefficient of
friction 0.005. If the Mach number at entry is 0.15,
determine :
i) The diameter of the duct ii) Length of the duct
iii) Pressure and temperature at the exit iv) Stagnation
pressure loss and Verify the exit Mach number
through exit velocity and temperature.
12 Air enters a long circular duct (d =12.5 cm, f = 0.0045) (13) BTL2 Understanding
at a Mach number 0.5, pressure 3.0 bar and
temperature 312 K. If the flow is isothermal
throughout the duct determine
(a) the length of the duct required to change the Mach
number to 0.7,
(b) pressure and temperature of air at M = 0.7
(c) the length of the duct required to attain limiting
Mach number, and
(d) State of air at the limiting Mach number.
Compare these values with those obtained in adiabatic
flow.
13 A convergent –divergent nozzle is provided with a (13) BTL3 Applying
pipe of constant cross-section at its exit the exit
 diameter of the nozzle and that of the pipe is 40 cm.
The mean coefficient of friction for the pipe is 0.0025.
Stagnation pressure and temperature of air at the
nozzle entry are 12 bar and 600 K. The flow is
isentropic in the nozzle and adiabatic in the pipe. The
Mach numbers at the entry and exit of the pipe are 1.8
and 1.0 respectively. Determine:
a) The length of the pipe
b) Diameter of the nozzle throat and
c) Pressure and temperature at the pipe exit.
14 Show that the upper and lower branches of a Fanno (13) BTL3 Applying
curve represent subsonic and supersonic flows
respectively. Prove that at the maximum entropy point
Mach number is unity and all processes approach this
point. How would the state of a gas in a flow change
from the supersonic to subsonic branch?

PART – C (15 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Air having Mach number 3 with total temperature (15) BTL4 Analyzing
295°C and static pressure 0.5 bar flows through a
constant is duct adiabatically to another section where
the Mach number is 1.5. Determine the amount of heat
transfer and the change in stagnation pressure.
2 The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion (15) BTL3 Applying
chamber is increased to 3.5 times its initial value. If the
air at entry is at 5 bar, 105°C and a Mach number of
0.25. Determine:
i) the Mach number, pressure and temperature at exit.
ii) Stagnation pressure loss and iii) the heat supplied per
kg of air.
3 Atmospheric air at pressure 1.01325 x 105 N/m2 and (15) BTL5 Evaluate
temperature 300 K is drawn through a frictionless bell-
mouth entrance into a 3 m long tube having a 0.05 m
 diameter. The average friction coefficient f = 0.005, for
the tube. The system is perfectly insulated.
(i)Find the maximum mass flow rate and the range of
back pressures that will produce this flow.
(ii) What is the exit pressure required to produce 90%
of the maximum flow rate, and what will be the
stagnation pressure and the velocity at the exit for that
mass flow rate?
4 Hydrogen gas enters an insulated tube of 25 mm (15) BTL3 Applying
diameter with V1= 200 m/s, P1=250 kPa and T1= 303 K.
What is the length of the tube required for this flow to
choke? Determine the exit pressure. The average
friction factor of the tube is f=0.03.
 UNIT III - NORMAL AND OBLIQUE SHOCKS
Governing equations - Rankine-Hugoniot Relation. Variation of flow parameters across the
normal and oblique shocks. Prandtl – Meyer expansion and relation. Use of Gas tables.
PART – A (2 MARKS)
S. No. QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. Distinguish between shock angle and deviation angle. BTL4 Analyzing
2. What is the response of change fluid stagnation states across BTL2 Understanding
a normal shock?
3. Mention the useful application of shock wave. BTL2 Understanding
4. Define oblique shock. BTL1 Remembering
5. What is the use of Pitot tube in supersonic flow? BTL1 Remembering
6. State the reasons the shock waves cannot be developed in BTL1 Remembering
subsonic flow.
7. State the necessary conditions for a normal shock to occur in BTL1 Remembering
compressible flow.
8. List the situations where shocks are undesirable. BTL1 Remembering
9. Explain how the pilot tube and could be used to measure the BTL2 Understanding
Mach number in supersonic flow.
10. Complete the Prandtl-Meyer relation for normal shock. BTL2 Understanding
11. Write the changes across normal shock for Mach number BTL2 Understanding
and static pressure.
12. Give two useful applications of the shock waves. BTL1 Remembering
13. Define strength of shock wave. BTL1 Remembering
14. How is the shock formed? BTL2 Understanding
15. Where is the shock advantageous? BTL2 Understanding
16. Define strong and weak wave. BTL2 Understanding
17. Explain why the shock cannot occur in subsonic flows. BTL2 Understanding
18. Give the difference between Normal shock and Oblique BTL4 Analyzing
shock.
19. Define supersonic wind tunnels. BTL1 Remembering
20. Calculate the strength of shock wave when normal shock BTL3 Applying
appears at M = 2.
 PART – B (13 MARKS)
S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Helium at 35°C is flowing at a Mach number of 1.5. (13) BTL3 Applying
Find the velocity and determine the local Mach angle.
Determine the velocity of air at 40°C to produce a
Mach angle of 38°.
2 The ratio of the exit to entry area in a subsonic diffuser (13) BTL3 Applying
is 4.0 .The Mach number of a jet of air approaching
the diffuser at P0 =1.013 bar, T0 =290 K is 2.2. There
is a standing normal shock wave just outside the
diffuser entry. The flow in the diffuser is isentropic.
Determine at the exit of the diffuser.1. Mach number
2. Temperature 3. Pressure 4. What is the stagnation
pressure loss between the initial and final states?
3 a) The velocity of a normal shock wave moving into (7) BTL3 Applying
stagnant air (P =1.0 bar, T=17°C) is 500 m/s. If the
area of cross- section of the duct is constant.
Determine (a) pressure (b) temperature (c) velocity of
air (d) stagnation temperature and (e) the Mach
number imparted upstream of the wave front.
b) The following data refers to a supersonic wind (6) BTL3 Applying
tunnel:
Nozzle throat area =200cm²
Test section cross- section =337.5cm²
Working fluid; air (γ=1.4, Cp =0.287 KJ/Kg K).
Calculate the test section Mach number and the
diffuser throat area if a normal shock is located in the
test section.
4 A jet plane is traveling at Mach 1.8 at an altitude of 10 (13) BTL3 Applying
km where the temperature is 223.3 K. Determine the
speed of the plane. (b) Air at 320 K flows in a
supersonic wind tunnel over a 2-D wedge. From a
photograph the Mach angle is measured to be 45°.
Determine the flow velocity, the local speed of sound
and the Mach number of the tunnel.
5 Starting from the energy equation for flow through a (13) BTL5 Evaluate
normal shock in the following relations (or) Prandtl –
Meyer relation
Cx x Cy =a*²
Mx* x My* =1
6 A gas (γ =1.3) at P1 =345 Mbar, T1= 350 K and M1=1.5 (13) BTL4 Analyzing
is to be isentropically expanded to 138 Mbar. Evaluate
(a) the deflection angle, (b) final Mach number and (c)
the temperature of the gas.
7 a) A jet of air at Mach number of 2.5 is deflected (13) BTL2 Understanding
inwards at the corner of a curved wall. The wave angle
at the corner is 60°. Determine the deflection angle of
the wall, pressure and temperature ratios and final Mach
number.
b) Derive the Rankine – Huguenot relation for an (13) BTL6 Creating
oblique shock. Compare graphically the variation of
density ratio with the initial Mach number in isentropic
flow and flow with oblique shock.
8 An oblique shock wave at an angle of 35° occurs at the (13) BTL2 Understanding
leading edge a symmetrical wedge. Air has a Mach
number of 2.0, upstream temperature of 310 K and
upstream pressure of 10 bar. Determine the following
(i) Downstream pressure
(ii) Downstream temperature
(iii) Wedge angle
(iv) Downstream Mach number
9 An air jet at a Mach number of 2.1 is isentropically (13) BTL3 Applying
deflected by 10° in the clockwise direction. The initial
pressure is 100 kN/m2 and initial temperature is 98°C.
Determine the final state of air after expansion.
10 Air approaches a symmetrical wedge (δ=15°) at a Mach (13) BTL2 Understanding
number of 2.0. Determine for the strong and weak waves
(i) Wave angle (ii)Pressure ratio (iii)Density ratio (iv)
Temperature ratio (v) Downstream Mach number.
Verify these values using Gas tables for normal shocks.
 11 A jet of air at a Mach number of 2.5 is deflected inwards (13) BTL3 Applying
at the corner of a curved wall. The wave angle at the
corner is 60°. Determine the deflection angle of the wall,
pressure and temperature ratios and final Mach number.
12 A supersonic stream of air at M = 3.0 is deflected (13) BTL3 Applying
inwards by 15°. This generates strong and weak oblique
shock waves. Calculate the following quantities for
these waves: Wave angle, Downstream Mach number,
Temperature ratio, static and stagnation pressure ratios.
13 A uniform supersonic air flow at Mach 2.0 passes over a (13) BTL3 Applying
wedge. An oblique shock, making an angle of 40 ° with
the flow direction, is attached to the wedge. If the static
pressure and temperature in the freestream are 0.5 x 105
N/m2 and 0°C, determine the static pressure and
temperature behind the wave , the Mach number of the
flow passing over the wedge and the wedge angle.
14 Air at P1=0.3*105 N/m2, T1=350K and M1=1.5 is to be (13) BTL3 Applying
expanded isentropically to 0.13*105 N/m2. Determine
(a) the flow deflection angle, (b) final Mach number,
and (c) the temperature of air after expansion.

PART – C (15 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 A jet of air at 270 K and 0.7 bar has an initial mach (15) BTL3 Applying
number of 1.9. If it passes through a normal
shockwave, determine the following for downstream
of the shock. (1) Mach number (2) Pressure (3)
Temperature (4) Speed of sound (5) Jet of velocity (6)
Density.
2 Derive an expression for the Mach number (15) BTL6 Creating
downstream of a normal shock in terms of upstream
Mach number.
3 For an oblique shock wave with a wave angle of 33° and (15) BTL3 Applying
upstream Mach number 2.4, calculate the flow deflection
 angle, the pressure and temperature ratios across the
shock wave and the Mach number behind the wave.
4 A pilot tube kept in a supersonic wind tunnel forms a (15) BTL4 Analyzing
bow shock ahead of it. The static pressure upstream of
the shock is 16 kPa and the pressure at the mouth is
70 kPa. Estimate the mach number of the tunnel. If
the stagnation temperature is 300°C, calculate the
static temperature and total pressure upstream and
downstream of the tube.
 UNIT IV - JET PROPULSION
Theory of jet propulsion – thrust equation – Performance parameters - thrust, power and
efficiency. Operation, cycle analysis and performance of ram jet, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop
and pulse jet engines.
PART – A (2 MARKS)
S. No. QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. Rewrite thrust power and propulsive efficiency of aircraft BTL1 Remembering
engine.
2. Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and BTL2 Understanding
turbine?
3. Name three commonly used aircraft engines. BTL1 Remembering
4. Define specific consumption. BTL1 Remembering
5. What is meant by By-Pass ratio of turbofan engine? BTL1 Remembering
6. A turbo jet engine having a flight velocity of 800 km/hr at an BTL3 Applying
ambient pressure of 60 kPa the properties of gas entering the
nozzle are 300 kPa and 200˚C. The mass flow rate of air is
20 kg/s. Assuming for air Cp/Cv = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg-
K, find the thrust power of the engine.
7. What are the benefits of thrust augmentation in a turbojet BTL2 Understanding
engine?
8. Why axial flow compressors are preferred over centrifugal BTL4 Analyzing
compressors in jet engines?
9. What is after burning in turbojet engines? BTL1 Remembering
10. List out the main parts of a Ram jet engine. BTL1 Remembering
11. Define propulsive efficiency as applied to jet propulsion. BTL2 Understanding
12. What is weight flow co-efficient? BTL2 Understanding
13. Find the ratio of jet speed to flight speed for optimum BTL2 Understanding
propulsive efficiency.
14. What is the response of change of fluid stagnation states BTL1 Remembering
across a normal shock ?
15. What is scram jet? BTL2 Understanding
16. Write an expression for thrust of a jet propulsion. BTL1 Remembering
17. Discuss “ram effect”. BTL2 Understanding
 18. Distinguish between shock angle and deviation angle. BTL4 Analyzing
19. Differentiate between pressure thrust and momentum thrust. BTL4 Analyzing
20. Define specific impulse. BTL1 Remembering

PART – B (13 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Explain the principle of operation of a turbojet engine (13) BTL2 Understanding
and state its advantages and disadvantages.
2 a) Explain the working principle of turbofan engine and (5) BTL2 Understanding
turbojet engine with a neat sketch.
b) A turbojet engine, on the test bed, receives air at 1 bar (8) BTL5 Evaluate
and 300 K and it is compressed through a compression
ratio of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Fuel
with heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the
temperature to 1100 K before entering the turbine with
isentropic efficiency of 95%. The mechanical
transmission efficiency is 95%. The expansion in the
nozzle is complete. Determine the jet velocity, specific
impulse and specific fuel consumption.
3 a) Explain the working principle of Ramjet engine with (5) BTL2 Understanding
a neat sketch.
b) A turbojet engine, flying at an altitude, receives air at (8) BTL5 Evaluate
0.6 bar and 255 K and it is compressed through a
compression ratio of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of
80%. Fuel with heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to
raise the temperature to 1200 K before entering the
turbine with isentropic efficiency of 95%. The
mechanical transmission efficiency is 97%. A
convergent nozzle with an exit area of 0.5 m2 is used to
produce a gas jet. Determine the jet velocity, thrust, and
specific fuel consumption.
4 An aircraft flies at 960 km/hr. One of its turbojet engines (13) BTL4 Analyzing
takes in 40 kg/s of air and expands the gases to the
ambient pressure. The air – fuel ratio is 50 and the lower
 calorific value of the fuel is 43 MJ/Kg. For maximum
thrust power, determine: (a) jet velocity (b) thrust (c)
specific thrust (d) thrust power (e) propulsive, thermal
and overall efficiencies and (f) TSFC
5 A turbo jet engine propels an aircraft at a Mach number (13) BTL3 Applying
of 0.8 in level flight at an altitude of 10 km. The data for
the engine is given below:
Stagnation temperature at the turbine inlet =1200 K
Stagnation temperature rise through the compressor =
175 K
Calorific value of the fuel = 43 MJ/Kg
Compressor efficiency = 0.75
Combustion chamber efficiency = 0.975
Turbine efficiency = 0.81
Mechanical efficiency of the power transmission
between turbine and compressor = 0.98
Exhaust nozzle efficiency 0.97
Specific impulse = 25 seconds
Assuming the same properties for air and combustion
gases calculate:
i) Fuel –air ratio,
ii) Compressor pressure ratio,
iii) Turbine pressure ratio,
iv) Exhaust nozzles pressure ratio ,and
v) Mach number of exhaust jet.
6 A turbojet aircraft flies at 875 km/hr. at an attitude of (13) BTL3 Applying
10,000 m above mean sea level. Calculate (i) air flow
rate through the engine (ii) thrust (iii) specific thrust (iv)
specific impulse (v) thrust power and (vi) TSFC from
the following data:
Diameter of the air at inlet section = 0.75 m
Diameter of jet pipe at exit = 0.5 m
Velocity of the gases at the exit of the jet pipe = 500 m/s
Pressure at the exit of the jet pipe = 0.30 bar
Air to fuel ratio = 40.
7 a) Derive the thrust equation for rocket engine. (6) BTL6 Creating
b) The diameter of the propeller of an aircraft is 2.5 m; it (7) BTL2 Understanding
flies at a speed of 500 km/hr at an altitude of 8000 m.
For a flight to jet speed ratio of 0.75, determine: The
flow rate of air through the propeller, Thrust produced,
specific thrust, specific impulse and thrust power.
8 An aircraft propeller flies at a speed of 440 km/hr. The (13) BTL3 Applying
diameter of the propeller is 4.1 m and the speed ratio is
0.8. The ambient conditions of air at the flight altitude
are T = 255K and P = 0.55 bar. Find the following:
1. Thrust
2. Thrust Power
3. Propulsive efficiency.
9 A turbo propels an aircraft at a speed of 900 km/hour, (13) BTL3 Applying
while taking 3000 kg of air per minute. The isentropic
enthalpy drop in the nozzle is 200 kJ/kg and nozzle
efficiency is 90%. The air-fuel ratio is 85 and the
combustion efficiency is 95%. The calorific value of the
fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate,
i) The propulsive power
ii) Thrust power
iii) Thermal efficiency and
iv) Propulsive efficiency
10 A turbojet engine is traveling at 850 km/hr at standard (13) BTL3 Applying
sea level conditions (101.32 KPa and 15˚C) .The
compressor ratio is 4:1.The turbine inlet temperature is
1000˚C.
Calculate
(i) Specific Thrust
(ii) Thrust S A C
(iii) Propulsive efficiency
Assume γ = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg. K.
11 Differentiate turbojet and turbo prop propulsion engines (13) BTL4 Analyzing
with suitable diagrams.
12 A ramjet engine operates at M = 1.2 at an altitude of (13) BTL3 Applying
 6500 m. The diameter of inlet diffuser at entry is 50 cm
and the stagnation temperature at the nozzle entry is
1500 K. The calorific value of the fuel used is 40 MJ/kg.
The properties of the combustion gases are same those
of air (γ = 1.4, R = 287 J/kg. K). The velocity of the air
at the diffuser exit is negligible, Calculate:
i. The efficiency of the ideal cycle
ii. Flight speed
iii. Air flow rate
iv. Diffuser pressure ratio
v. Fuel air ratio
vi. Nozzle jet Mach number
The efficiency of the diffuser = 0.9, combustor = 0.98
and the nozzle = 0.96.
13 A turbojet has a speed of 750 km/hr while flying at an (13) BTL3 Applying
altitude of 10000 m. The propulsive efficiency of the jet
is 50% and the overall efficiency of the turbine plant is
16%. The density of the air at 10000 m altitude is 0.173
kg/m3. The drag on the plane is 6250 N. Calorific value
of the fuel is 48000 kJ/kg. Calculate
a. Absolute velocity of the jet
b. Diameter of the jet.
c. Power output of the unit in kW.
14 a) The diameter of the propeller of an aircraft is 2.5 m; it (8) BTL4 Analyzing
flies at a speed of 500 km/hr at an altitude of 8000 m.
for a flight to jet speed ratio of 0.75, determine; the flow
rate of air through the propeller, thrust produced,
specific thrust, specific impulse and thrust power.
b) Deduce the equation of Jet Thrust and Propeller (5) BTL6 Creating
Thrust.

PART – C (15 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 A turbojet engine operates at an altitude of 11km and a (15) BTL4 Analyzing
 inlet Mach number of 0.82. The data for a engine is
given below: Stagnation temperature at the turbine
inlet = 1220 K, Stagnation temperature rise through
the Compressor = 170 K, CV of the fuel = 42 MJ/kg,
Compressor efficiency = 0.75, Combustor efficiency =
0.97, Turbine efficiency = 0.83. Determine (i) Air fuel
ratio, (ii) Compressor pressure ratio, (iii) Turbine
pressure ratio, (iv) Velocity of aircraft.
2 Describe the working of supersonic ramjet engine with (15) BTL2 Understanding
a neat sketch. List out its advantages and
disadvantages.
3 A turbojet engine operating at a Mach number of 0.8 and (15) BTL3 Applying
the altitude is 10 km has the following data. Calorific
value of the fuel is 42,899 kJ/kg. Thrust force is 50 kN,
mass flow rate of air is 45 kg/s, mass flow rate of fuel is
2.65 kg/s. Determine the specific thrust, thrust specific
fuel consumption, jet velocity, thermal efficiency,
propulsion efficiency and overall efficiency. Assume the
exit pressure is equal to ambient pressure.
4 Explain with sketches the working of the by-pass (15) BTL2 Understanding
engine. How thrust equation is derived for bypass
engine? What are the merits and demerits of such
engines over its competitors?
 UNIT V - SPACE PROPULSION
Types of rocket engines and propellants. Characteristic velocity – thrust equation. Theory of
single and multistage rocket propulsion. Liquid fuel feeding systems. Solid propellant
geometries. Orbital and escape velocity. Rocket performance calculations.
PART – A (2 MARKS)
S. No. QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. Why rocket is called as non-breathing engine? Can rocket BTL2 Understanding
work at vacuum?
2. Explain the applications of inhibitors in solid propellants. BTL2 Understanding
3. Rewrite the mono-propellants. Give examples. BTL2 Understanding
4. Give the important requirements of rocket engine fuels. BTL1 Remembering
5. Prepare any four specific application of rocket. BTL2 Understanding
6. A rocket flies at 10080 km/hr. with an effective exhaust jet BTL3 Applying
velocity of 1400 m/s and the propellant flow rate of 5kg/s.
Find the propulsion efficiency and propulsion power of the
rocket.
7. Compare the merits and demerits of bio propellants with BTL4 Analyzing
mono propellants
8. What is meant by hypergolic propellant? BTL2 Understanding
9. What is bypass engine and define bypass ratio? BTL2 Understanding
10. Briefly explain thrust augmentation and any two methods of BTL2 Understanding
achieving it.
11. Give any two advantages and disadvantages of rockets BTL4 Analyzing
compared to air breathing engines.
12. Define escape velocity. BTL2 Understanding
13. Distinguish between monopropellant and bipropellant. BTL4 Analyzing
14. What is the need of liquid propellant feeding system for BTL2 Understanding
rockets?
15. Name any two solid propellant fuels and oxidizers. BTL1 Remembering
16. Differentiate the advantageous of solid propellant rockets BTL4 Analyzing
over liquid propellant rockets? List any two.
17. Define terminal velocity. BTL1 Remembering
18. State thrust augmentation. BTL1 Remembering
 19. How is solid propellant ignited? BTL2 Understanding
20. A space crafts engine ejects mass at a rate of 30 kg/s with an BTL5 Evaluate
exhaust velocity of 3100 m/s. The pressure at the nozzle exit
is 5 kPa and the exit area is 0.7m2. What is the thrust of the
engine in a vacuum?

PART – B (13 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 a) Explain the working of Multi-stage rocket with their (6) BTL2 Understanding
merits and demerits.
b) Describe the importance of characteristic velocity. A (7) BTL5 Evaluate
weather satellite is to be launched at an altitude of 500
km above the earth's surface. Determine the required
orbital velocity and derive the equation used.
2 Evaluate the maximum velocity of a rocket and the (13) BTL3 Applying
altitude attained from the following data:
Mass ratio = 0.15
Burnout time = 75 s
Effective jet velocity = 2500 m/s
What are the values of the velocity and altitude losses
due to gravity? Ignore drag and assume vertical
trajectory.
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid (13) BTL1 Remembering
propellants compared to solid propellants?
4 Explain with a neat sketch the working of a gas pressure (8) BTL2 Understanding
feed system used in liquid propellant rocket engines.
5 Describe the important properties of liquid and solid (13) BTL1 Remembering
propellants desired for rocket propulsion.
6 A Rocket has the following data: (13) BTL3 Applying
Propellant flow rate = 203 kg/s
Thrust Chamber Pressure = 47 bar
Thrust Chamber temperature = 3020 K
Nozzle exit diameter = 650 mm
Ambient pressure = 1.013 bar
 Thrust produced = 420 KN
Calculate effective jet velocity, actual velocity, specific
impulse and specific propellant consumption.
Recalculate the values of thrust and specific impulse for
an altitude of 20000 m.
7 A rocket nozzle has an exit area ratio 3:1 with isentropic (13) BTL3 Applying
expansion. What will be the thrust per unit area of exit
and specific impulse if the combustion chamber
temperature is 2973 K and pressure is 20 bar. Assume
atm. pressure is 1 bar and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K and γ =1.3
8 Draw the sketch of a pulse jet engine. Write down its (6) BTL2 Understanding
main advantages and disadvantages.
9 Discuss in detail the various propellants used in solid (7) BTL2 Understanding
fuel rockets and the liquid fuel system. Also sketch the
propellant feed-system for a liquid propellant rocket
motor.
10 Calculate the orbital and escape velocities of a rocket at (13) BTL5 Evaluate
mean sea level and an altitude of 300 km from the
following data: Radius of earth at mean sea level =
6341.6 km. Acceleration due to gravity at mean sea level
= 9.809 m/s2.
11 A rocket flies at 10,080 kmph with an effective exhaust (13) BTL3 Applying
jet velocity of 1400 m/s and propellant flow rate of 5.0
kg/s. If the heat of reaction of the propellant is 6500
kJ/kg of the propellant mixture determine, (1) the
propulsive efficiency and power, (2) engine output and
thermal efficiency and (3) Overall efficiency.
12 a) Deduce expressions for propulsive efficiency specific (5) BTL3 Applying
impulse and overall efficiency of a rocket engine.
b) A rocket has the following data: propellant flow rate (8) BTL3 Applying
5.0 kg/s, nozzle exit diameter = 10 cm; nozzle exit
pressure = 1.02 bar; ambient pressure = 1.013 bar; thrust
chamber pressure = 20 bar; thrust = 7 kN. Determine the
effective jet velocity, actual jet velocity, specific
impulse and the specific propellant consumption.
 13 a) Explain with a neat sketch the working of a turbo (7) BTL2 Understanding
pump feed system used in liquid propellant rocket.
b) The effective jet velocity from a rocket is 2700 m/s. (6) BTL5 Evaluate
The forward flight velocity is 1350 m/s and the
propellant consumption is 78.6 kg/s. Calculate: Thrust,
Thrust power and Propulsive efficiency.
14 a) What are the properties of good propellants? (7) BTL1 Remembering
b) Write short notes about Escape velocity. (6) BTL2 Understanding

PART – C (15 MARKS)

S. NO. QUESTIONS MARKS LEVEL COMPETENCE

1 Calculate the thrust, specific impulse propulsive (15) BTL4 Analyzing
efficiency, thermal and overall efficiencies of a rocket
engine from the following data:
Effective jet velocity = 1250 m/s
Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.8
Oxidizer flow rate = 3.5 kg/s
Fuel flow rate = 1 kg/s
Heat of reaction of exhaust gases = 2500 kJ/kg.
2 Draw and explain various types of burning (15) BTL2 Understanding
configuration of a solid propellant.
3 Explain briefly about the propellant feed system of a (15) BTL3 Applying
liquid propellant rocket engine with suitable schematic
sketches.
4 A rocket engine has the following data: Effective jet (15) BTL2 Understanding
velocity = 1200m/s. Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.82.
Oxidizer flow rate = 3.4 kg/s. Fuel flow rate = 1.2
kg/s. Heat of reaction per kg of the exhaust gases
=2520 kJ/kg. Calculate the following: (1). Thrust (2).
Specific impulse (3). Propulsive efficiency (4).
Thermal efficiency (5).Overall efficiency.