Introduction

The creation of the COVID-19 vaccine and the ensuing vaccination of the populace constituted

the sole viable approach to contain the epidemic (Olu-Abiodun et al 2022). The global response

to stop the pandemic arrived quickly. Nigeria got its first batch of AstraZeneca/Oxford

vaccinations (Covishield COVID-19 vaccines) in March 2021. The vaccines were mass-

produced by the Serum Institute of India (SII) and given to various states. Immunization

information systems and vaccination tracking systems were used to keep an eye on this and make

sure the vaccines were distributed correctly (Kanma-Okafor) . The low adoption percentage of

the COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria during the program's inception was ascribed to poor

communication and mistrust of the government (Oyadiran et al, 2021). According to a study on

vaccine hesitancy, other significant factors contributing to hesitancy were low confidence in the

vaccination, concern of possible side effects, insufficient awareness about COVID-19, restricted

access to vaccines, and the misconception that people of African descent are inherently immune.

The bulk of people harboring this suspicion are people living in rural areas who think the

vaccination is dangerous and could hurt them because it was made by the government.

Covid-19 cases before and during vaccination process in Nigeria

Nigeria had an exponential increase in COVID-19 cases, and the epidemic required to be stopped

right once. When Nigeria began its vaccination operation on March 28, 2021, there were 162,593

cumulatively developed COVID-19 cases recorded there. With 2,048 recorded cumulative

deaths, this placed Nigeria fifth among the most severely affected nations in Africa and 77th
among the most severely affected nations worldwide. Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory and

Lagos State, the former capital, both had the highest number of COVID-19 cases reported.

According to the WHO report, as of November 22, 2023, two years after the vaccination

campaign began, Nigeria has a total of 267,153 confirmed COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, as of

November 22, 2023, 133,048,021 vaccination doses had been administered nationwide. This

shows that a total of 64.54 doses were given per 100 individuals. Of those, 45.52 received at

least one dosage per 100, 39.44 received the final dose of the primary series, and 8.16 received a

booster or additional dose per 100.

Additionally, according to WHO estimates, as of November 22, 2023, Nigeria had registered

3155 fatalities from the start of the pandemic. In Nigeria, COVID-19 vaccinations began in

March 2021. According to the study, 1250 deaths were reported from the time of vaccination to

November 22, 2023. The fact that the prevalence and number of deaths linked to the disease have

decreased since the vaccine program began suggests that the vaccination method has been

effective in containing the pandemic in Nigeria. There have been no deaths reported between

October 20, 2022, and November 22, 2023. Prior to the vaccination process, the cumulative

death rate was 60.4%; this dropped to 39.6% after the vaccine, while the percentage of confirmed

COVID-19 cases dropped from 58.3 to 41.7% after the vaccination.

Vaccination acceptance rate in Nigeria

The vaccine acceptance rate ranged from 20.0% to 58.2% according to Olu-Abiodun et al (2022).

Based on the reviewed studies, the highest rates of vaccine acceptance were 58.2% in a study
across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria (Olomofe, et al, 2021), 55.5% in Ondo, Edo, and

Delta (Adejuma et al, 2021), 51.1% in Kano (Iliyasu, et al, 2021), and 50.2% across the six

geopolitical zones of Nigeria (Tobi, et al, 2021). On the contrary, the lowest acceptance rate was

20.0% across the six geopolitical zones (Enitan, et al, 2020), 24.6% from Bayelsa State (Allagoa,

et al, 2021), and 32.52% across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria (Robinson et al, 2021). This

was followed by 34.7% in Anambra (Ugochukwu et al, 2021), 45.6% in Abia (Amuzie et al,

2021), and 47.1% in Abuja (Adigwe et al, 2021).

Method of data collection

The strategies or method used in collecting covid-19 associated data include texts extracted from

relevant published articles in the African Journals online, PubMed, Google scholars, WHO

website with focus on retrieving related articles. This study collected review of published

articles, so collection of raw data from individuals was not needed in any way.
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