‭Titration:‬

‭ACID-BASE‬
‭Neutralization‬
‭By Samuel M. & Mackenzie C.‬
‭Introduction:‬
‭The purpose of this lab is to determine the unknown concentration of a basic solution (NaOH) by neutralizing it with an‬
‭acid (HCl) solution using titration techniques. This lab asks to find the unknown concentration of a basic solution using a‬
‭pipette, (HCl), (NaOH), and two indicators: phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue. It is hypothesized that when an‬
‭unknown concentration of (NaOH) is titrated with a known standardized (HCl) solution, one can gather enough data to‬
‭determine the unknown concentration of basic solution (NaOH).‬

‭Materials:‬
-‭ 50mL burette‬
‭- Burette stand‬
‭- 125mL Erlenmeyer flask‬
‭- Funnel‬
‭- 10mL Pipette‬
‭- Pipette bulb‬
‭- Small beaker‬
‭- Phenolphthalein indicator (turning point: ~7)‬
‭- Bromothymol blue indicator (turning point: ~7)‬
‭- 1.0M hydrochloric acid (HCl)‬
‭- Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) of an unknown concentration‬

‭Procedure:‬
1‭ . Rinse burette with a small amount of distilled water, and then close the valve. 2. Rinse the burette‬
‭again, this time with a small quantity of HCl acid.‬
‭3. Fill the burette with 1.0M solution of HCl.‬
‭4. Place 20mL of NaOH into a small beaker.‬
‭5. Using the pipette and the bulb, transfer 10mL of NaOH from the small beaker into the Erlenmeyer flask.‬
6‭ . Place 3 drops of phenolphthalein into the Erlenmeyer flask.‬
‭7. Move the Erlenmeyer flask containing NaOH to the burette containing HCl. 8. SLOWLY add the acid to the base,‬
‭swirling the base as you go to ensure proper reaction. 9. Slow down your addition as the pink color fades.‬
‭10. When there is a FAINT pink color and one more drop of acid will turn it clear, you have reached the END of your‬
‭titration. Be very careful once you have reached this point, so that you do not turn the base acidic instead of‬
‭neutral.‬
‭11. Write down the volume of acid needed to neutralize the base.‬
‭12. Repeat the titration a second time.‬
‭13. Repeat the titration two more times, using the bromothymol blue indicator instead.‬
‭Set-Up Diagram:‬‭Observations‬‭:‬
‭Analysis:‬

‭1. Average volume of acid used:‬

‭(7 + 7.2 + 7.3 + 7)/4 = 7.125‬
‭7.125 = Va‬

‭2. Concentration of base (NaOH):‬

‭Ca x Va = Cb x Vb‬
‭(1 mol/L x 7.125mL) = (Cb x 10mL)‬
‭7.125 = Cb x 10mL‬
‭7.125/10 = Cb x 10/10‬
‭0.7125 = Cb‬

‭Conclusion:‬

‭ tration is a technique where a solution of a known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown‬
Ti
‭solution. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the unknown concentration of the basic solution (NaOH) with‬
‭the use of known concentration of acid solution (HCl).‬

I‭ n this lab, titration was used to determine the concentration of an NaOH solution. The titration was done twice using a‬
‭phenolphthalein indicator and a bromothymol blue indicator.‬

F‭ or each indicator their turning points are roughly 7, and a turning point is observed once the indicator changes colors.‬
‭Therefore, when phenolphthalein turned from pink to clear and bromothymol blue from blue to green/yellow is when the‬
‭neutralization occurred. The calculations using the formula ( Ca x Va/ Cb x Vb) revealed that the unknown concentration‬
‭of the basic solution was 0.7125 mol/L. It was found that the acid was more concentrated than the base due to the fact that‬
‭it has a greater molarity ( 1 mol/L) than the basic solution (0.7125 mol/L).‬

‭ n error with the lab itself is that the bulbs were often faulty, not sucking up as much liquid as needed to. This wasted time,‬
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‭causing the rest of the experiment to be slightly rushed, which could have led to the human error of bad speed regulation of‬
‭the acid. This human error, caused by an error with the lab itself, occurred because it was difficult to regulate the speed of‬
‭which the acid dropped into the base. This caused the turning point to be exceeded a few times.‬