Mounting structure

Angle of tilt/incidence angle Sinkage

Poor Design
Design &
Pitching, array etc
resource related
Terrain effect

MPPT Loss

Mutual shading

Soiling

Module Power de-rate

Hot spots/ reverse biasing

Partial shading
Reversible Losses
Inverter derate

Ohmic wiring loss DC & AC

PID

Tracker maloperation

Array mismatch (can be reversed

through replacements)

Cell efficiency loss

Operational
Inverter clipping

Irreversible Losses LID, ETLID

ARC damage/erosion

Factors affecting PR Transformer Loss (AC)

of a Solar PV plant Parasitic load (can be design issue)

Pyronometer

Measurement related SCADA / other software

Metering

Ambient temperature

Wind flow and direction

Environmental Irradiation

Aerosol effect/scatter

Cloudy

MTTR
Manpower Maintenance quality

Measurement quality

LID/ ETLID

PID(Permanent)

Reflection

PV module degrade Scatter

Micro-cracks
Refraction

Total Int reflection

Cell efficiency loss