PIPRAMS

LESSON PLAN ON
TOPIC: ADHD
SUBJECT: MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
 IDENTIFICATION DATA:
 NAME OF THE TEACHER: MS. GARIMA PANT (Assistant professor)
 NAME OF THE SUBJECT: MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
 NAME OF THE TOPIC: ADHD
 GROUP OF THE STUDENTS: 45
 SIZE OF THE GROUP: 45
 DATE AND TIME OF PRESENTATION:
 VENUE/PLACE OF PRESENTATION: CLASS ROOM
 DURATION OF TEACHING:
 AV AIDS:
 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE TOPIC: The group may have some knowledge regarding
the topic “ADHD”.
 GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the teaching session the group will be able to
* Gain knowledge about the topic ADHD.
* Develop and improve professional efficiency

 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the teaching the group will be able to
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OBJECTIVE AV AIDs
INTRODUCTION
.1 2 min To introduce Attention deficit hyperactivity Lecture cum discussion What is
the topic disorder (ADHD) is a brain ADHD?
disorder that affects how you pay
attention, sit still, and control
your behaviour . It happens in
children and teens and can
continue into adulthood.

ADHD is the most commonly

diagnosed mental disorder in
children. Boys are more likely to
have it than girls. It’s usually
spotted during the early school
years, when a child begins to
have problems paying attention.
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.2 1 MIN To define the What is

topic
DEFNITION definition of
ADHD is one of the most
ADHD?
common neurodevelopmental
disorders of childhood. It is
usually first diagnosed in
childhood and often lasts into
adulthood. Children with ADHD
may have trouble paying
attention, controlling impulsive
behaviours (may act without
thinking about what the result
will be), or be overly active.
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.3 4 Mins To explain sign What are the

and symptoms
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS sign and
It is normal for children to have
of ADHD. trouble focusing and behaving at symptoms of
one time or another. However, ADHD?
children with ADHD do not just grow
out of these behaviours. The
symptoms continue, can be severe,
and can cause difficulty at school, at
home, or with friends.

A child with ADHD might:

*daydream a lot
*forget or lose things a lot
*squirm or fidget
*talk too much
*make careless mistakes
*take unnecessary risks
 *have a hard time resisting
*temptation
*have trouble taking turns
*have difficulty getting along
with others

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.4 7 mins To discuss TYPES Enlist the

about the There are three different ways ADHD types of
types of presents itself, depending on which ADHD.
ADHD. types of symptoms are strongest in
the individual:

 Predominantly
Inattentive
Presentation: It is hard for
the individual to organize or
finish a task, to pay attention
to details, or to follow
instructions or conversations.
The person is easily
distracted or forgets details
of daily routines.

 Predominantly
 Hyperactive-Impulsive
Presentation: The person
fidgets and talks a lot. It is
hard to sit still for long (e.g.,
for a meal or while doing
homework). Smaller children
may run, jump or climb
constantly. The individual
feels restless and has trouble
with impulsivity. Someone
who is impulsive may
interrupt others a lot, grab
things from people, or speak
at inappropriate times. It is
hard for the person to wait
their turn or listen to
directions. A person with
impulsiveness may have
more accidents and injuries
than others.

 Combined
Presentation: Symptoms
of the above two types are
equally present in the person.
Because symptoms can change over
time, the presentation may change
over time as well.
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.5 4 MIN TO EXPLAIN
CAUSES What are the
THE CAUSES causes of
Causes of ADHD ADHD?
Scientists are studying cause(s) and
risk factors in an effort to find better
ways to manage and reduce the
chances of a person having ADHD.
The cause(s) and risk factors for
ADHD are unknown, but current
research shows that genetics plays
an important role. Recent studies link
genetic factors with ADHD.1

In addition to genetics, scientists are

studying other possible causes and
risk factors including:

 Brain injury
 Exposure to environmental
risks (e.g., lead) during
pregnancy or at a young age
 Alcohol and tobacco use
during pregnancy
 Premature delivery
  Low birth weight
Research does not support the
popularly held views that ADHD is
caused by eating too much sugar,
watching too much television,
parenting, or social and
environmental factors such as
poverty or family chaos. Of course,
many things, including these, might
make symptoms worse, especially in
certain people. But the evidence is
not strong enough to conclude that
they are the main causes of ADHD.

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.6 4 min TO Discuss
Diagnosis How to
about the It can be hard to diagnose diagnose
diagnosis of ADHD, especially in children. No ADHD?
adhd one test will spot it. Doctors
diagnose ADHD in children and
teens after discussing symptoms
at length with the child, parents,
and teachers, and then observing
the child's behaviours.

Doctors use the American

Psychiatric Association’s
guidelines, which are based on
how many symptoms a person
has and how long they’ve had
them. They’ll also rule out other
things that may be causing the
symptoms, such as health
conditions or problems in daily
life.

To confirm a diagnosis of ADHD

or learning differences, a child
may take a battery of tests to
check their neurological and
psychological status. The tests
should be given by
a pediatrician or mental
health provider with experience
in diagnosing and treating ADHD.
Your primary care doctor might
refer you to a specialist such as
a psychiatrist, psychologist, or
psychotherapist. The tests may
include:

 A medical and social

history of both the child
and the family.
 A physical exam and
neurological assessment
that includes screenings
of vision, hearing, and
verbal and motor skills.
 More tests may be given if
hyperactivity may be
related to another physical
problem.
 An evaluation of
intelligence, aptitude,
personality traits, or
processing skills. These
are often done with input
from the parents and
teachers if the child is of
school age.
 A scan called the
Neuropsychiatric EEG-
Based Assessment Aid
(NEBA) System, which
measures theta and beta
brain waves. The
theta/beta ratio has been
shown to be higher in
children and adolescents
with ADHD than in
children without it.

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TO explain
about the How to treat
.7 8 mins treatment of ADHD Treatment ADHD?
ADHD.
There are several approaches
to treating ADHD. But research
suggests that for many
children, the best way to
manage symptoms is a
multimodal approach. This
involves multiple methods of
treatment that work together.
Many symptoms of ADHD can
be managed with medication
and therapy. Close cooperation
among therapists, doctors,
teachers, and parents is very
important.

Medication. Although there is

controversy about their
possible overuse, stimulants
are the most commonly
prescribed medications for
treating ADHD. They can help
control hyperactive and
impulsive behavior and
improve attention span. They
act on the brain chemicals, like
dopamine, that can make
impulsive behavior worse.

They include:

*Amphetamine (Adzenys XR
ODT, Dyanavel)

*Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

*Dextroamphetamine
(Adderall, Dexedrine)

*Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

*Methylphenidate (Aptensio,
Cotempla, Concerta, Daytrana,
Jornay PM, Metadate,
Methylin, Quillivant, Ritalin)

Stimulant medications don’t

work for everyone with ADHD.
People older than 6 may take
nonstimulant medications such
as:

*Atomoxetine (Strattera)

*Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay)

*Guanfacine (Intuniv)

In some cases, doctors may

prescribe antidepressants, such
as drugs called SSRIs,
bupropion (Wellbutrin), or
venlafaxine (Effexor).

Side effects of ADHD medicines

can include:

*Anxiety
*Loss of appetite

*Fatigue

*Crankiness

*Trouble sleeping

*Skin discoloration (with

patches)

*Upset stomach

*Headache

Most side effects are minor

and improve with time. In
some cases, doctors may lower
a dosage to ease side effects.

In rare cases, stimulants can

have more serious side effects.
For instance, some are linked
to a higher risk of heart
problems and death in children
with heart disease. They may
also make psychiatric
conditions like depression or
anxiety worse, or cause a
psychotic reaction.

Before your child starts an

ADHD medicine, talk to your
doctor about the risks and
benefits. Remember that it can
take some trial and error to
find the right medicine and
dose.

Therapy. These treatments

focus on changing behaviour.

 Special education helps

a child learn at school.
Having structure and a
routine can help children
with ADHD a lot.
 Behaviour
modification teaches
ways to replace bad
behaviours with good
ones. Let your child know
 what behaviours you
expect of them. Make
simple, clear rules. When
they lose control, have
them face consequences
that you’ve set up, like
time-outs or losing
privileges. Keep an eye
out for good behaviour.
When they keep their
impulses in check, reward
them.
 Psychotherapy
(counselling) can help
someone with ADHD learn
better ways to handle
their emotions and
frustration. It could help
improve their self-esteem.
Counselling may also help
family members better
understand a child or adult
with ADHD.

 Social skills
training can teach
behaviours, such as
taking turns and
sharing.
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.8 2min To enlist the Nursing Interventions What are the
nursing  nursing
interventions  *Accept the child or individual as interventions
of ADHD. what he is. ... in the case of
 *Approach the child at his current ADHD ?
level of functioning. ...
 *Use simple and direct
instructions. ...
 *Implement scheduled routine
every day. ...
 *Avoid stimulating or distracting
settings. ...
 *Give positive reinforcements. ...
 Encourage physical activity.
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 SUMMARY
ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in
childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention,
controlling impulsive behaviours (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly
active.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion ADHD is a syndrome that causes distractibility impulsivity and restlessness. There
is no known cure for ADHD but there are many different treatment that can help with it’s
symptoms.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
●https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html
●https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-
disorder-adhd
●Behavioural Problem in children’s and adolscents