CvSU 101: Finals reviewer

Typing Mechanics

A. Paper and Printing

- Letter size (8 ½ x 11’) white bond paper
B. Font Style and Size
- Times new Roman, Font size 12
C.Margins and Spacing
- Left: 1.5 inches,
- Top, bottom, right,:1 inch
Paragraph indication should 5 spaces (equivalent to one tab) from left margin
- 3 single space - between chapter heading; the rest should be double-spaced

● Table title: comprehensive description of the entries

● Table title follow sentence capitalization
● Single space between title and table itself
● Tables with several level of headings
- First level- is ALL CAPS
- Second and succeeding level- Upper and lowercase fonts
● Units of quality- enclosed in parenthesis after column heading
● Table entries- arranged in rows and columns; either in single or two spaces placed within
or on separate pages.
● Number consecutively with Arabic numeral
● 1 point line for all horizontal lines, no vertical lines, 1.5 spaces between entries
● Table should not be spill, if spill, use separate pages should be titled “Table 3_continued”
F. Figures- pictures,drawings,diagrams,photographs, blue prints,maps,graphs and charts should
be clear
● Figures are numbered consecutively in Arabic numeral two spaced below them.
● Printed
● Captions are written opposite the figure number.
● Titles follow sentence capitalization and are placed two spaces below and centered with
figures.
● Figure from references should be cited in parenthesis after caption.
● Legends should be clearly indicated
● May be photographically reduced; larger paper may also be attached, but should be
properly folded when inserted in manuscript
G. Use of Italics
● All Non-English term and scientific names
H. Unit of Measure
● International system of units (SI) should be followed
● Units not filled by Arabic numbers should be spelled out or written in whole word
(ex.meters,kilogram)
● Units with Arabic numbers are to be abbreviated (ex.1000 ml)
 I. Numbers, Figures and Symbols
● General rule: one to 9 should be spilled out. 10 and above, written as Arabic
numerals

➢ Ex. Nine males, Six participants

➢ 10 participants
Written in Arabic form if preceded by unit of measure
- Ex. 6L, 2kg, 9 percent
Avoid begging sentence with a figure, spell it out
- Ex. twelve participants are…
When two numbers range was from 5 to 10

- Spell out fraction Ex. one-half inch

But 6 ⅔ of an inch

Expression of time: 8 a.m., 10:30 a.m..

Telephone numbers ex. 091722345678
Amount of money ex. P5 (for five peso)
Plate numbers: ex. JK 123
age : 18 years old

J. Abbreviation
● Ex. the water samples were brought to the department of science and technology
(DOTS) where they were analyzed for heavy metals contamination. The water samples
● were supposed to contain lead and mercury. The DOST repo-rted that…..

K. abbreviation of Title of person

● Prof. Ederlyn Destura
● Prof. E. Destura
● Prof. E.P.Destura
● Professor Destura

Abbreviation only in numbered addresses:

68 Hugo Iligan St. / hugo Iligan Street

L. Capitalization
● Proper Nouns are capitalized, Common nouns are not.
- Ex. Department of Agriculture, Dean Evelyn Del Mundo

M. Spelling
● Latest edition of English dictionary
● Spelling should be consistent in text
N. Tenses
● Present Tense- Presenting theories, Philosophies, generalizations, and conclusion
● Past tense- describing result of the study

Writing in-text citation and reference

Purpose:
● To established validity of related information
● Proper attribution
● To avoid plagiarism

When is a citation needed?

● Using direct questions, paraphrases and summaries
● Citation consists: Name of Author(s), Year of Publication, Page number (of direct
quotation)

Indirect Quotation with Parenthetical Citation

● Libraries historically highly value intellectual freedom and patron confidentiality (La Rue,
2007),
Indirect Quotation with Author as part of Narrative
● LaRue (2007) identified intellectual freedom, and patron confidentiality as twoo key value
held historically by libraries
Two author: In-Text
● (Harris & Cook, 2020) Parenthesis
● Harris & Cook (2020) Narrative
Primary source: In-text
● (Tayler et a,2018) Parenthesis
● Tayler et al (2018) Narrative
Multiple Sources: In-Text
● Several studies have replicated these result (Reyes, 2009; Santos, 2004; Tan,
2015,2017)
In-Text: No date
● (Choi,n.d).
In-Text: No page Number
● (Lee, 2020, 03:06)
● (Johnson, 2021, Chapter 3)
● (Lee, 2018, para.4)
● (Boo, 2015, Slide 15)
● (Flores, 2019, Table 5)
● (Choi, 2019, “No page number” section)
Citing Secondary Sources: In-Text
● (Park, 1998, as cited in BLoom et al., 2018)
If the publication date of the primary source is unknown:
● Park (as cited in Bloom,2018) stated that…

A. Journal, Magazines, newspapers in Print Format:

● Author, A.A, Author, B.B.,& Author, c.c (year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, xx,
xxx-xxx
One author:
● William, J.H. (2008). Employee engagement: Improving participation in safety.
Professional Safety. 53(12), 40-45

Two to Seven Author

● Keller,TE…, Cusick,G.R., & Courtney, M.E. (2007). Approaching the transition to
adulthood: Distinctive profiles of adolescents aging out of the child welfare system.
Social Services Review,81, 453-484

Eight or More Authors

● Wolchik, S.A, West, S, ZG., Sandier, I.N., Tein, Y,_Y., Coalsworth,
D.,Lengua,L.,...Griffin,W.A.(2002). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother
and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology,68-843-856

Newspaper Article without author and Discontinuous Pages

● Generic Prozac debuts. (03 August 2001). The Washington Post,pp.E1,E4.

Books, Chapters In Books or Reports

● Formal: Author, A.A. (year). Title of work. Publisher

Citing Web Pages

● Lee, D.M. (1997,March 30). South Korea's recession and growth remain rising. BBC
News, http;//www.bbc.com.news business-504191927

Anonymous or unknown author (common in Newspapers):

● Caffeine linked to mental illness. (13 July 1991). New York Times, B13, B15.

Up to 20 authors reference list;

● Kim, M.G., Choi, S.C., Kwon, S.Y., Yoon, J.H., Lee, J.H., Jeon, W.W., Hong, J.S., Lee,
S.M., Somi, H.S., Boo, S.K…, Lee, C., Xn, M.H., Wen, J.H., Gomzalez, W.L., Hughes,
W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Dior, A.B., Flores, T., Gray, W.E., Green, G.,...Nelson, T.P.
(2015)
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

RA 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT
OF 1990
● Approved on oct 26, 1990
● Covers the sound and proper management of industrial chemicals and hazardous waste

RA 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

● Approved on June, 23, 1999
● Aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos

PD 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM

● Ratified on June 11, 1978
● Maintain balance between the environment and the socio-economic development of the
country

RA 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

● Signed in January 26, 2001
● Framework and policy, instuitional mechanism and mandate to the local government
units to achieve 25% waste reduction through establishing an integrated solid waste
management plan base on 3rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycling)

RA 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT

● Signed on March 22 2004
● Aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources

Introduction

● Waste management refers to the activities connected with the collection and disposal of
waste.

It comprises the following activities:

- Waste collection
- Waste transportation
- Waste segregation
- Waste recycling
- Waste disposal
- Waste minimization and control

● Solid Waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant,
water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials
 including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from
industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operation, Solid waste can be classified
into different type depending on their source:

a.) Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste,

b.) Industrial waste as hazardous waste
c.) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.

● Residual waste refers to the material that remains after the process of waste treatment
has taken place
Republic Act 9003
Ecological solid wastes management act of 2002
1. Mandate:
➢ Segregation at source
➢ Segregated collection
➢ Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and
➢ Composing for each barangay or cluster of barangays
2. Encourages environment-friendly
3. Penalizes violation

➢ Section 33. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) shall be designed to receive, sort,
process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently and in an
environmentally sound manner.
➢ Section 37. No “open dumps” shall be established and operated, or any practice or
disposal of solid waste by any person which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid
waste be allowed after the effectiveness of this act.

EXISTING CvSU ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

To comply with provisions of RA 9003, CvSU has implemented the following policies:

1. WASTE SEGREGATION POLICY

2. TOTAL PLASTIC BAN
3. GARBAGE IN-GARBAGE OUT

1. Waste Segregation Policy

❖ Everyone, as required by RA 9003 (Ecological solid waste management act), Must
segregate their wastes properly into biodegradable, recyclables, residuals, and
hazardous waste.
❖ Each College, Department, unit, project, center, business establishment, house, etc.
must procure or put up its own segregation bins or containers and compost pit.
❖ All biodegradable wastes must be thrown into the compost pit or composted using EM
Technology, vermiculture orTrichoderma to produce organic fertilizers.
 ❖ The University shall collect only residual wastes properly segregated and packaged for
temporary storage at the University MRF.
❖ Units that generate hazardous wastes shall put up temporary storage containers and
safe storage rooms.
❖ Subsequent collection of hazardous wastes shall be done by the PCO for proper
disposal.
❖ Each unit may sell all recyclables that they have collected and use the proceeds for their
own needs.
❖ Penalties for violators shall be determined by the Pollution Control Office.

The University Security Force, Dept. of Forestry & Environmental Science, and Pollution Control
Office shall be deputized to apprehend violators and impose penalties.

2. Total Plastic Ban Policy

❖ It shall be the policy of the University to gradually eliminate the use of plastic bags,
styropor and other similar food packaging materials and remove such from the solid
waste stream of the University.
❖ Alternative reusable containers or biodegradable packaging materials must be adopted
in all commercial establishments within the University premises.
❖ All faculty, staff, students and other personnel shall bring their own food containers for
"take out" food. All commercial establishments shall refrain from using sando bags,
styropor and other non-biodegradable food packaging materials. Paper bags are
allowed.

3. "Garbage In - Garbage Out Policy"

❖ It shall be the policy of this University to require all its faculty, staff, students and
commercial establishments to manage their own wastes by bringing back home
whatever wastes they have brought into the University or generated inside the University
in the course of their work or business.

WASTES SEGREGATION
Solid wastes generated are classified as.
❖ Residual wastes
❖ Recyclable wastes
❖ Biodegradable wastes
❖ Hazardous Wastes

RESIDUAL WASTES
● Straw
● Diapers
● Tetra Packs
● Broken Glass
● Plastics (Labo)
● Sanitary Napkin
 ● Styrofoam/Styropor
● Aluminum/Tin Foil
● Paper plates with metal coating

RECYCLABLES
● Plastic Cups
● Plastic Bottles
● Hard Plastics
● Glass Bottles
● Shredded Paper
● Plastic Containers
● Plastic Spoons/Forks
● Cartons/Cardboard
● Metal Containers (Tin & Aluminum)
● Waste Paper/Used Newspapers

BIODEGRADABLES
● Food wastes
● Fruit wastes
● Paper (Wet or Soiled)
● Leaves
● Animal Wastes
● Paper Cups, Wet
● Paper Plates, w/o metal coating
● Paper boxes/carton (wet or soiled)

RECYCLABLES
● Cans
● Paper Metals
● Glass bottles
● Plastic bottles
● Junk Food Wrappers
● Paper boxes/carton

Hazardous Wastes
● Hazardous waste is any waste that has properties that makes it potentially harmful to
human health and to the environment.
Common Hazardous Waste

Class Description

Used or waste oil Vegetable oil sludge

Pathological or Infectious waste Includes healthcare wastes from hospitals,

medical centers and clinics containing
pathological, pathogenic and infectious
waste, sharps and others

Pharmaceutical and Drugs Expired pharmaceuticals and drugs stocked

such antibiotics, veterinary and phyto
pharmaceuticals and others.

Waste Electrical and Electronic equipment All waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) that contain hazardous components (i.e., ink,
cartridges, toners, etc.)

Special waste Household hazardous wastes such as paints,

thinners, household batteries, lead-acid
batteries, spray canisters and the like that are
consolidated by Material Recovery
Facilities (MRFs)
Consumer electronics, white goods (i.e.,
refrigerators, washing machines,
air
conditioners, etc.) batteries, oil and busted
fluorescent lamps

Hazardous Wastes
• Hazardous wastes must not be mixed with other domestic wastes.
• Containers for hazardous wastes must be properly labeled, following the standard format of
DENR.
• A separate storage shall be designated for hazardous wastes.
• Hazardous wastes shall be disposed of through a DENR-accredited treatment facility.

Penalty Provision
First offense Penalty:
For University official, college, department/unit/project, Faculty/staff, student
● Verbal warning
Business Establishment
● Verbal warning from the security guard
Second offense Consequence:
For university official/faculty/staff
● Violation ticket
For college/department/unit/project
● Violation ticket + written warning
For student
● Violation ticket + ID confiscated
For Business Establishment
● Violation ticket + fine of 1000

Third offense Consequences:

For university official/faculty/staff
● Fine of 200 or; 1 Hr. Community Service
For college/department/unit/project
● Fine of P1000 or; 1 Hr. community service
For Business Establishment
● Cancellation of business permit
For students
● Fine of P100 or; 1 Hr. community service

CONCLUSION
Waste management is a concerted effort among:
● administrators
● faculty
● students
● employees, and
● other stakeholders.

from the University Pollution Control Office, office memorandum no. 4s. 2022
In compliance to Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Waste Management Act of 2002,
Cavite Provincial Ordinances Nos. 007-2012 and 021-2013, and Indang Municipal Resolution
No. 35-5-2012, on solid waste management, the University reinforced to continuously
implement the Environmental Management Policy on Total Plastic Ban