Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Exhaust System
Overview
Booster:
Any GTL model diesel engine is turbocharging intercooling type, and engine equips ex-
haust-gas turbocharger. Engine produces power from the fuel combustion in cylinder. The
13
fuel quantity input is limited by the air quantity inhaled into the cylinder, and the power pro-
duced is thus also limited. With the operating conditions of the engine in optimum state,
further increase of output power only can be achieved by compressing more air into the
cylinder to increase the fuel quantity to improve combustion power capacity. Under present
technical condition, turbocharger is the only mechanical device which can increase output
power without changing engine operating efficiency.
The greatest advantage of the turbocharger is to increase extensively the engine power
and torque without increasing engine displacement. Generally speaking, with turbocharger
incorporated in the engine the power and torque will increase by 20 - 30%. But the short-
coming of turbocharger is lagging, that is the slow response to a sudden change of the
throttle due to impeller inertia. It may extend the lagging of the engine or drop of output
power. For the vehicle which is going to make a sudden acceleration or overtake, there
may be a feeling of weak with power.
Exhaust-gas turbocharger consists of pump wheel and turbine, and also some other con-
trol elements. Pump wheel and the turbine are connected by the same one axle, that is
the rotor. The exhaust gas discharged by the engine drives the pump wheel, and the pump
wheel turns the turbine, and the turbine turns to pressurize the air intake system. The
booster is installed on the exhaust side of the engine, so the booster tends to have high
temperature. While the booster is working, the rotational speed of the rotor may get as
high as hundreds and thousands of turn per minute and it is unable for the conventional
mechanical needle or ball bearing to work for the rotor in such high rotational speed and
temperature, therefore turbocharger commonly uses full-floating bearings and is lubricated
with engine oil and the booster is cooler by coolant.
Booster intercooler
High temperature will not only influence charge efficiency but easy to cause detonation.
Therefore, a device is needed to lower the intake air temperature, and that is the intercool-
er. It is installed between the turbocharger discharge port and the air inlet pipe to cool the
air into the cylinder. Intercooler acts as a radiator and cools with wind or water and dispels
the heat into the atmosphere after cooling. It is verified that good intercooler is capable of
not only maintaining certain compressing ratio without detonation, in the meantime, de-
creasing temperature may increase air intake pressure and further improve the effective
power of the engine. This vehicle model adopts air-air cooling, the resistance of the inter-
cooler should be lower than 5kPa (at rated conditions).
Exhaust treating unit
Use proper DEF solvent, 32.5% urea water solution satisfying ISO022241 standard, non-
toxic, pollution-free, inexplosive, nonflammable, transparent liquid with slight ammonia
smell. Leaked urea will turn into white uremic frost due to water evaporation. It tends to
freeze at -11°C to prevent catalyst from contamination. The catalyst is made into honey-
comb structure from ceramic material. Fuel, engine oil and coolant may produce pollu-
tion, and pollution may lead to reduced efficiency of the catalyst. Replace oil-air separator
13-2 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System
regularly. The function of the oil-air separator is to prevent the engine oil in compressed air
from getting into the system. The replacing interval of filter element of the oil-air separator
is 60,000km.
The cleanliness requirement to exhaust treatment system, a filter device is incorporated in
the system to avoid foreign objects and impurities from influencing system performance,
yet special attentions are to be paid to system cleanliness. DEF solvent and its pipeline
should be isolated from external contaminant. Do not disconnect connectors randomly, or
13
foreign matters will bypass the filter device and harm the system directly. If the disconnec-
tion is a must-be, clean the connections and its adjacent area then disconnect, protect the
joints properly, like applying dust-cover to avoid foreign matters into pipeline or DEF me-
tering pump. Maintain cleanliness to DEF refilling port, refilling device (like funnel) and its
adjacent area, or the dirt and other impurities may get into the DEF solvent tank at DEF re-
filling resulting in air filter clogging, aging, and DEF solvent contamination and other prob-
lems.
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System 13-3
Cautions
Turbocharger is constantly in high speed and high temperature state, the maximum ex-
haust temperature at the exhaust turbine end of the booster is about 600°C, and the rota-
tional speed of the booster rotor is 7000-100000 r/min, in order to ensure the normal op-
eration of the booster, the following must be observed:
1. Wait a while before hitting the road
13
• After engine starting, especially in winter, let it run at idle speed for a little time
so the bearing will get sufficient lubrication before the booster rotor gets into high
speed running. So, do not apply sudden and great power right after start to pre-
vent booster oil seal from damage. Run at idle (about 5 min. or shorter after tem-
porary shutdown of the engine) after start then apply load.
2. Do not make instant cutoff.
• If the engine has been running for a long time at high speed, it can not be stopped
immediately. During engine running, part of the engine oil is supplied to the rotor
bearing of the turbocharger for lubrication and cooling. In case the engine is cutoff
abruptly, oil pressure drop to zero very fast, and the turbocharger is in the state
of very high temperature, the heat in the bearing support case cannot be carried
away immediately in the meantime the booster rotor is still spinning at high speed
under the inertia. If the engine is cutoff at this situation, it will result in overheat of
the trapped engine oil inside the booster and damage the bearing and the shaft.
After running at high load and long time, let the engine run at idle for 3-5min be-
fore cutoff to decelerate the booster rotor to cool down. Especially avoid stepping
hard on the throttle and misfire right after.
3. Keep clean
• Keep clean of the booster during removal, each pipe joint is required to be
plugged with clean cloth to avoid impurities into booster and damage the rotor. Do
not clash and damage impeller during maintenance. Remove the cloth plugged to
pipe joints after completion of reinstallation.
4. Parts cleaning
• As booster is always working under high temperature that makes the lubrication oil
pipe constantly suffer from high temperature as well, it may result in carbonization
of internal oil and cause damages to booster bearing due to insufficient lubrication.
Therefore, cleaning of the lubrication oil pipe is necessary after a certain period of
operation of the part.
5. Observe the operation of the booster frequently
• Check connections of each air passage before driving and after driving, avoid
looseness and disconnection causing booster failure and air cutting out to cylinder.
Ensure good sealing of booster pipeline system and its parts to ensure the heat
dissipation capability.
6. With the key switch at “OFF” position, the system enters into discharge stage.
At this stage continuous ejecting compressed air will flow through spray nozzle
and pump.
7. Air will carry away any residual DEF solvent from the system, or the solvent
drops may frost and clog metering pump valve and DEF solvent spray nozzle.
13-4 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System
This stage will last for 60 seconds then shutdown automatically by the system
itself. Discharge is performed after each engine flameout. It is strictly prohibited
to cutoff the complete vehicle power within 60 seconds after engine flameout,
such as pulling off battery wire, cutoff the main power.
13
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System 13-5
Component drawing
Exhaust pipe
10 13
10 9
4
8
6
8
9
11
7 1 2
3
14
10 15
5 10
9
12 8
16
17 10
9
13
8
13
7 7
fhwx130001
13-6 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System
17
26 22 31
27
36
17
25 20
24 19
30
13 21
23 20
18
35
28
28
38
34
29
29
32
39
33
fhwx130002
Turbocharger
17
26 22 31
27
36
17
25 20
13 24 19
30
21
23 20
18
35
28
28
38
34
29
29
32
39
33
fhwx130002
8 Tie 17 Hose
9 Male elbow
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System 13-9
Intercooler
4 4
5
4
5
4
13
6
7
3
fhwx130005
5 Connection hose
13-10 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust System
4 14 15
5
13 1
11
6
13 13 20
19
21
10
18 9
17
16 7
3 25 22
24
23
2
12
fhwx130003
Handling method:
1. Check the air intake straight hose wall for engine oil, flatten, resistance airflow
or air filter clogging.
2. In case engine oil exists in hose port and hose wall, clean or replace air filter.
Sound of metal friction
Exhaust Pipe
Overhaul
△ Hint:
Component drawing, see Chapter 13 Exhaust, Turbocharging - Exhaust System, compo-
nent drawing
13
1. Remove the sensor connector of the ex-
haust post treating unit assembly
1
(a) Remove temperature sensor (1).
2
(b) Remove the upper connectors (2) of the nitro-
gen oxide detection module.
2
1
fhwx130006
fhwx130007
fhwx130008
13-14 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Pipe
13
fhwx130009
fhwx130010
fhwx130011
fhwx130012
13
fhwx130012
fhwx130011
fhwx130010
fhwx130009
13-16 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Pipe
fhwx130008
(c) Install the fixing bolt to the air inlet end clamp
of the exhaust post treating unit.
Torque: 45+10N•m
fhwx130007
Turbocharger
Overhaul
△ Hint:
Component drawing, see Chapter 13 Exhaust, Turbocharging - Exhaust System, compo-
nent drawing
13
1. Remove exhaust pipe, refer to Chapter 13 Exhaust, Turbocharging - Exhaust
Pipe, Overhaul
2. Remove turbocharger
(a) Remove the vacuum tube of the turbocharger
vacuum valve.
fhwx130013
fhwx130014
fhwx130015
fhwx130016
13-18 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Turbocharger
13
fhwx130017
fhwx130017
fhwx130016
fhwx130015
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Turbocharger 13-19
13
fhwx130014
fhwx130013
Intercooler
Overhaul
1. Remove condenser, refer to Chapter 51 Warm Air and Air Conditioner - Condens-
er, Overhaul
2. Remove auxiliary water tank assembly, refer Chapter 14 Cooling- Auxiliary Water
13 Tank, Overhaul
3. Remove intercooler
(a) Remove the fastening bolt to intercooler air in-
let pipe clamp.
fhwx130018
1
(c) Remove oil dipstick fixing bolts (2).
fhwx130019
fhwx140019
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Intercooler 13-21
13
fhwx130020
fhwx140020
fhwx130021
fhwx130021
13-22 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Intercooler
13
fhwx140020
fhwx130020
fhwx140019
fhwx130018
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Intercooler 13-23
1
Torque: 9N•m
(g) Install oil dipstick fixing bolts (2).
Torque: 23±2N•m
13
fhwx130019
6. Install condenser, refer to Chapter 51 Warm Air and Air Conditioner - Condenser,
Overhaul
7. Install auxiliary water tank assembly, refer Chapter 14 Cooling- Auxiliary Water
Tank, Overhaul
13-24 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit
fhwx130022
fhwx130023
fhwx130024
fhwx130025
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit 13-25
13
fhwx130026
fhwx130027
fhwx130027
(b) Install the water drain bolt of the urea tank as-
sembly.
fhwx130026
13-26 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit
13
fhwx130028
fhwx130024
fhwx130023
(g) Insert the key and lock the urea tank cover.
fhwx130029
fhwx130030
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit 13-27
13
fhwx130031
fhwx130032
fhwx130032
13-28 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit
13
fhwx130031
fhwx130030
2
fhwx130033
Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit 13-29
13
fhwx130034
10. Check urea pump assembly for normal operation, all pipe joints are free of dam-
ages
11. Install urea pump assembly
(a) Install urea pump assembly fixing bolt.
fhwx130034
2
fhwx130033
13-30 Exhaust and Turbocharging (Euro IV) - Exhaust Treating Unit
13
fhwx130035
fhwx130036
fhwx130036
(b) Install the air filter air inlet and outlet pipes.
△ Hint:
Use an oil pipe wrench.
fhwx130035