EE513

(Antenna Part)

Text Book: ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

By

Constantine A. Balanis
THIRD EDITION
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Marking Scheme for Antenna Part

Exam1 10%
Exam2 10%
Assignments 5%
Final Exam 25%
Total 50%

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 Course outlines
1- Introduction.
2- Fundamental Parameters of Antennas.
3- Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions.
4- Linear Wire Antennas.
5- Loop Antennas.
6- Arrays: Linear, Planar, and Circular.
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 Introduction
1.1 INTRODUCTION
• Antenna definition: Antenna is defined as the transitional structure
between free-space and a guiding device.

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𝑍𝐴 = 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑋𝐴
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑍𝐴 : antenna impedance
𝑅𝐴 : antenna resistance
𝑅𝐿 : antenna loss resistance
𝑅𝑟 : antenna radiation resistance
𝑋𝐴 : antenna reactance

All are in ohms

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1.2 TYPES OF ANTENNAS

1.2.1 Wire Antennas

a- Dipole b- Circular (square) loop c- Helix

Fig. 3. Wire antenna configuration

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1.2.2 Aperture Antennas

a- Pyramidal horn b- Conical horn c- Rectangular waveguide

Fig. 4. Aperture antenna configuration

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1.2.3 Microstrip Antennas

a- Rectangular b- Circular

Fig. 5. Rectangular and circular microstrip (patch) antennas.

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1.2.4 Array Antennas

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
a- Yagi-Uda array b- Aperture array c- Microstrip patch d- Slotted waveguide array

Fig. 6. Typical wire, aperture and microstrip array configuration. 10

1.2.5 Reflector Antennas

Fig. 7. Typical Reflector configuration. 11

1.2.6 Lens Antennas

Fig. 8. Some of typical lens antennas configuration. 12

1.3 RADIATION MECHANISM
Electromagnetic fields generated by the source, contained and guided within the
transmission line and antenna, and finally “detached” from the antenna to form a free-
space wave?

1.3.1 Single Wire

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 𝑱 𝒔 = 𝒒𝒔 𝒗 𝒛 [𝐴 𝑚] (2)

𝑰𝒛 = 𝒒𝒍 𝒗𝒛 [A] (3)

Equation (4b) is the basic relation between current and charge, and it also
serves as the fundamental relation of electromagnetic radiation.
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For a single wire antenna

1. If a charge is not moving, current is not created and there is no radiation.

2. If charge is moving with a uniform velocity:

a. There is no radiation if the wire is straight, and infinite in extent.

b. There is radiation if the wire is curved, bent, discontinuous, terminated, or

truncated, as shown in Figure.

3. If charge is oscillating in a time-motion, it radiates even if the wire is straight.

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1.3.2 Two-Wires
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1.3.3 Dipole

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