Class three section b carpenter

1. With reference to temporary construction, define the following terms:

Formwork, shoring, centering. (6)
- Formwork is a temporary mould to save as a system into which wet
concrete and steel reinforcement is cast and compacted to form the
required shape.
- Shoring is a form of temporary support to building structures
which is defective and likely to collapse when alterations are being
made to buildings.
- Centering is used to support the brickwork in the construction of
arches and ensures for a smooth finished curve of the arch.

2. Define each of the following roof work terms:

Truss, gable end. (4)
- Truss is a two or more members joined together in a triangular
pattern to form a sturdy frame to carry roof covering.
- A gable end is the external brick work built to the slope of the
rafters taking the same slope or shape as roof.

3. Discuss water proofing material under the following headings:

(Liquid coating); characteristics, properties, application and fixing.
(4)
- It takes the shape of area or object it is applied to
- Liquid coatings serves as water-proofing sealants
- The area where the coatings will be applied must be clean, dry and
smooth
- Liquid coatings are applied with a cloth or a brush

4. List three water proofing materials used on roofs to seal off joints,
openings and cracks. (3)
- Mastic
- Acrylic
- Asphalt
- Plastic
5. A building is not fit to be used by humans if it does not have a roof.
Give the purpose and function of a roof.(3)
- To protect the occupants of the house in the building
- To cover the interior of the building
- To provide shelter against weather

6. Explain under which conditions piled foundations will be used.(3)

 - Natural low bearing capacity of soil.
- High water table.
- Subsoil – subjected to movement e.g. expansion and contraction of shrinkable
clay soil.
- Subsoil – subjected to high moisture content. Recently placed filling materials
which are not sufficiently compacted.

7 Briefly explain another method to finish off the joint between two gypsum
boards. (2)
- Before painting, the joints between the gypsum boards can be
closed and finished off with Rhinolite or cretestone.

8 Timber for roof trusses must be treated. Give three reasons why it must be treated. (3)

- To protect it against water and rot

- To protect it against attack from fungi
- To protect it against attack from insects such as beetles
- To protect it against attack from wood borers
9. Describe how a steel roof truss can be protected from corrosion. (3)

- Painted
- Galvanised
- Powder coated
- Electroplating

10. Choose an item from column B that matches a description in column A.

(5)
Column A Column B
i. Has a slight slope a. Gable roof
ii. Has vertical end on two sides b. Conical roof
iii. Found on most round c. Hip roof
buildings d. Flat roof
iv. Commonly used on the side of e. Monopitch roof
a larger building
v. Has all roof end sloping

- (i) – D
- (ii) – A
- (iii) – B
- (iv) – E
- (v) – C
-

Carpenter class three sec b

1 Briefly explain what working drawings are in construction work.(3)

- Working drawings are the main documentation prepared by an
architect from which the quantity surveyor prepares some bill of
quantities.
- It should have some descriptive notes and supplemented by
details.
- These are the drawings which the contractor uses to construct the
work on site.

2 State two uses of the water level during setting out process of a
building. (2)
- The water level is used to determine the difference in height
between two or more points
- It is used to transfer levels from one level point to another point.

3 Indicate three methods of securing purlins to rafters. (3)

- By means of hurricane clips
- By means of wire clips and nails
- Using combination of wire and nails
- By using combination of nails and hoop iron
4 Briefly explain how trusses are permanently fixed to the wall
structure. (3)
- Nail the truss from both sides with 100mm nails into the wall
plate.
- Strap hoop iron firmly over the truss and nail securely.
- Ensure that the hoop iron is long enough to tie down both the wall
plate and the truss.

5. Briefly explain the following terms in construction work.

i. Easing and striking in centering (2)
ii. A kicker in formwork. (2)
- Easing and striking means the slackening or slightly lowering and
the removal of wedges, posts and centres.
- A kicker is a small upstand of concrete or timber, the same size as
plan of the column. To locate and secure the bottom of the form
box. It also prevents loss of concrete at the base of the column.

6. State three reasons or important functions of using shoring

during construction work. (3)
- To support a structure that show signs of weakness due to ground
subsidence or foundation sagging.
- To support a structure that has become defective and most
probably going to collapse
- To give support to an adjacent structure or building, where
extensive alterations are in operation
- To support the walls of a structure which tends to become bulgy
and full of cracks

7 Name three members that are directly involved in managing a

construction site. Also give one task performed by each member. (6)
- Structural and civil engineer – Designs the structural elements eg
beams and columns.
- Architect – appointed by the client to design the building and draw
up plans
- Building inspector – employed by the local authority to inspect the
building
- Quality surveyor – manages and controls building costs.

8 Briefly explain a datum peg (3)

 - A datum peg is a temporary benchmarks expressed as the level or
elevation of any point as the vertical distance of the point above or
below a definite level. It is an imaginary level surface of the site.
9. During setting out operations of a building it is important to determine
and check the squareness of the building and its corners. Name three
methods used to perform this task. (3)
- 3.4.5 method
- Builders square
- Diagonal checks
- Optical square.
10. In formwork for columns yokes are used to keep the four sides together. Explain why the
distance between the yokes increases as one moves higher up the formwork. (2)
- The pressure exerted by the wet concrete at the bottom of the formwork is the greatest
and gradually decreases as the level rises to the top

CLASS three Section b

Test item one

Give TWO reasons why scaffolding must be inspected before it can be used. (2)

 To ensure that the scaffolding is stable in all directions.

 Must be able to carry the mass of the load.
 Free of any defects.

Test item two

Name three materials that scaffolding can be made from. (3)

 Steel
 Wood
 Bamboo
 Aluminium.

Test item three

What is the maximum distance that a suspended scaffold may hang over the edge of the structure?
(2)

 It can suspend- for 1,8m

Test item four

State the maximum height of a trestle scaffold? (2)

 Maximum height of a trestle scaffolding is 3m

Test item five

Describe the first THREE steps that need to be considered when preparing timber before applying
preservatives. (3)

 Sand the wood with surface with different grades of sand paper
 Fill up all cracks and sand again until the surface is smooth
 Remove all dust

Test item six

Differentiate between a conventional trap door and a hinged trap door in a ceiling in terms of the
way in which it opens. (4)

 A convectional trap door consists of a panel that can be pushed up

 A hinged trap door opens upwards or down wards by pivoting around the hinges

Test item seven

Name three parts of a conventional trapdoor. (3)

 Timber frame
 Board or panel
 Cover strip

Test item eight

Describe four requirements that preservatives should comply with to be used effectively on timber.
(4)

Preservatives must:

 Be poisonous enough to kill insects without being harmful to humans.

 Be affordable.

 Not smell unpleasant.

 Not cause corrosion of metals in the wood.

 Strengthen rather than weaken the wood.

 Not spoil the appearance of the wood.

 Not change the dimensions or the strength of the wood.

Test item nine

Name FOUR advantages of a water-based paint. (4)

 Can be applied with brush

 Enhances appearance of surfaces
 Easy to apply
 Dries quickly
 Can be easily cleaned with water
  Gives flexible resistance to cracking

TEST ITEM TEN

State four advantages of the curing of concrete. (4)

 Increases strength
 Decreases the permeability of concrete
 Reduces cracks makes concrete more water tight
 Provides volume stability

Class three sec b

Test item one

Explain THREE safety precautions to be adhered to when setting up a ladder to do maintenance work
at high levels in a building. (3)

- • Take note of overhead electrical cables and avoid contact with it.
- • Place the ladder so that its feet are a quarter of its length away from the object it is resting
against.
- • Unless the ladder is securely tied at the top, another person should hold it whilst in use.
- • Wherever possible, the ladder should protrude at least 900 mm above its support.

Test item two

Hand tools are an asset to any tradesman. Assume you are a tradesman. Explain how you will take
care of your hand tools to ensure that they serve you well in years to come. (4)

- • Only use the tool for its intended purpose.

- • Wet hands can cause ferrous metals to rust, try to make contact with these parts as little
as possible.
- • Remove rust from tools with steel wool only and thereafter apply a thin layer of oil or wax
over it.
- • Check tools regularly for defects.
- • Avoid stacking tools on top of each other.
- • Tools must not be left lying around, they must be returned to its proper storage place.
- • Cutting tools must be sharp and its edges protected with a covering

Test t item three

You are on site and a fellow worker is shocked by an electrical wire. Explain TWO precautionary
measures you will take to prevent further electrocution. (2)

- • Get the person away from the source of electricity.

- • Use a piece of timber or non-conductor to break the contact of electricity from the
person.
- • Switch off the power source.

Test item four

Describe FOUR requirements that materials used for formwork must meet. (4)

- • Should be strong enough to support the load of wet concrete.

- • It must not be able to deflect under the load of wet concrete.
- • It must be accurately set out.
- • It must have grout tight joints.
- • The design of the formwork unit should be such that it can be easily erected and
dismantled.
- • Formwork material must be of such a nature that it can be easily handled by hand or
mechanical lifting device.
- • The material must be re-usable.

Test item five

State FOUR factors that must be taken into account during the planning stage of a rib and block
floor. (4)

- • Pre-stressed units
- • Maximum span
- • In-situ concrete layer
- • Unit weight
- • Reinforcement requirements
- • Insulation characteristic
- • Fire resistance
- • Volume reduction
- • Sound insulation
- • Nature of struts

Test item six

Differentiate how mechanical and visual grading of timber is done.

- Visual grading is done visually/looking at it

- Whilst mechanical grading is done with testing equipment (machines).

Test item seven

Cement is an important material and has a limited shelf life. Explain how you will store cement for
use on a building site. (4)

- • Cement should be stored on a raised platform covered with waterproof material.

- • Should not be exposed to moisture.
- • Should be used as soon as possible.
- • Must be used in a cycle of first in first out.
- • Must be stacked away from the walls.
- • Do not store more than 12 bags on top of one another.
- • Do not stack more than two pallets on top of each other

Test item eight

What is the purpose of the guard rail of a scaffold in terms of safety? (3)

- • It prevents workers from falling off the scaffold.

- • It is used as a handrail.
- • It is used to strap on safety harnesses.
- • To protect the worker working on the scaffold.

Test item nine

Describe four safety precautions that must be adhered to when working on a scaffold. (4)

- • Do not throw any tools or materials from a scaffold.

- • Never jump on to and off a scaffold.
- • Never overload a scaffold.
- • Remove or cover sharp edges or corners.
- • Always attach free-standing scaffoldings to a building.
- • Use a ladder to get on and off a scaffold.
- • Keep free of waste or any other obstruction.
- • Never jump on a scaffold while working on it.
- • Responsible/qualified person must ensure that scaffolding is safe, rigid, stable and firm or
has no defects.
- • Scaffold must be supplied with guard rails/toe boards.
- • Scaffolds must be levelled on uneven ground.
- • Do not work on a scaffold in bad weather.
- • Wear a safety harness when working on scaffolding.
- • Do not throw tools on/off a scaffold.

Test item ten

Explain the purpose of painting. (3)

• The primary purpose of painting is to protect metals, wood and other material against corrosion
and decay.

• Provides a decorative/aesthetic appearance/finishing.

• Protects surfaces from moisture penetration.

• Protects surfaces from rust/uv rays.