Example of Isolated footing design as per

IS 456-2000 code standards

Design RCC isolated footing for 400mmX400mm column size which carries load of
1200kN on the column, take Soil bearing capacity of soil (SBC) is 200kN/m2. Assume
M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

Step 1: Load calculations

Given load P = 1200kN

Factor load (or) ultimate load = 1.5P = 1.5X1200 = 1800kN

Consider self weight of footing and back fill is 10% column load

= (10%column load) = (10/100)1800 = 120kN

Now the total load on the column = Factor load + 10% column load

= 1800+120 =1920 kN

Step 2: Size of footings calculations

As per step1 the total load is obtained as 1920 kN

Let us consider the square footing which is having length and width as B

So the area of footing is given by BXB = B2

As per formula of area of footing is given by

B2 = Total load/SBC = 1920/200 = 9.6 m2

By solving we can get the value of B = 3.1m

So final area of footing provided is = 3.1mX3.1m =9.61 m2

Step 3: Calculation of net upward pressure at ultimate load

Calculated ultimate load from step 1 is 1920kN

Soil pressure = qu = Total load/Area of footing = 1920/9.61 = 199.80 kN/m2

So take soil pressure qu = 200 kN/m2

 Upward
pressure
Step 4: Calculation and check for one way shear to determine the depth

One way shear

and moment
From formulae of factored shear force for one way shear

Factored shear force Vu1 = (quB/2) (B-C1-2d)

By taking the values Vu1 = ((0.2X3100)/2)(3100-400-2d)

By solving the above equation we can get

Vu1 = 310(2700-2d) ————————– equation 1

By assume percentage of steel in footing

Pt =0.15%

From table 19 of IS 456-2000 code

Design shear = 0.36 N/mm2

And one way shear resistance is given by Vc1 = τcbd

By substituting the values Vc1 = 0.36X3100d

Vc1 =1116d ——————————- equation 2

By solving equation 1 and equation 2

310(2700-2d) = 1116d

We can get the value of d as 482.19mm

Let us consider cover as 68mm

So over all depth is given by 482+68 = 550mm

Depth of
isolated footing
Step 5: Check for punching shear / Two way shear

Since we have formulae

Factored shear force / Two way shear = Vu2 = qu (B2-(C1+d)2)

 Two way shear
and moment
By substituting the values in the above expression

Vu2 = 0.2 (31002 – (400+550)2)

= 1741.5 kN

Again we have punching / two way shear resistance

Vc2 = Ksb0d

Where b0 = 4(C1+d)

= 4(400+550)

= 3800

From clause 31.6.3 permissible shear stress ( IS 456-2000)

c = 0.25 fy1/2 = 0.25X201/2 = 1.118 N/mm2 and Ks =1

By substituting the values we can get

Vc2 = 1X1.118X3800X550

= 2336.62 kN

So here Vc2 > Vu2 , hence 550mm depth is safe

Step 6: Reinforcement design calculation

We have the ultimate moment expression from formulae section

Mu = (quB/8) (B-C)2

By substituting the values we can get

Mu = ((0.2X3100)/8) (3100-400)2

Mu = 564.975 kN.m

By using Mu expression we can easily calculate Ast value

Mu = 0.87fyAstd(1-(Astfy/bdfck))

564.975 X 106 = 0.87X20XAstX550 (1-(AstX415/3100X400X20))

By solving above equation we can get the value of Ast

So here Ast = 2951.4 mm2

Let us consider 16mm diameter bars

Area of 1 bar provided = µ/4(16)2 = 201 mm2

Number of bars required = Ast/Area of 1 bar = 2951.4/201 = 14.68no’s

Take 15numbers of 16 mm diameter bars

Spacing = (A/Ast)XB

= (201/2951.4)X3100

= 211.12 mm

So the final reinforcement for isolated footing as per IS 456-2000 code is obtained as
use 16mm diameter bars at 210 C/C distance in both X direction and Y direction.

The final reinforcement view is shown in the below figure.

Final reinforcement details