ME 237

Thermodynamics I
12.10.2022
ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS
 Adiabatic Process
• A process during which there is no heat transfer is called an adiabatic
process
• An adiabatic process should not be confused with an isothermal
process.
 Example
• A candle is burning in a well-insulated room. Taking the room (the air
plus the candle) as the system, determine (a) if there is any heat
transfer during this burning process and (b) if there is any change in
the internal energy of the system.
Example
 ENERGY TRANSFER BY WORK
• If the energy crossing the boundary of a closed system is not heat, it
must be work
• Work is the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a
distance, shown by W and has an energy unit, kJ.

• The work done per unit mass of a system

 Direction and Signs of Heat and Work
• Heat and work are directional quantities
• Heat transfer to a system and work done by a system are positive
• Heat transfer from a system and work done on a system are negative
 Similarities Between Work and Heat
1. Both are recognized at the boundaries of a system as they cross the
boundaries. That is, both heat and work are boundary phenomena.
2. Systems possess energy, but not heat or work.
3. Both are associated with a process, not a state. Unlike properties,
heat or work has no meaning at a state.
4. Both are path functions (i.e., their magnitudes depend on the path
followed during a process as well as the end states).
Path Functions
 MECHANICAL FORMS OF WORK
• Work: A force acting through a distance.
Shaft Work

shaft work done per unit time

 Example
• Determine the power transmitted through the shaft of a car when the
torque applied is 200 N·m and the shaft rotates at a rate of 4000
revolutions per minute (rpm).
Spring Work
 HW
• 2.11, 2.19c, 2.20c, 2.21c, 2.22c, 2.23c, 2.24, 2.26c, 2.36

• These are questions for self-study. It is not compulsory to solve these

questions however If you solve them, you will help yourself for your
exams (quiz, midterm, final).