Istanbul Medipol University

School of Engineering and Natural Sciences

BME 1110769 – INTRODUCTION TO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Final Exam
January 29, 2021
Duration: 110 min
Student
Name:
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Question Course Learning Outcomes
Numbers
1- 4 8
5-7 9
8-9 3
10-11 6

 There are 11 classical type problems. Students are expected to solve all of them.
 Please check and make sure your exam is complete. There should be 8 pages (including
this coversheet), with 11 problems.
 This is closed-book, closed-notes exam. You are not allowed to access your e-book,
online course presentations, course recordings, etc.
 Please make sure to name your online submission with the following information only:
FirstName_Surname_StudentNumber
(Use the underscores among the words)
Grades:

Question Question Question Question Question Question Question Question Question Question Question Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (100 pts)
(5 pts) (9 pts) (4 pts) (10 pts) (5 pts) (5 pts) (6 pts) (14 pts) (14 pts) (14 pts) (14 pts)

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Question 1 (5 pts): (Related Topics: Biomechatronics, prepared by Dr Elif Hocaoglu)

Considering the functional analogy between the components of an

electromechanical system and the main parts of human neuromuscular system,
write down the equivalents in Human Neuromuscular System in the table below.
Each answer to be written in the table is composed of a single word.

Hardware in an Members of Human Neuromuscular

Electromechanical System System
1- Motor 1-
2- Links 2-
3- Sensors 3-
4- Cables 4-
5- Microcontroller 5-

Question 2 (9 pts): (Related Topics: Biomechatronics, prepared by Dr Elif Hocaoglu)

(a) (3pts) What is the meaning of the Electromyography (EMG) signal?

Explain one or two sentences.

(b) (3pts) Which factors are affecting the quality of the EMG signal? Write
down at least four reasons succinctly to get full credit.

(c) (3pts) Consider that EMG signals of an athlete are simultaneously

measured while he is exercising with a dumbbell. If the figure below represents
the EMG signals measured from Triceps muscles placed under the upper arm,
how do you associate the EMG signals in the confined region in (a) and (b) with
the muscular and physical activity of the man?

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Question 3 (4 pts): (Related Topics: Biomechatronics, prepared by Dr Elif Hocaoglu)

(a) (2pts) Write down 4 different types of actuator.

(b) (2pts) Considering a heavy payload that needs to be lifted up by a

manipulator, what kind of actuator should be preferred in the design of the
manipulator?

Question 4 (10 pts): (Related Topics: Biomechatronics, prepared by Dr Elif Hocaoglu)

(a) (3pts) Draw a 3 DoF Serial Manipulator Robot schematically.

(b) (4pts) Represent the basic structures of the robot on your drawing in
part (a).

(c) (1pt) What is the total number of links of the robot you draw in part (a)?

(d) (2pts) Give 4 tasks that such a robot in part (a) can perform.

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Question 5 (5 pts): (Related Topic: Biomedical Optics and Lasers, prepared by Dr
Muhammet Fatih Toy)

What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave oscillating at the frequency

of 600THz in vacuum? Name the band it falls into (Ultraviolet, visible, infrared,
etc.).

Question 6 (5 pts): (Related Topic: Biomedical Optics and Lasers, prepared by Dr

Muhammet Fatih Toy)

How does a photoplethysmography (pulse oximeter) device work? Explain by

your own words. Why there exist two different LED sources at different
wavelengths? What is the purpose of them?

Question7 (6 pts): (Related Topic: Biomedical Optics and Lasers, prepared by Dr

Muhammet Fatih Toy)

What are the names of the three different kind of therapeutic uses of light-based
methods? Explain each one with two or three sentences. What are their
differences, advantages, or specific uses?

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Question 8 (14 pts): (Related Topic: Biochemical Reactions and Enzyme Kinetics,
prepared by Dr Ozge Sensoy)

Please explain what does “protein folding problem” refer to? Please also
explain its relatedness to treatment of diseases.

Question 9 (14 pts): (Related Topic: Biochemical Reactions and Enzyme Kinetics,
prepared by Dr Ozge Sensoy)

Please explain how do “molecular docking” and “molecular dynamics

simulations” contribute to drug discovery studies? If it helps you can explain it
through an example.

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Question 10 (14 pts): (Related Topic: Biomedical Sensors, prepared by Dr Hasan Kurt)

Aptamers show great potential for recognition of small molecules such as

cocaine, caffeine etc. Although aptamers can exhibit considerably high binding
affinity to their target molecules and obtain significant low limit of detection
values for biosensing, high binding affinity can lower the dynamic range of
biosensing leading to severely limited concentration ranges for biosensing.
Below, wild-type cocaine aptamer is utilized as a parent aptamer and three
variants of the parent aptamer to regulate the binding affinity. For this study, 3’-
and 5’ ends of ssDNA aptamers were chemically functionalized with FAM
fluorophore and BHQ quencher. As the aptamers bind the cocaine molecules,
they form there double stranded hybridization arm capturing the cocaine
molecule in two G-C and one A-T pocket. Increasing cocaine concentration
leads to decrease the number of unbound aptamers thus results in depleted
fluorescence signal.

Considering the figures above for four aptamers, please assess their usage in
biosensor format in terms of the “limit of detection”, “dynamic range” and
“sensitivity” .

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Question 11 (14 pts): (Related Topic: Biomedical Sensors, prepared by Dr Hasan Kurt)

Please identify the class of each enzyme below. Please justify your answer
briefly.
a. Alanine …….ase (2 pts)

Justification:

b. Sucrase (3 pts)

Justification:

c. Lactate …….ase (3 pts)

Justification:

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d. Isocitrate …….ase (2 pts)

Justification:

e. Alanine ……..ase (2 pts)

Justification:

f. Argininsuccinate ……….ase (2 pts)

Justification: