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INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO PRIVADO

“GUILLERMO ALMENARA MARTINS”
CARRERA PROFESIONAL
“TÉCNICA EN ENFERMERIA, FARMACIA Y PRÓTESIS DENTAL “
V SEMESTRE

GUÍA DE UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA

PRIMERA UNIDAD
IDIOMA EXTRANJERO

DOCENTE: CINTYA RAMOS MENDOZA

ABRIL 2023
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WILL (FUTURE)

1. Will for the future

We use will to say what we know or think about the future. Will
here has a neutral meaning. It does not express the idea that we
have already decided to do something or that we are planning
something.

+ Affirmative Form

Subject + will + verb in base form + complement

I /You / He / She will be late

It / We / They

- Negative Form

Subject + will + not + verb in base form + complement

(won´t)
I / You / He / She will not be late
It / We / They (won’t)

? Interrogative Form

Will + subject + verb in base form + complement?

Will + I / you / he / she + be late?

It / we/ they

✓ x
Yes, I /you/he/she will No, I /you/he/she/ won’t
it / we / they it / we /they
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2. We often use will in these situations:

• Instant decisions: When we decide to do something at

the moment of speaking.

- Oh I left the door open. I will go and shut it.

- A: What would you like?
B: I will have some coffee, please.
- A: Did you call Lucy?
B: Oh no, I forgot. I will do it now.

• Future predictions: To say things we think, guess, or

know about the future. We often
use I think / I don’t think.

- I think he will fail the exam.

- I don’t think he will pass the exam.
- You will love New York.

• Offers

- I will help you with your homework.

- I will open the door for you.

• Promises

- Thank you for lending me the money. I will pay you back on
Friday.
- I won’t tell Tom what you said. I promise.
- I promise I will call you as soon as I arrive.
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Exercises

A. Complete with will / won’t + a verb from the list.

forget buy(x2) help have pass be

like call tell

1. A: Do you like this band?

B: Yes, I think they ………………. famous one day.

2. A: Is this a good movie?

B: Yes, I’m sure you ……………. it.

3. A: I’m so worried about the exam!

B: Don’t worry. I’m sure you……………….

4. A: I can’t do this crossword.

B: I …………………. you.

5. A: It’s a secret.
B: I …………………… anyone, I promise.

6. A: It’s my birthday next week.

B: Don’t worry. I ………………….

7. A: This chocolate you bought isn’t very good.

B: Yes, I know. I ……………… it again.

8. A: These shoes are too small.

B: I ………………. a bigger pair for you.
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9. A: When will I hear from you again?

B: I ………………. you tonight.

10. A: What would you like?

B: I ………………. the fish.

B. Match the sentences.

It’s hot in here. G

1. I’m thirsty. A.I’ll help you with it.

2. I have a headache. B. I’ll make you a sandwich.
3. This exercise is hard. C. I’ll carry one for you.
4. I’m hungry. D. I’ll lend you some money.
5. These bags are heavy. E. I’ll buy some on my way home
6. I left my wallet at home. F. I’ll send it by email now.
7. I need a photo urgently. G. I’ll open the window.
8. We don’t have any milk. H. I’ll turn off the music.
I. I’ll get you a glass of
water.
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Conversation

Listen and practice

A: What will you do tonight?

B: Nothing much. I will be at home and probably watch TV.
A: Let’s go out for dinner then.
B: That’s a good idea.
A: I will pick you up at 8.
B: I will be ready.
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BE GOING TO
We use be going to to talk about something we have decided to do (an
intention). David intends to climb up the ladder.

+ Affirmative form

Subject + verb to be + going to + verb in + complement

base form

I am
He / she / it is going to watch the next programme.
We / you / they are
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Negative form

Subject + verb to be + not + going to + verb in + complement

base form

I am
He / she / it is not going to watch the next programme.
We / you / they are

? Interrogative form

Verb to be + subject + going to + verb in + complement?

base form

Am I
Is he/ she / it going to watch the next programme?
Are we / you / they

✓ x
Yes, I am No, I am not
He /she / it is he / she / it is not
we / you / they are we / you / they are not

✓ We use be going to:

• When we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in

the future (future plans and intentions).

✓ A: There is a movie on television tonight. Are you going

to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to make it an early
night.
✓ A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going
to do with it?
B: I have heard she is going to travel around the world.
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• We also use be going to + base form to make a prediction when

we know or can see that something is going to happen.

✓ My sister is going to have a baby in March.

✓ It’s 8:30! We are going to be late!
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Exercises

I. Complete the sentences with going to + a verb.

buy not work clean invite rain

look for not pass visit watch ride

For example: What movie are you going to see tonight?

1. A: Have you got any plans for tomorrow?

B: Yes, I ______________ my grandparents.

2. A: Look at the clouds.

B: It ________________.

3. I ______________ the windows.

4. Lucy ________________ a new computer.

5. My father ________________ next Friday.

6. Peter ______________ all his friends to his birthday party.

7. Sandra doesn’t like her new boss. She _________________ a new job.

8. Vanessa didn’t study hard. She __________________ her exams.

9. I ___________________ the foofball match on TV.

10. The children __________________ their bicycles.

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II. Look at the pictures and say what is going to happen.

Use these verbs: have, buy, play, drink.

Use these objects: soccer, a new tie, a baby, some coffee.

1 2 3 4

1. He is going to buy a new tie …………………………

2. She ………………………………………………………….
3. He …………………………………………………………..
4. They ………………………………………………………..

III. Make sentences with be going to.

For example: Tony / read / the book.

Tony is going to read the book.

1. Tom and his father / fish / in the river next week.

_________________________________________________

2. My sister / take / a photo of her friends.

_________________________________________________

3. We / invite / many people to our party.

_________________________________________________
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4. It / be / a hot and sunny day.

__________________________________________________

5. she / watch / television?

__________________________________________________

6. They / buy / a new laptop.

__________________________________________________

7. What / you / do / this weekend?

___________________________________________________

8. He / get married?

___________________________________________________

9. The girls / buy / some food for the party.

___________________________________________________

10. We / play / soccer tomorrow.

___________________________________________________
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Conversation

LISTEN AND PRACTICE.

A: What are you going to do today?

B: I am going to the library.
A: Are you going to the library this morning?
B: Yes, I am going there right now.
A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: I am going to my English class.
A: I see. Don’t forget your English book over there.
B: My English book? Oh, yes. Thanks for reminding me!
A: You are welcome!

Will and be going to
1. Introduction
WILL
Will has a neutral meaning. We use it
to talk about facts in the future.
I’ll be twenty next Friday.
The spacecraft will come down in
the Pacific Ocean tomorrow morning.
2. Decisions and intentions
WILL
We use will for an instant decision
or agreement to do something.
There is a postbox over there. I’ll
post these letters.
A: You still haven’t put those shelves
up, Trevor.
B: OK, I’ll do it tomorrow.
Trevor is deciding now.
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BE GOING TO
We use be going to for an
intention, something we
have already decided to do
We are going to have a meal.
Tom is going to sell his car.
BE GOING TO
Be going to means that we have
already decided.
I’m going out. I’m going to post
these letters.
A: You still haven’t put those
shelves up, Trevor.
B: I know. I’m going to do it
tomorrow.
Trevor has already decided.
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3. Predictions

WILL BE GOING TO

We can use will for a prediction We use be going to for a

about the future. prediction when we see from
the present situation what is
going to happen in the future.

I think United States will win There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It’s
the game. going to be a lovely day.
One day people will travel to This bag isn’t very strong. It’s
Mars. going to break.
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THE PRESENT PERFECT

The Present Perfect tell us about the past and the present.
The aircraft has landed means that the aircraft is on the ground now.

We have

They

You + verb in past + complement

participle
He

She has

It
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❖ IRREGULAR VERBS: ❖ REGULAR VERBS

✓ Make Made ✓ Wash Washed

✓ Write Written ✓ Dance Danced

✓ Have Had ✓ Try Tried

✓ Think Thought ✓ Stop Stopped

✓ Be Been ✓ Travel Traveled

2. Form

+ Affirmative form

Subject + auxiliary + verb in past + complement

participle

I/ we / you / they have seen that movie.

he / she / it has

Negative form

Subject + auxiliary + not + verb in past + complement

participle

I/ we / you / they have not seen that movie.

he / she / it has not
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? Interrogative form

Auxiliary + subject + verb in past + complement?

participle

Have I / you / we / they seen that movie?

Has he / she / it

✓ x
Yes, I /you / we/they have No, I /you/ we / they haven’t
he / she / it has he/ she /it hasn’t

3. We use the present perfect:

✓ When we see things as happening in the past but having s result in the
present.

• We have washed the dishes. (They are clean now.)

• We have eaten the eggs. (There aren’t any left)
• You have broken this watch. (It isn’t working.)

✓ When we talk or ask about things that have happened in the past, but we
don’t know when.

• A: Have you seen his new movie?

B: Yes, I have seen all his movies.

✓ With ever (=at any time in your life) and never (=at no time in your life)

• Have you ever read a Russian novel?

• Sarah has never worked in a big company.

✓ To talk about something that has recently happened.

• Have you finished the exercise?

• Your parents have arrived. They are in the living room.
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EXERCISES

I. Write +, - and ? sentences in the present perfect.

For example: I /go/to the supermarket
I have gone to the supermarket_______________________

a) She /not / read the book.

_________________________________________________________

b) You / wash / the dishes.

_________________________________________________________

c) We / do / the housework.
_________________________________________________________

d) He / be / sick.
_________________________________________________________

e) They / not / eat / Japanese food before.

_________________________________________________________

f) I / forget / your name.

_________________________________________________________

g) My boyfriend / wear / his new shirt.

_________________________________________________________

h) you / speak / to your boss?

_________________________________________________________

i) They / not / do / their homework.

_________________________________________________________

j) your brother / work / in New York?

_________________________________________________________
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II. Complete with the verb in the Present Perfect.

For example: Have you done the grocery shopping today? (do)

1. The children _____________ their homework, so now they are playing

football in the park. (do)
2. The cat ____________ all the food. (eat)
3. I ________________ this exercise. (not finish)
4. We __________________ different sports at school. (play)
5. _______ you __________ the lottery? (win)
6. No, Sandra and Lucy _____________. They are not here. (not arrive)
7. She is really hungry because she ______________. (not eat)
8. Oh no! I ____________ my cell phone! (lose)
9. _______ you ever ________ a poem? (write)
10. My sister _______________ to the gym. She will be back in an
hour. (go)

III. Write a sentence in the present perfect for each picture, Use
the verbs in the box.

break buy fall go read win

1 2

3 4 5
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They have won the cup.

1. ______________________ his leg.
2. ______________________ to the beach.
3. ______________________ off his motorcycle.
4. ______________________ the newspaper.
5. ______________________ a new car.
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CONVERSATION

Listen and practice.

A: Hi, honey. I’m home.

B: Hi, Mom.
A: Have you walked the dog?
B: Yes, Mom. Of course I have walked the dog. And I have cleaned the
kitchen.
A: And have you done your homework?
B: Mom! I have been busy walking the dog and cleaning the kitchen. I
haven’t had time.
A: Sorry, honey. It’s just I have had a long day myself.
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FOR AND SINCE

1. We use for when we say the period of time.

For one minute. For two hours.

For two weeks. For five months.

For 12 years. For a long time.

Examples:

- She has lived here for twenty years.

- Alice has been married for three months.

2. We use since when we say the beginning of the period.

Since 10 o´clock. Since July.

Since Monday. Since 2016.

Since I was born Since this morning.

Since your birthday. Since you called.

Examples:

- She has lived here since 2016.

- Alice has been married since 2019.
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EXERCISES

I. PUT THE PHRASES IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.

FOR SINCE

April last month yesterday a week

six months September we arrived two years
8 o´clock May 12 this morning I left school
several times three days five years Monday
2021 Christmas one hour three years
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II. Complete the sentence with for or since.

1. Maria has been sick ________ three days.

2. We have watched TV _________ five years.
3. I have been in France _________ three weeks.
4. He has had his new car _________ July.
5. Those people have been at the hotel ________ Friday.
6. The store has been closed _________ last Monday.
7. She has not visited us ________ May.
8. I have been an English teacher _______ six years.
9. Some students have lived in this city _________ they started the career.
10. Oh my God! I’m so happy to see you! I haven’t seen you _______
2010.

III. Write sentences with the Present Perfect and for and since.

➢ He / be /at this computer/six hours He has been at this

computer for six hours.

1. I / have / cold / a week. __________________________

2. She / not /see / her friends/ two weeks. __________________________
3. He / not / do / his homework / last week. _________________________
4. We / live / in Peru / December. __________________________
5. I / wait / here / an hour. __________________________