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Monogonopora, in which a single orifice serves for both male and
female organs, may be taken the common garden snail (Helix
aspersa), the accompanying figure of which is drawn from two
specimens found in the act of union (Fig. 53).
Fig. 53.—Genitalia of Helix aspersa Müller,
drawn from two individuals in the act of
union, from a dissection by F. B. Stead.
A.G, albumen gland.
C, coecum.
Cr, crop.
D.S, dart sac.
E, eye (retracted).
Fl, flagellum.
H.D, hermaphrodite duct.
H.DF, ditto, female portion.
H.DM, ditto, male portion.
H.G, hermaphrodite gland.
L, liver.
M.G, M.G, mucous glands.
Ov, oviduct.
P.S, penis sac.
R.M, retractor muscle of penis.
Sp, spermatheca.
V, vagina.
V.D, vas deferens.
The following works will be found useful for further study of this
portion of the subject:—
F. M. Balfour, Comparative Embryology, vol. i. pp. 186–241.
F. Blochmann, Ueber die Entwickelung von Neritina fluviatilis Müll.:
Zeit. wiss. Zool. xxxvi. (1881), pp. 125–174.
L. Boutan, Recherches sur l’anatomie et le développement de la
Fissurelle: Arch. Zool. exp. gén. (2) iii. suppl. (1885), 173 pp.
W. K. Brooks, The development of the Squid (Loligo Pealii Les.):
Anniv. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1880.
„ „ The development of the oyster: Studies Biol. Lab.
Johns Hopk. Univ. i. (1880), 80 pp.
R. von Erlanger, Zur Entwickelung von Paludina vivipara: Morph.
Jahrb. xvii. (1891), pp. 337–379, 636–680.
„ „ Zur Entwickelung von Bythinia tentaculata: Mitth. Zool.
Stat. Neap, x. (1892), pp. 376–406.
H. Fol, Sur le développement des Ptéropodes: Arch. Zool. exp.
gén. iv. (1875), pp. 1–214.
„ Etudes sur le développement des Mollusques.
Hétéropodes: ibid v. (1876), pp. 105–158.
„ Etudes sur le développement des Gastéropodes pulmonés:
ibid. viii. (1880), pp. 103–232.
H. Grenacher, Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Cephalopoden:
Zeit. wiss. Zool. xxiv. (1874), pp. 419–498.
B. Hatschek, Ueber Entwickelungsgeschichte von Teredo: Arb.
Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, iii. (1881), pp. 1–44.
R. Horst, On the development of the European oyster: Quart.
Journ. Micr. Sc. xxii. (1882), pp. 339–346.
E. Korschelt and K. Heider, Lehrbuch der vergleichenden
Entwickelungsgeschichte der wirbellosen Thiere, Heft iii. (1893), pp.
909–1177 (the work is in process of translation into English).
A. Kowalewsky, Embryogénie du Chiton polii avec quelques
remarques sur le développement des autres Chitons: Ann. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Mars. Zool. i. (1883), v.
E. Ray Lankester, Contributions to the developmental history of
the Mollusca: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. vol. 165 (1875), pp. 1–31.
„ „ Observations on the development of the pond-snail
(Lymnaeus stagnalis), and on the early stages of other Mollusca:
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc. xiv. (1874), pp. 365–391.
„ „ Observations on the development of the Cephalopoda:
ibid. xv. (1875), pp. 37–47.
W. Patten, The embryology of Patella: Arb. Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien,
vi. (1886), pp. 149–174.
M. Salensky, Études sur le développement du Vermet: Arch. Biol.
vi. (1885), pp. 655–759.
L. Vialleton, Recherches sur les premières phases du
développement de la Seiche (Sepia officinalis): Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool. (7)
vi. (1888), pp. 165–280.
S. Watase, Observations on the development of Cephalopods:
Stud. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopk. Univ. iv. (1888), pp. 163–183.
„ „ Studies on Cephalopods: Journ. Morph. iv. (1891), pp.
247–294.
E. Ziegler, Die Entwickelung von Cyclas cornea Lam.: Zeit. wiss.
Zool. xli. (1885), pp. 525–569.
CHAPTER VI
RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION—THE MANTLE