PIPRAMS

LESSON PLAN ON
TOPIC: CONTRACEPTION
SUBJECT: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

SUBMITTED TO :-Mrs shabeena bernard (associate proff )

SUBMITTED BY:- Miss.Vaishali singh

SUBMITTED ON:- 22.nov. 2023

 IDENTIFICATION DATA:
 NAME OF THE TEACHER:vaishali singh
 NAME OF THE SUBJECT: community health nursing
 NAME OF THE TOPIC:Contraception
 GROUP OF THE STUDENTS:MSC nursing 1st yr
 SIZE OF THE GROUP:39
 DATE AND TIME OF PRESENTATION:20/11/23, 3:00pm-4: 00pm
 VENUE/PLACE OF PRESENTATION:classroom
 DURATION OF TEACHING:3hour
 AVAIDS:slide preparation
 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE TOPIC:I will already have knowledge regarding topic
CONTRACEPTION.
 GENERAL OBJECTIVES:At the end of the presentation student will be able to gain
knowledge regarding CONTRACEPTION.

 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:At the end of seminar the group will be able to:-
• to introduce about the contraception.
• to define the term contraception.
• to write down the needs of contraception.
• to enlist down the needs of contraception.
• to illustrate the methods of contraception .
S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
1. 5min. Self INTRODUCTION
introduction Good morning respected ma'am &
INTRODUCTION my dear friends.Todays,I am
Birth control also known as student teacher & my topic is
contraception anti conception "CONCEPTION".i used some flow
and fertility control is the use ofcharts,charts for more
methods or devices to prevent
and unintended pregnancy.
2. 10min to introduce Birth control has been used since
about the ancient times but effective and Verbally What is the
contraception. safe methods of birth control introductive
only became available in the 20’s part of
century. conception?

DEFINTION
Contraception = against
conception
The preventive methods to help
women avoid unwanted
 pregnancies are called
contraceptive methods.
3. 5min. to define the Lecture cum discussion What is the
term definition of
contraception. contraception?
S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE AVAIDs

4. 10 min to write down NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION Lecture cum discussion Explain the
the needs of  To avoid unwanted needs for
Contraception. pregnancies contraception.
 Prevent pregnancy
related health risk for
women, specially for
adolescent girls
 To control the growth and
population
 Family planning that
controls the size of the
family requires the use of
contraceptive method
 To regulate the interval
between pregnancy
 Some contraceptive
methods also prevent the
spread of sexually
transmitted diseases.
S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
5min to enlist down IDEAL CONTRACEPTION
5. the ideals of  Inexpensive Lecture cum discussion What are the
Contraception.  Highly effective ideals of
 No side effect Contraception?
 Easy and simple to use
 With no or least side
effects
 Easily reversible
 Easily available
 Does not interfere with
sexual drive
 Can be administered by
non health care personnel

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

 OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
5. 2hr. to illustrate METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION Lecture cum discussion
the methods Ellaborate the
of methods of
Contraception Contraception.

TEMPORARY CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD

1.Natural contraceptive method

Natural family planning method
Do not interfere the health of
the person and these do not
have any kind of side effect

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

 OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
There are mainly three types of
natural method

1.Abstinence
2.coitus interrupts/withdrawal
method
3.lactational amenorrhea
method

ABSTINENCE
Abstinence means do not having
any kind of sex and not
engaging in any kind of activities
that put you or your partner in
contact with either body fluids
such as semen vaginal fluid.

COITUS INTERRUPTS OR
WITHDRAWAL METHOD :
Coitus interrupts involved the
withdrawal of penis from the
vagina just before ejaculation.

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

 OBJECTIVE AVAIDs

LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA:
IT is a contraceptive method for
the breast feeding women
breast feeding supress
ovulation. This method can be
used by women who is breast
feeding her baby day and night.

BI0LOGICAL METHOD :-
IT is well known that pregnancy
is possible only in the creation
period of a menstrual cycle and
therefore it is better to avoid
sexual contact during the period
the women is fertile only 100 to
120 hours a month. This period
is known as window fertility
period
avoiding sexual intimacy during
this period pregnancy can be
avoided.

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

 OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
To determine window of
fertility several methods are
used such as :
1.Calender method
2.Temperature method
3.Mucus and cervical change
method

CALENDER METHOD:
IN this method women has to
make a record of her period for
6 month

2.each month the no of days

between the starting of on
period and next one recorded
for the last six month

3. the longest and shortest

recorded between the periods

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

 OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
4.for the shortest interval
subtract 18 days And for longest
period interval subtract 11 days
for ex. A women who has
recorded 28 days as a shortest
interval and 30 days as the
longest interval between the
periods. So her periods of
ovulation will be calculated by
 For shorted interval
subtract ,28-80=10 days
 For longest interval
subtract 30-11=19 days.

5. So the phase of ovulation will

be tenth to 19th from the day of
periods (unsafe).

6.so the first safe period will be

first to nine days and second
safe period will be 20 to 30 day

S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY/ EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE AVAIDs
TEMPERATURE METHOD
 This method helps to
women to know when
they are ovulating simply
by the checking the
temperature in every
morning.
 In this method the
women has to take
temperature every
morning after waking
from at least five hours of
undisturbed sleep and
before getting out of bed.
The same thermometer is
used in same time.
 A record of temperature
is kept and three
successive higher average
temperature are
identified which shows
that ovulation has
occurred .
 For most people ,96-98
degrees Fahrenheit is
 their typical temperature
before ovulation after
ovulation it goes on to 97-
99 f .
 Some basal thermometers
are used in your mouth
and others are used in
your rectum .Rectal
thermometers are usually
more accurate.

C. MUCUS AND CERVICAL

CHANGE METHOD
• The colour (white,yellow)
consistency (thick,stick)& feel
( dry ,wet) of cervical mucus can
help in determining the safe and
unsafe days to have sex.
• Examine your discharge & if
to be white ,stretchy or wet of
indicates your ovulation
phase.During this phase sex
should be avoided.Effectivness
%75% & less.
3 .CHEMICAL METHODS

• Chemical methods have

spermicidal effect .( Kills the
sperms inside the vagina)
spermicides work by killing
sperms & making sperm unable
to move towards the egg.
• NONOXINOL -9 is the
commonest spermicides which
is used in these products.
• The spermicides are effective
for about 45-60 min.These are
put into the vagina before
intercourse .
• The main types of chemical
methods used are as follows -
A. Foams
B. Vaginal tablets
C. Gel,jellies, creams
D. Films

A. FOAMS
 These are in aerosol form
which are used immediately
before sex and are inserted into
the vagina with a special
syringe.

e.g.DELFEN syringe

B. VAGINAL TABLETS
These are also known as
PESSARIES these are inserted
into the vagina.
e.g.DOUBLE
CHECK,ORTHOFORME.

C. GELS JELLIES &CREAMS

These are mainly used for
spreading into contraceptive
caps before insertion.
e.g. DUREX DURAGEL
GYNOL-II
ORTHO CREAM

D. VCF
It's small square of clear film
that is placed in vagina.
 • Once it inside the vagina VCF
turns into a gel
• The gel contain a spermicide
called nonoxynol-9 & it's help to
kill the sperm & it's avoid the
pregnancy.

4.MECHANICAL METHOD
It's prevent sperm & egg from
meeting to each other .
• These devices can be
inserted into the vagina to
prevent ejaculated sperm from
passing through the cervix &
entering the womb.

A.BARRIERS METHOD
These are objects or medicine
that blocks the sperms and helps
to prevent the spread of STDs.
• There are many kinds of barrier
methods-
1.CONDOM
a. Male condoms
Most common barrier method
of contraception.They are made
of latex, polyurethane,lamb skin.
• They may be coated with the
silicone,water based gel,
spermicides.
• Condoms fit over the men's
penis & block the semen from
getting into the vagina and
prevents the sperm from
meeting the egg.
• can be used with other birth
control methods to increase
effectiveness.
• Helps to reduce the spread of
STDs.

b.Female Condoms -
• These are thin polyurethane
shaped like a sock with flexible
rings at each end.
 • One ring is inserted all the way
up into the top of the vagina &
the other ring sits outside the
opening of the vagina.
• It's placed inside the vagina 8
hrs.before the sex .It should not
be used with the male condom.
• It's also prevents the spread of
STDs.

2. DIAPHRAGM
• It's a soft latex rubber dome
shaped,that covers cervix & help
to prevent sperm from reaching
in cervix.
• It is a spermicide which is used
to coat inside & outer edge of
this dome shaped silicon or latex
cup with the flexible rim.
• It is inserted into back or the
vagina so that it covers cervix
where it blocks sperms .
• It can use 6hrs.before sex &
can stay there for 24hrs.
3. FEM CAP
•Also known as cervical cap.
• It's small rubber cap that
covers cervix & block sperm from
entering cervix.
• Women's inserted into the
back of her vagina so that it
covers the cervix where it blocks
sperms.
• Put a tsp of spermicide in cap
& slide it into the vagina.
• Protects for 42hrs ,needs to
stay in at least 6 hrs after sex .
• Doctor/ clinics visit needed
prescription & fitting.
• Perfect effectiveness
rate=91%.
• Typical effectiveness rate
=80%

4.LEA'S SHIELD -
• It is an oval shaped made up of
silicon rubber.
• A spermicide is used to coat inside of
devices.
• Then it inserted into the back of her
vagina so that cervix where it blocks
sperms.
•It can be worn for up to 48hrs.

5. SPONGES -
• Small ,soft foam sponge is inserted
into vagina to cover cervix.
• Must be moistened with water before
inserted into vagina to activate the
spermicide that kills sperm.
• Helps to prevent the sperm from
reacting the cervix.
• Can be used with condoms to increase
protection against pregnancy & STIs.

B.IUDs -
•stands for intra uterine devices
• It's small ' T ' shaped device placed
into the women's uterus to prevent the
pregnancy.
• IUDs are medicated & non - medicated
devices which provides its contraceptive
action in the uterine action in the uterine
cavity continuously for a prolonged period
of time ( lasts 5 years).
• Releases synthetic progestin hormone
that changes cervical mucus, fallopian
tube & uterine linning.Stops or slow
sperm & egg.
• Insertion can cause a few minutes of
pain a few minutes pain,but removal is
fast & easy .
• Clinic/ Doctor visit needed for insertion
& removal.
• Effectiveness=99.8%.

TYPES OF IUDs
• These are mainly 2types of IUDs -
a. Non- medicated
b. Medicated

a.Non- medicated
• These are made of polyeyhylene or polymers &
are referred as 1st GENERATION IUDs.
• It's inert IUDs made up of plastic or stational steel
( CHINEESE RING).
• these come in different size and shape.
• These are:-
Lipes loop
Spirals
Coils
Rings
Bows

b. Medicated
• Medicated or the bioactive IUDs release the metal ions
as in COPPER and hormones such as PROGESTERONE.
• Depending upon this medicated types of IUDs are of
two types -
[ i ] SECOND GENERATION
• It include variant devices & multiload devices.
[ ii] THIRD GENERATION
• It include hormonal releasing IUDs.

5.HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE -
• these are effective if used properly.
• Oral contraceptive contain SYNTHETIC
ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE.

Classification of hormonal contraceptive -

a. Oral contraceptive ( birth control pill)
COMBINED ORAL PILLS ( COCs).
PROGESTIN - ONLY PILLS ( POPs).

b. Injection ( DEPO- PROBERA)

c. Implant ( NORPLANT I& II)
d. The patch ( ORTHO EVRA).

6. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION -
• Also known as MORNING AFTER PILLS.
• It can reduce the chance of a pregnancy by
75% if taken within 72hrs of unprotected sex .
• It must be taken within 72 hrs of unprotected
intercourse or failure of contraception method .
• Contain a higher dosage of same hormones
( LEVONORGESTROL) found in regular birth control.
• Available at pharmacy for girls 17+ , prescription
is needed if less than 17 .
• Must receive ECP from a physician.
• 75% - 84% effective in reducing pregnancy.
PERMANENT CONTRACEPTION METHOD
-:

• These procedures are permanent.

• These are usually done by people 35+ years.
• Both procedure are done in hospital.

1. Male sterilization

A. VASECTOMY - A permanent
method which involves the blocking of
a man's vas deferens tubes

B.NO SCALPEL VASECTOMY- also called

keyhole vasectomy. It is a procedure
variant in which a sharp hemostat is used
to puncture the scrotum.

2.Female sterilization

A.TUBAL LIGATION - Surgical procedure

performed on a women fallopian tubes
are cut ,tied,cauterized , prevent eggs
from reaching sperm .
• May experience heavier periods, recovery
usually 4-6 days, failure takes vary by
procedure ,from 0.8% - 3.7%.
B. LAPROSCOPY - " BAND - AID"
STERILIZATION - it's used for sterilization
purpose. The abdomen is inflated with carbon
dioxide or nitrous oxide and laproscopy is
introduced to visualise the fallopian tube.
• then, clips are applied to occlude the tube.
• It is not advisable 6 weeks after delivery.
• The client is kept under observation in hospital
for 48hrs.

SUMMARY
 Contraception is the use of medicines, devices,or surgery to prevent pregnancy.The most common method sterilization.The most effective temporary
methods are nearly 99% effective if used consistently & correctly many methods carry health risk ,barrier devices & avoidance of intercourse during the most
fertile period are safest.Condoms also prevents STDs ,used with spermicide condom are nearly 100%effective.Fertility awareness technique have evolved
from keeping track of the menstrual cycle ,to avoid intercourse around the time of ovulation, tracking body temperature & cervical mucus consistency can
raise effectiveness to more than 80%.Experimental forms of birth control include an oral contraceptive for men.

CONCLUSION
Since world war II,there have been major improvement in the health of women & children in most
developing countries.These improvement however ,have been unevenly disturbed,they have been dramatic
in some countries ,moderate in others & small in many countries, particularly the poorest countries of Africa
or South Asia.Many developing countries have also experienced significant decline in fertility over the last 40
years.Other countries with the highest rate of infant child,maternal mortality also have high fertility
rate .This report has examined the relationship between fertility during the course of this transition in
fertility & health during course of this transition in fertility & mortality & has assessed the impact of changes
in reproductive pattern on the health of women and child.Other indirect relationship between fertility &
health may be as impossible as the direct effects.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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no. 1230 -1268.

2.Sidharth Brunner's," A textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing -II" 2nd edition,page no 2459-
2501.

3.https://www.slideshare.net/saurabhsingh1153/populationexplosion& family planning-

115359325

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5. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/ read /1421/chapter/9