Unit- 2

petailed Notes 43

UNT-2
Concept offGlobalization
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness
and interdependence of
cOuntries, economies, cultures, and people around the world. It is driven by
advances in technology, transportation, and communication, which have made it
easier and faster too move goods, services, information, and people across borders.
he term globalization is used to refer to the integration of economies.
ncieties. and cultures through trade, communication, transportation, and
tachnology. It encompasses the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the
world and refers to the growing interconnectedness and
sountries and people. Globalization has led to increased economic interdependence of
growth
development, but it has also raised concerns about the negative impacts and on
workers, the environment, and cultural identity.
In short, globalization is the process by which
develop international influence or start operatingbusinesses
or other organizations
on an international scale. It is the
integration of cconomies, societies, and cultures through trade and
communication. The termn is often used to refer to economic globalization: the
integration of national economies into the international economy
foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread through trade,
of technology.
But, it also refers to the cultural and political
globalization well.
as
Concept of Culture
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs,
behaviors, and artifacts that
Characterize a group or society. It encompasses everything from language, religion,
and the arts to education, law, and politics.
generation to generation and shapes the way peopleCulture
is passed down from
think, feel, and act.
Culture broad concept that encompasses many different
is a
It
includes things such as: aspects of human life.
Art, literature, and music
Customs, traditions, and beliefs
Social noms, values, and institutions
Religion, philosophy, and spirituality
Food,clothing, and other material goods
Language and communication
Culture is not only something that people have, but it is also something that
people do. It is a way of life. It is constantly changing and evolving over time.
 Detailed Notes Unit -2
44|
Different cultures may have different customs, beliefs, and values, and this can
lead to challenges when people from different cultures interact.
both material and non
Culture is complex and multi-dimensional, it includesobjects and artifacts that
material culture. Material culture refers to the tangible
and works of art. Non-material
people create and use, such as tools, buildings,
culture, such as beliefs, values, and
qulture refers to the intangible aspects of
cCustoms.

culture is the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that
In short, language, religon
encompasses everything frorn multi-dimensional
characterize a group or society. It
and politics. It is a complex,
and the arts to education, law, and evolving.
changing
concept that is constantly
ofGlobalizationon Organizationaland
Impact
Multicultural Communication
multicultural
significant impact on organizational and
Globalization has had a
communicationin several ways. employees from different
today have
workforce: Organizations towards a common goal. This has led
(1) Diversified working together requiing effective communication
qultural backgrounds,
inreased cross-cultural interactions, misunderstandings.
to gaps and avoid
strategiesto bridge cultural technology, organizations
are now able
teams: With advancementsin
clients from different parts of the
(2) Virtual employees, partners, and This has introduced new
to work with remote work.
leading to vitual teams and language barriers, time zone
World, communication, such as
challenges for
norms.
ifferences, and cultural increased need for cultural
intelligence: Globalization has led to an the complexities of
navigate
3) Cultural employees, as they must must invest in developing
among
nteligence communication. Organizations foster effective
CTOSS-cultural their employees to
cultural intelligence among
communication andcollaboration.
diversity within organizations
Theincreased This includes
(4) InterCultural communication: intercultural communication. employees,as
has ledto the need for effective and similarities among
cultural differences communication, such as
understanding the barriers to
well as being aware of the potential
language, cultural norms, and stereotypes. globally,they
operations
(5) Global leadership: As organizations expand their of leading a diverse
require leaders who can navigate the complexities
workforce across different cultures and timezones.
petailed otes
Ünit-2 45

Organizational culture: Globalization has led to an

increased
organizationsto be sensitive to cultural differences, as well as to beneed
open forto
6)
changeandadaptability. This is important for creating a positive, Inclustve
culturethatis,ableto adapt tothe changing business environment.
Globalization has led to an
Language barriers: increased need for
(7)
organizations to communicate across different languages, which can lead to
languagebarriersand difficulties in understanding each other. Organizations
must invest in language training for employees and use translation and
interpretation,servicesto ovvercomethis challenge.
(8) Global market: Globalization has opened up new markets for organizations,
which can lead to increased competition and the need for effective cross-
cultural marketing strategies. Organizations must understand the cultural
nuances of different markets to effectively communicate their products and
services.
(9) Social media and digital communication: With the rise of social media and
digital communication, organizations can now easily communicate with
Istomers and stalkeholders globally. However, this also introduces new
challenges such as managing cultural differences in online communication
and understanding the cultural context of online communication.
10) Knowledge sharing: Globalization enables organizations to share knowledge
and expertise acroOSs borders, which can lead to increased
efficiency and
innovation. However, it also requires effective cross-cultural commnunication
to ensure that knowledge is shared and understood
correctly.
CREATIVE MEMORIZING TECHNIQUE (FINDINGN NEMO)
0) F - Flexibility: Globalization requires
organizations to be more flexible in
terms of their strategies, operations, and
different cultures and markets. communication styles to adapt to
(2) I
Internationalization: Globalization leads to an increase in
nternationalization, where organizations operate and communicate acrOSS
borders.
3) N -
Networking: Globalization
opportunities for organizations promotes networking and partnership
(4) D with diverse cultures and backgrounds.
whicDi
h versity: Globalization toleads to increased diversity in the workplace,
5) I regquires organizations be more culturallyaware andsensitive.
Intecractationion: between individuals and organizations from diferent
Communi Globalization leads to increased interaction and
cultures.
 Detailed Notes Unit.,
46|
organizations to
(6) N- Necessity: Globalization makes
cross-cultural
it necessary for
communicationskills. develop
and maintain effective individuals and organizations
to
Globalization requires
(7) G- Global mindset: to navigate
cultural differences and
mindset in order
nave a global across borders.
communicateeffectively individuals and organizations t
requires
Globalizationcommunicate acrOss bordere
effectively
(8) N - Navigating: differences and ethnocentrism. wh
navigatecultural can lead to
Globalization culture as superior to
Ethnocentrism: to view their oWn
(9) E - organizationstend
individuals and
misunderstandings .
others. can lead to busine
Misunderstanding: Globalization
differences, which can affect
M-
(10)miscommunication due to cultural
relationshipsandoperations. t
provides opportunities for organizations
scale.
Opportuníties: Globalization competitiveness ona global
(11)0 - marketsand increase
their
expandtheir
ApproachestoCulture
of studying culture. TheEmic
ways
Etic approaches are two different perspectiveofits members
Emicand from the
The understandinga culture culture from an outsider's
approachfocuses on focuses on understanding a
while the Etic approach
perspective. studying the
view of a culture. It involves
The Emic approach is
an "insider's
who belong to it, using their own
perspective of the people approach is
culture from the categories to understand it. The goal of the Emic culture.
concepts, belilefs, and culture's members see and experience their own
tounderstand how the other social
used in ethnography, anthropology, and
This approach is often
sciences.
"outsider's view" of a culture. It involves studying
an tiät
The Etic approach isperspective, using concepts, beliefs, and categories
culture from an external studied. The goal of the Etic approach is
culture being
are not specific to the objectively, without the influence of the culture's oW
sociolog
understand the culture crOSS-Cultural psychology.
perspective. This approach is oftern used in
and other social sciences. limitations. T?
the Emic and Etic approaches have their strengths and
Both expen
culture's membersresearchers
provides valuable insights into how
Ermic approach limited by the objectie
and understand their oWn culture, but it can also be
a more
oWn cultural biases and assumptions. The Etic approach j provides
Detailed NotesUnit-2

culture. but it may not capture the nuances and complexities of how
ofa
view smembersexperience. and understandtheir own culture.
Culture's
Etic are two different approaches to study culture, the Emic
summnary,Emic. and
In "insider's view" that studies a culture from the perspective of its
approachis an approach is an "outsider's view" that studies a culture
members, while the Etic
external perspective, using concepts, beliefs, and categories that are not
froman
specificto the culture being studied. Both approaches have their own strengths
and are used in different fields of study.
andlimitations
The EmicApproach
phe emnic approach is an "insider's view" of a culture, which focuses on
understanding a culture from the perspective of its members. It involves studying
the culture using the concepts, beliefs, and categories that are specific to the
culture being studied. The goal of the emic approach is to understand how the
ulture's memberssee and experience their own culture.
The emic approach is often used in ethnography, anthropology, and other
social sciences to study the culture in its natural setting, by spending extended
periods of time in the community, observing and participating in the daily lives of
the culture's members. This approach emphasizes the importance of
understanding the culture from the perspective of its members, by using their own
language, customs, and beliefs, to interpret their actions and behavior.
This approach also allows the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of the
culture's customs, beliefs, and values, by studying the culture's own language,
symbols, and artifacts. By using this approach, researcher can get a better
understanding of the culture's unique perspective, which can be useful for
studying the culture's behavior, social organization, and communication patterns.
The emic approach is also known as the "participant-observer" method, which
involves the researcher becoming an active participant in the culture, while also
observing and recording the culture's behavior. This approach allows the
researcher to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the culture, by
experiencing it frsthand and by being able to compare the researcher's own
Observations with the culture's members' perceptions and interpretations.
An examnple of the emic approach is an ethnographic study of a small rural
COmmunity in the Amazon rainforest, where the researcher would spend extended
periods of time living with the community, participating in their daily activities,
and learning their language and customs. By using the emic approach, the
researcher would be able to gain a deeper understanding of the culture's unique
perspective on the environment, social organization, and communication
patterns.
 Unit- 2
48 DetalledNotes
ture, which
In sumnmary, the Emic approach is an "insider's view" of a cul mermbers. It
focuses on understanding a culture from the perspective of its
studying the culture using the concepts, bellefs, and categories that are
involves Ethnography,
specific to the culture being studied. It is often used in
Anthropology. and other social sciences, and it is also known as the "participant
observer" method, which allows the researcher to gain a more comprehensive
understanding of the culture, by experiencing it firsthand.
Pointer Explanation:
The Emic approach is an "insider's view" of a culture, which focuses on
(1) members.
understanding a culture frOm the perspective of its
It involves studying the culture using the concepts,beliefs, and categories that
(2)
are specificto theculture being studied.
the Emic approach is to understand how the culture's members see
3) The goal of
and experience their own culture.
ethnography, anthropology, and other
(4) The Emicapproach is often used in
social sciences.
the importance of understanding the culture from
(5) The approach emphasizes
members, by using their own language, customs, and
the perspective of its behavior.
beliefs, to interpret their actions and
Emic approach allows the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of
(6) The values, by studying the culture's own
the culture's customs, beliefs, and
language, symbols, and artifacts.
also known as the "participant-observer" method, which
(7) The approach is participant in the culture, while
involves the researcher becoming an active
culture's behavior.
also observing and recording the
This approach allows the researcher to gain a more comprehensive
(8) able to
understanding of the culture, by experiencing it firsthand and by being
culture's members'
compare the researcher's own observations with the
perceptionsand interpretations.

The Etic Approach

The etic approach is an "outsider's view" of a culture, which focuses on
understanding a culture from an external perspective. It involves studying a
culture using concepts, beliefs, and categories that are not specific to the culture
being studied. The goal of the etic approach is to understand the culture
objectively, without the influence of the culture's own perspective.
netalledNotes
Unit-2
|49
TheeticaPproach is often used in cross-cultural psychology, sociology, and
it allows the researcher to compare and
Isciences, as
soctal contrast
different
alturesusing a comnon set of concepts, belefs, and categorles. This approach
other
emphasizesthe importance of understanding a culture in the context of other
anditis particularly useful fofor studying cross-cultural similarities and
aultures,
differences.
The eticapproachis also known as the "observer's point of view" method,
whichinvolvesthe researcherrobserving and recording the culture's behavior from
aistance, without becoming an active participant in the culture. This approach
allowsthe researcher to gain a more objective understanding of the culture, by
removingthe:researcher's own biasessand assumptions.
An example ofthe etic approach is a study comparing parenting styles across
different cultures. The researcher would use a standardized questionnaire or
interviewto gather information about parenting practices from participants in
different cultures, and then analyze the data using acommon set of concepts and
categories.
The etic aDproach can also be used in combination with the emic
approach, as
hoth approaches can provide valuable insights into a culture. While the emic
anproach provides a better understanding of how culture's members experience
and understand their OWI culture, the etic approach provides a more
view of a culture, which can be useful for studying cross-cultural objective
differences.
similarities and
In summary, the Etic approach is an "outsider's view" of a
on understanding a culture from an external culture, which focuses
perspective, using concepts, beliefs,
and categories that are not specific to the culture being studied. The
approach is to understand the culture objectively, without the goal of theof Etic
cultre's oWn perspective. The Etic approach is often used ininfluence the
PSychology, sociology, and other social sciences, and it is also known cross-cultural
OOServer's point of view" method, which allows the as the
objective researcher to gain a more
understanding
and assumptions. of the culture, by removing the researcher's own biases

Pointer Explanation:
(0) The
Etic approach is an "outsider's view" of a culture, which focuses on
understanding a culture from an external perspecive.
(2) It
notinspecific
volves tostudying
the
a culture using
concepts, beliefs, and categories that are
3) culture being studied.
The goal of the Etic approach
the is to understand the culture objectively, without
influence of the
cuture's own perspective.
 DetailedNotes Unit
s|
(4) The Etic approach is often used in cross-cultural psychology, sociology, and
other social sciences.
(5) It allows the researcher to compare and contrast different cultures using a
common set of concepts, beliefs, and categorles.
(6) This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding a culture in the
context of other cultures, and it is studying Cross-
useful for
cultural similarities and differences.particularly
(7) The Etic approach is also known as the point of view" method,
"observer's
which involves the researcher observing and recording the culture'ss behavior
from a distance, without becoming an active partiipant in the culture
(8) This approach allowsthe researcher to gain a more objective understandingoof
the culture, by removing the researcher's own biases and assumptons.
(9) The Eticapproach can be used in combination with the Emic approach, as both
approaches can provide valuable insights into a culture.
Cross Cultural Dimensionsof Business
Communication
Cross-cultural imensions of business communication refer to the ways in which
Cultural differences can affect business communication between individuals or
groups from different cultural backgrounds. These dimensions can include
differences in language, nonverbal communication, communication styles, and
cultural norms and values.
(1) Language: Language is one of the most obvious cross-cultural dimensions of
business communication. Even when two people speak the same language,
there can be variations in vocabulary, grammar, and idioms that can cause
confusion. In addition, many cultures have unique technical terms and jargon
that can be unfamiliar to people from other cultures.
(2) Nonverbal communication: Nonverbal communication, such as gestures,
facial expressions, and body language. can alsovary between cultures. For
example, in some cultures, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of respect and
attentiveness, while in other cultures it is considered ude or
aggressive.
(3) Communication styles: Different cultures have different communication
styles. such as direct or indirect communncation, which can afect how
information is conveyed and recelvea. Or examnple, in some cultures. it is
considered impolite to be too direct, while in others,
directness
is valued.
(4) Cultural norms and values: Different cultures have different expectations of
how to behave in social situations, how to address authority figures, and how
DetailedNotesUnit-2

emotions. These differences can lead to misunderstandings and

express
to ifnottaken:into account.
conflicts
Perceptionof time: Different cultures have different perceptions of time,
more relaxed attitude towards
(5) some cultures may have a punctuality and
may have a more rigorous approach.
deadlines, while others
Decision-making: Different cultures have different approaches to decision-
(6) making, Some cultures may rely on consensus, while others may rely on a
more hierarchical approach.
to effectively communicate in a cross-cultural business setting, it is
In order
important to be avware of these cultural differences and to adapt your
communication style accordingly. This can involve learning about the culture and
Customs of the people you are communicating with, as well as being willing to
icten and learn from them. It is also important to be open-minded and flexible, and
to avoid stereotypes or assumptions about people fronm other cultures.
Barriers in Cross Cultural Communication
(1) Language differences: One of the most obvious barriers in cross-cultural
communication is language. Even when two people speak the same language.
there can be variations in vocabulary, grammar, and idioms that can cause
confusion. For example, a Japanese businessman may struggle to understand
apresentation in English, even if he speaks the language fluently.
(2) Nonverbal communication: Different cultures may have unique nonverbal
communication styles, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body
language, that can be misinterpreted by people from other cultures. For
example, a smile in one culture may indicate friendliness, while in another
culture it may indicate insincerity or sarcasm.
(5) Cultural norms and values: Different cultures have different expectations of
how to behave in social situations, how to address authority figures, and how
to express emotions. For example, in a collectivistic culture, it may be
Considered impolite to be too direct or assertive, while in an individualistic
culture, directness is valued.
(4) Stereotypes and prejudices: Stereotypes and prejudices can be a significant
cross-cultural communication, as they can lead to
barrier in
misunderstandings and conflicts. For example, an American businessiman
may assume that an Arab businessman is less trustworthy or less competent
because of stereotypes about Arabs.
(5) Power distance: Dilfferent cultures have different notions of social hierarchy,
and this can affect how comnmunication is initiated and maintained. For
 DetalledNotesUnit.)
52

subordinates may be
example, in a culture with a high power distance,
a culture with a
while inindependent.
opinions,
reluctant to speak up or express dissenting assertiveand
low power distance, subordinates may be more
(6) High-context vs low-context cultures: Different cultures relydifferent
cultures have
levels of context in their communication. High-contextlow-context cultures
heavily
on nonverbal cues and contextual information, while
example, in a high-context
rely more on explicit verbal communication. For directly and instead rely
culture, a businessman may not state his intentionsculture, the businessman
on subtle nonverbal cues, while in alow/-context to confusion and
This can lead
may state his intentions explicitly.
misunderstandings if not taken into account.
different perceptions of time,
(7) Perception of time: Different cultures have
attitude towards punctuality and
sOme cultures may have a more relaxed approach. For example, an
deadlines, while others may have a more rigorous
by a Latin American businessman's
American businessman may be frustrated Americanbusinessman may see the
lack of punctuality, while the Latin
American's igidity as inflexible.
cultures have different approaches to rely decIsi0n
(8) Decision-malking: Different on a
cultures may rely on consensus, while others mnay
making Some
approach. For example, a Japanese businessmanmay be
more hierarchical businessInan's individualistic and competitive
confused by a American
decision-making approach.
styles: Different cultures may have distinct communication
(9) Communication polite vs direct, and indirect vs assertive. For
styles, such as formal vs informal,
businessman may be unconfortable with a Chinese
example, a Geman and may perceive it as evasive.
businessman's indirect communication style
expectations: Different cultures may have different expectations of
(10)Cultural setting, such as gift-giving, business card
how to behave in a business be
or dress codes. For example, a British businessman may
exchange, strict gift-giving protocol and
uncomfortable with aJapanese businessman's
excessive.
may findittoo formal and barriers such
croSS-Cultural communication can be affected by many
In summary,
nonverbal communication, cultural norms and values, stereotypes
as language,
distance, high-context vs low-context cultures,perception
and prejudices, power communication styles, and cultural
expectations. 0
of time, decision-making, cultural differences and to
it is essential to be aware of the
overcome these barriers, to be open-minded and flexible, and
accordingly, and
adapt communication styles about people from other cultures.
stereotypes or assumptions
toavoid
 -2
NotesUntt
petalled
MEMORIZING TECHNIQUE (H ARRY POTTER
TIVEI
CREA
()H. High-context vs low-context cultures: Different cultures have different
levels offcontext embeddedI in their communication and may not understand
ofthe other person's message.
e context
the
(2) A- Assumptions: Making assumptions about the beliefs, values, and
behaviors of people from different cultures can lead to
miscommunication, misunderstandings and
3) R-, Reliance on verballlanguage: Reliance on verbal language as the primary
mode of communication can be a barrier in cross-cultural communication, as
nonverbal Cues and body language can have different
cultures.
meanings across
. Pacism: Prejudice, discrimination or racism can create a barrierin cross
lhural communication and negatively impact the communication prOcess.
6Y-Yearning for familiarity: The yearning for familiarity and the tendency to
ing to one's own cultural norms and values can
create a barrier in cross
cultural communication.
(6) P-Perception: Different perceptions of time, space, and social
Create bariers in cross-cultural communication. hierarchies can
() 0-0vergeneralization: Overgeneralizing about a culture or
can create barriers in cross-cultural group of people
and misunderstandings.
communication, as it leads to stereotyping

(8) T-Technology: Different levels of

technological
Create barriers in cross-cultural communication, asdevelopment and access can
it can affect the availability
and reliability of communication channels.
(9) T - Terminology: Different languages and
terminology can create barriers in
CTOSS-cultural communication, as it can lead to misunderstandings and
miscommunication.
(10)B - Emotions: Different cultural
norms and expectations regardingemotions
and their expression can create bariers in cross-cultural communication.
(1) R-
TeateReluctance:
Reluctance to learn about or understand other cultures can
barriers in crOSS-Cultural
commnunication.
Overcomi
Communi ng
cation
Barriersin Cross Cultural
(1)
Learn about the
in culture: One of the most effective ways to overcome barriers
ross-cultural communication is to learn aboutthe culture of the people you
 Detalled Notes Unit- ,

are the culture's history,

communicating with. This Include studying
customs, and values, as well ascanlearning the language and appropriate
communication styles. For example, a business person traveling to Japan for
the first time can learn and customs, such as
and business card about Japanese
exchange protocol.
culture gift-giving
(2) Use
interpreters or
interpreters or
language is a barrier,
translation services: When effective in using
translation services can be overcoming
Communication difficulties, For examnle an Amerdcan businessman can use
an interpreter When communicating with a Chinese
little English. businessman IO SPeaks
(3) Be aware of nonverbal
communication: Being
communication can help avoid misunderstandings aware OI 10nverbal
caused Dy cultural
differences in body language, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, an
Indian businessman can be aware of the
German businessman to avoid any confusion. nonverbal communication of
(4) Use clear and direct
communication: Using clear and direct communication
can help avoid misunderstandings caused by
cultural
communication styles. For example, an Australian businessmandifferences
in
can use clear
and direct comnmunication when dealing witha Brazilian
may have a more indirect commnunication style.
businessman, who
(5) Show respect and sensitivity: Showing respect and sensitivity to cultural
differences can help to build trust and establish positive relationships. For
example, a French businessman can show respect to a Saudi Arabian
businessman by being sensitive to the cultural norms and customs regarding
dress code and physical contact.
(6) Be open-minded and flexible: Being open-minded and flexible can help to
overcome barriers in cross-cultural communication by allowing for the
possibility of different perspectives and ways of doing things. For example, a
Russian businessman can be open-minded and flexible when dealing with a
Mexican businessman, who may have a different approach to decision
making.
(7) Use active listening: Active listening can help to overcome barriers in cross
cultral communication by allowing individuals to fully understand and
appreciate the perspective of the person they are communicating with. For
example, a Chinese businessIman can use active listening when
communicating with an American businessman, who may have a different
communication style.
(8) Avoid stereotypes and prejudices: Avoiding stereotypes and prejudices cal
help to overcomne barriers in cross-cultural communication ty allowing
 Unit-2
Notes
Detailed
individuals to see
each other as unique individuals rather than as
representatives of their culture. For example, an American businessman can
stereotypes and prejudices when communicating with an Indian
avoid
businessInan, who may have a different approach to communication and
decision-making.
aware of ccultural
expectations: Being aware of cultural
(9) Be
help to overcome barriers in cross-cultural communication expectations can
by allowing
individualsto understand and respect the customs and norms of the culture
they are communicating with. For example, a German businessman can be
aware of cultural expectations when communicating with a Japanese
businesSman, who may have a different approach to gift-giving and business
card exchange.
(10) Seek feedback: Seeking feedback can help to overcome barriers in cross-
cultural communication by allowing individuals to receive feedback on their
communication style and make adjustments as needed. For example, a South
African businessman can seek feedback from a Turkish businessman after a
meeting to understand how the communication was perceived and to identify
any areas for improvement.
In summary,to overcome bariers in cross-cultural communication, one can leam
about the culture, use interpreters or translation services, be aware of nonverbal
communication, use clear and direct communication, show respect and
sensitivity, be open-minded and flexible, use active listening, avoid stereotypes
and prejudices, be aware of cultural expectations, and seek feedback. It's
important to keep in mind that effective cross-cultural communication takes time
and effort, and it's essential to be patient, empathetic and willing to adapt to
ways of communicating in order to be successful. new
CREATIVE MEMORIZING TECHNIQUE (F ORRESTGUMP)
) F-Flexibility: Being opento different cultural
n communication styles can help overcome perspectives and being flexible
barriers in cross-cultural
communication.
(4) O- Open-mindedness: Being
derstand
open-minded and willing to learn about and
other cultures can help overcome barriers in
cross-cultural
3) R-
communication.
stylesRespect:
can help Showing
respect for other cultures and their communication
overcome barrers in TOSS--cultural communication.
(4)
R-Reflect:barriers
overcome Reflecting
in
on one's oWn cultural biases and assumptions can help
cross-cultural communication.
 56 Detalled Notes Unilt-
(S) E- empathy and understanding the
Empathy: Practiing perspectives
people from other
communication.
cultures can help overcome barriers in

(6) S - Seek first to understand: Seeking to understand the

cotrhoers -cutura
perspective and culture before trying to communicate can help peTSON,
barriers in cross-cultural communication.
(7) T- Translation: Usingtranslation or interpreting services can help
overcome
barriers in ross-cultural communication.
(8) G- Gestures:
Understanding the meaning of nonverbal cues
overcome
can help overcome barriers in and
different cultures
gestures in
communication.
(9) U- Use of
appropriate language: Using appropriate and polite
CrOSS-Cultur)
avoiding idioms and jargon, and avoiding
barriers in cross-cultural sensitive topics can
communication. help laovensgrcuOagmee
(10) M- Mediation: Using a mediator Or
in ross-cultural communication. Cultural liaison can help overcomel
(11) P- Patience: Being barien
patient and allowing time for adjustments an
misunderstandings can help
communication. Overcome barriers in CrOSS-cultur
Role of Technology in Cross
(1) Virtual
Cultural Diversity
Meetings:
different cultures toTechnology has made it possible for
can incude video connect and collaborate through virtualindividuals Ths
tron
conferencing, meetings.
instant messaging, and other forms
Communication.
use video
For example, a team of engineers from of onlite
conferencing to work together on a project,different countriesof c
physical location. regardless thet
(2) Translation software: Technology has also
translation software which can help to enabled the development u
example, a customer service overcome language bamers. tu
software to communicate with arepresentative Japan can use tansa
in
(3) Social
media: customer in France.
have made it Socdal media platforms such as SFacebook, Twitter, andLinked
possible for
share information. This canindividuals from different cultures to connect
reate help to foster cross-cultural understanding
opport
different unities for
collaaboration. For example, a
project. countries can use group of students
social media platform to cocollaborate onado
 Unit-2
t
Notes
petalled
courses and training: Technology made it possible for individuals
has
different Cultures
Online
to educational resources and training
access
example, an employee in India can take an online
gpportuntiesonline. For
4)
from
intercultural communication and learn about the cultural norms
COurse
on
of his colleaguesin
Germany.
and
customsof
Augmented Reality: Virtual reality and augmented
Reality and
Virtual cross-cultural
in communication and training, as it allows
5) beused
réalítycanexperience other
cultures and environments in a more immersive
peopletoexample, a virtual tour of a mosque can be used for cultural
way. For who may not have the opportunityto travel
employees
straining for
awareness
toaMuslimcountry.

Machine Translation:
Machine Translation is another tool that can be used to
(6) barriers, allowing people to communicate with each
break down language example, a customer service
ather in real-time, regardless of language. For comnmunicate with a
representative in the US can use machine translation to
CustomerinChina,
platforms available today
( Cultural Awareness Platforms: There are various platforms
that can be used to educate people about different cultures. These
be a valuable
can
can include videos, articles, interactive quizzes, and more,
customers from
tool for employees who are working with colleagues or
different cultures.
cross-cultural
In summary, technology has played a significant role in
communication and diversity by providing various tools and platforms that can be
used to overcome barriers and foster understanding and collaboration between
individuals from different cultures.Examples include virtual meetings, translation
software, social media, online courses and training,virtual reality and augmented
reality, machine translation, and cultural awareness platforms.
CREATIVE MEMORIZING TECHNIQUE (L IO NKING)
0 L- Language translation: Technology provides tools for language translation,
which can help bridge the language barriers in cross-cultural communication.
1-nteraction: Technology enables individuals and organizations to interact
nd communicate with people from different cultures, regardless of ther
location.
(3) O- Online collaboration: Technology facilitates online collaboration and
teamwork, which can enhance cross-cultural communication and

understanding.
 Unlt-
58 petalledNotes
connecting with
networkingand cross-cultural
(4) N- Networking: promote
Technology allows for whlch
people from different easy can
cultures, information
understanding and cooperatton. easy accesstoindividuals and
and
(5) K- Knowledge sharing: Technology enables
which can help
knowledge about different cultures,
awareand
sensitive.
organizations to be more culturally: for intercultura)
platforms organizations
Technology provides and
(6) I - Intercultural training: which can help individuals
training and education,communication skills. conferencing and
develop cross-cultural like video
messaging
language, which is an
Technology and body
(7) N- Non-verbal cues: non-verbal cues
convey
platforms help to cross-cultural communication.
mportantaspectof individuals and organizations to
Technology essential for effective cTOSS--cultural
enables
(8) G- Global mindset: is
global mindset, which
have a
communication and understanding.
Business
Issues in Cross Cultural
Ethicaland Legal
Communication communication refer to th
cross-cultural business wi%
and legal issues in businesses communicate
Ethical
principles that govern how
moral and legal different cultural backgrounds.
individualsandgroupsfrom ethical responsibility to be
sensitive
sensitivity: Businesses have an individuals and groups from
() Cultural communicating with
when respectful of cultural
to cultural differences incBude being aware of and
different cultures. This can avoiding stereotypes and prejudices.
and
noms, customs, and values, responsibility to
Businesses have a legal and ethical
(2) Language barriers: from different cultures can understand and
be
ensure that individuals translation or interpretation services,
understood. This can include providing
employees in cross-cultural communication.
or training
Discrimination: Businesses have a legal and ethical responsibility to prevent
(3) workplace, including discrimination based
and address discrimination in the
policies and procedures to addres
onculture. Thiscan include implementing and taking prompt and
discrimination, providing training on these issues,
appropriate action when discrimination is reported.
responsibility to protect u
(4) Privacy: Businesses have an ethical and legal different cultures. This
privacy of personal information of individuals from informationa
include being sensitive to cultural differences in how personal
petailedNotes
Unit-2 |59
collected and used, and ensuring that personal information is protected from
unauthorized access or use.
t e treatment: Businesses have an ethical and legal responsibility to treat all
employees, customers, and other stakeholders fairly, regardless of their
uitural background. This can include implementing fair hiring and promotion
practices, providing equal access to goods and services, and avoiding
discriminatory behavior.
I6) Bthical Advertising: Businesses have an ethical responsibility to ensure that
their advertising and marketing materials are respectful and sensitive to
different cultures and avoid any stereotypes or misrepresentation
) Cultural Appropriation: Businesses have an ethical responsibility to avoid
cultural appropriation, which is the unauthorized use of elements of one
culture by members of another culture. This can include being respectful of
cultural symbols, traditions, and customs and not using them in a way that is
disrespectful or exploitative.
(8) Respectful communication: Businesses have an ethical responsibility to
communicate in a way that is respectful of the culture and customs of the
people they are communicating with. This can include being aware of and
sensitive to cultural differences in communication styles, such as direct vs
indirect communication.