DNS: NETWORK MANAGEMENT:

DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a decentralized Network management involves the administration, monitoring,
naming system for computers, services, or any resource and optimization of computer networks to ensure efficient
connected to the internet or a private network. operation, security, and reliability.
DNS translates easily memorable domain names, like It includes tasks such as device configuration, performance
"example.com," into the numerical IP addresses that monitoring, troubleshooting, security management, and resource
computers use to identify each other on the network. allocation.
The DNS system works like a distributed database, with Network management systems (NMS) utilize software tools and
multiple servers worldwide that store and manage domain protocols to manage and control network devices, analyze network
name records. traffic, and provide insights into network performance.
Root DNS Servers:
These are the highest level of DNS servers in the hierarchy NETWORK TYPES:
and maintain information about top-level domain (TLD) LAN (Local Area Network):
names, such as .com, .net, .org, etc. A network that connects devices within a limited geographic area,
TLD DNS Servers: such as a home, office, or campus.
These servers are responsible for maintaining information WAN (Wide Area Network):
about domain names under specific top-level domains, such A network that spans over a large geographical area, connecting
as .com, .net, .org, etc. multiple LANs or other networks. The internet is the largest WAN.
Authoritative DNS Servers: WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network):
These servers store and provide information about specific A type of LAN that uses wireless technology (Wi-Fi) for
domain names. They are responsible for maintaining the connectivity, allowing devices to connect without physical cables.
actual DNS records, such as IP addresses, associated with MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
domain names. A network that covers a larger geographic area than a LAN but
Recursive DNS Servers (Resolver): smaller than a WAN, typically serving a city or metropolitan area.
These are the DNS servers that most devices use to look up VPN (Virtual Private Network):
domain names. They perform the actual work of querying A secure network that extends a private network across a public
other DNS servers to resolve domain names. network like the internet, enabling users to access resources
securely from remote locations.
ACTIVE LIFE SERVICE:
Active live services in network management refer to the NETWORK PROTOCOLS:
continuous monitoring and management of network services TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
and resources in real-time. These services involve proactive The fundamental protocol suite of the internet, responsible for
measures to ensure optimal performance, availability, and data transmission and routing across networks.
security of the network infrastructure. Here are some key HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
components of active live services in network management: A protocol used for transferring web pages and other resources
on the World Wide Web.
Real-time Monitoring: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):
This involves continuously collecting and analyzing data on An extension of HTTP that adds encryption and security features,
network traffic, performance metrics, and device status to commonly used for secure communication over the internet.
identify any issues or anomalies promptly. FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
Performance Optimization: A protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server
Network management actively optimizes network on a network.
performance by identifying and resolving bottlenecks, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
congestion, and other performance-related issues. A protocol used for sending email messages between servers over
Fault Detection and Troubleshooting: a network.
This includes identifying connectivity issues, device failures, or DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
configuration errors and taking appropriate actions to restore A protocol used for automatically assigning IP addresses and other
service and minimize downtime. network configuration parameters to devices on a network.
Security Monitoring:
Network management actively monitors for security threats
and vulnerabilities to prevent unauthorized access, data
breaches, or other cyber threats
PROTOCOL ANALYZER:
A protocol analyzer, also known as a network protocol analyzer or packet sniffer, is a software
or hardware tool used to capture, analyze, and interpret network traffic in real-time. It
monitors the data packets transmitted over a network and provides insights into the
communication between devices, applications, and services. Protocol analyzers are commonly
used for troubleshooting network issues, optimizing performance, and ensuring security
compliance. They decode and display packet headers and payloads, allowing network
administrators to identify protocol violations, anomalies, and potential security threats.