HYPERLOOP

TRANSPORTATION
Pritiranjan Samal
C
College of Engineering, Pathanapuram
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 Hyperloop Transportation System
• Proposed by Elon Musk CEO of TESLA MOTORS, SPACEX and Co-
founder of PAY-PAL
• Consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both
low pressure and high speeds throughout the length of the tube
• This system can achieve an average speed of 800 kmph and a top speed of
1,600 km/h.
• The initial route is between Los Angeles and San Francisco with travel time
35minutes.
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 Main Parts of Hyperloop

• Capsule

• Axial Compressor

• Low Pressure Tube

• Suspension

• Propulsion
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 Capsule

• Sealed capsules carry 28 passengers in each travel along the interior of the
tube.
• Depart on average every 2 minutes from Los Angeles or San Francisco.
• The maximum width is 1.35 m and maximum height is 1.10 m.
• The capsules are accelerated through a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at
various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each
capsule.

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•The capsules are separated within the tube by approximately 37 km on average during
operation.
•The capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir
and aerodynamic lift.

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•Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of
the tube, or branches along the tube length.

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•For travel at high speeds, the greatest power requirement is normally to overcome air
resistance.
•Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed, and thus the power
requirement increases with the cube of speed.
•Just as aircraft climb to high altitudes to travel through less dense air, Hyperloop
encloses the capsules in a reduce pressure tube.
•The operating pressure of air in Hyperloop is of 100 Pascal’s, which reduces the
drag force of the air by 1,000 times and would be equivalent to flying above 150,000
feet altitude

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 Compressor
Onboard compressor, serves two purposes
• Capsule can traverse the relatively narrow tube without choking flow that
travels between the capsule and the tube by compressing air that is bypassed
through the capsule.
• It also supplies air to air bearings that support the weight of the capsule
throughout the journey.

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•Kantrowitz limit gives the top speed for a given tube to pod area ratio, above
which flow will be choked.
•Build up of air in front of capsule and subsequent increase in resistance.
•Fan and compressor in the front compresses this air and routes it to the rear
via a bypass tunnel.
•This air expands in the nozzle at the back, also providing additional thrust.

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 Hyperloop tube
• The tube is made of steel
• Tubes are welded together in a side by side configuration.
• Solar arrays cover the top of the tubes in order to provide power to the
system.
• Pylons are placed every 30 m to support the tube.

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•The inner diameter of the tube is optimized to be 2.23 m which is small enough to
keep material cost low while large enough to provide choked air flow around the
capsule.

• Pressure maintained inside the tube will be

around 100pa.

•This low pressure minimizes the drag force

on the capsule while maintaining the relative
ease of pumping out the air from the tube.

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 Suspension
• Air bearing suspension is used which offer stability and extremely low drag.
• Compressor pressurized air and aerodynamic lift provide better lift to
capsule. (0.5 to 1.3 mm).

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 Propulsion
• Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of the tube at various
locations to accelerate the capsules.
• Stators are located on the capsules to transfer momentum to the capsules via
the linear accelerators.
• Capsules are accelerated by linear magnetic induction and decelerated by
regenerative braking similar to magnetic levitation trains which has several
important benefits over a permanent magnet motor.

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 Pylons
• The tube is supported by pillars which constrain the tube in the vertical
direction .
• Average spacing of the Hyperloop pillars is 30m
• They are made of reinforced concrete.
• It allows longitudinal slip for thermal expansions as well as dampened lateral
slip to reduce the risk posed by earthquakes.
• These absorb the small length changes between pylons due to thermal
changes, as well as height changes due to settlement. 17
 Can it really be Self-powering?
• The Hyperloop as a whole is projected to consume an average of 21 MW.

• A solar array covering the entire Hyperloop is large enough to provide an annual
average of 76,000 hp (57 MW), significantly more than the Hyperloop requires.

• Battery array at each accelerator, allowing the solar array to provide only the average
power needed to run the system.

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•Solar panels placed on top of the tube generate far in excess of the energy
needed to operate.
•Thus enough energy is stored in battery packs to operate at night and for periods
of extended cloudy weather

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 Safety and Reliability
• Capsules travel in a carefully controlled and maintained tube environment
making the system is immune to wind, ice, fog, and rain.
• The propulsion system is integrated into the tube and can only accelerate the
capsule to speeds that are safe in each section.
• Human control error and unpredictable weather is removed from the
system.

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 Advantages of Hyperloop
• Safer
• Faster
• Lower cost
• More convenient
• Immune to weather
• Sustainably self-powering
• Resistant to Earthquakes
• Not disruptive to those along the route
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 Disadvantages of Hyperloop
• High speed might cause dizziness.
• Insufficient movable space for passenger.

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 Future Work
• The company Hyperloop One is currently developing passenger and cargo
system routes in the United States, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and
the United Arab Emirates.
• It is also in early talks with Indian government to build one in India.
• Its publicly stated goal is to deliver a fully operational Hyperloop system by
2021.

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 Conclusion
• Hyperloop is the cleanest, fastest, cheapest and the latest means of transport.
• It is an open source transportation concept.
• It does not disrupt the current infrastructure built along its route.
• This concept is efficient for long distances with minimum stoppages.
• In this presentation, the possibilities and construction of the system is
explained with the details of different components of the system.

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THANK YOU

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