MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 : Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia?

A : Delusions and hallucinations
B : Inappropriate emotions
C : Disorganized speech and behavior
D : All of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

2 : Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for patients with
schizophrenia?
A : About 50% of people diagnosed with the disorder eventually recover.
B : Recovery is possible only if the person stays on medication.
C : Recovery is possible only if the patient receives psychotherapy.
D : Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

Correct Answer : D

3 : According to statistical data the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ____%.

A : 0.01
B:1
C:5
D : 10

Correct Answer : B

4 : In the 1800s, physicians studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia used the term
________ because they observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.
A : adolescent insanity
B : folie à deux
C : catatonia previa
D : dementia praecox

Correct Answer : D

5 : Which of the following is the definition of catatonia?

A : Silly and immature behavior Hebrephrenia
B : Early madness
C : Immobility or agitated excitement
D : Delusions of grandeur or persecution Paranoia

Correct Answer : C

6 : Which of the following is the part of Kraepelins definition of paranoia?

A : Silly and immature behavior
B : Early madness
C : Alternating immobility and agitated excitement Catatonia
D : Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Correct Answer : D

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7 : Which of the following is the definition for hebephrenia?
A : Silly and immature behavior
B : Early madness
C : Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D : Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Correct Answer : A

8 : Which of the following is the definition of dementia praecox?

A : Silly and immature behavior
B : Premature loss of mind
C : Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D : Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Correct Answer : B

9 : In the late 1800s, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin made all of the following
contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia EXCEPT
A : distinguished dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.
B : noted that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox
(schizophrenia).
C : combined several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually
been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
D : conceptualized a treatment for patients with schizophrenia that is still being used today.

Correct Answer : D

10 : The term schizophrenia was introduced in about 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named
A : Emil Kraepelin.
B : Sigmund Freud.
C : Eugen Bleuler.
D : Phillipe Pinel.

Correct Answer : C

11 : Eugen Bleulers concept of schizophrenia as an associative splitting of the basic functions of

personality led to the incorrect use of the term to mean
A : a fugue state.
B : multiple personality.
C : cognitive slippage.
D : folie à deux.

Correct Answer : B

12 : If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, it usually means that the person has

A : hallucinations.
B : delusions.
C : both of these are correct
D : neither of these are correct

Correct Answer : C

13 : In the textbook case of Arthur, he said that he had a secret plan to save all the starving
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children in the world. After Arthur showed other bizarre behavior and said he was going to climb
the fence of a government building, his parents tried to have him admitted to a psychiatric
hospital. They were not able to do that because
A : he was not considered a danger to himself or others.
B : he was given medication, instead, to calm him down.
C : the hospital staff didnt believe his parents.
D : his behavior was due to a substance abuse problem.

Correct Answer : A

14 : Of the following groups of people, which is most likely to commit violent crimes?
A : Individuals with schizophrenia
B : Individuals with traits such as anger and antisocial personality
C : Healthy individuals
D : They are all equally likely to be violent

Correct Answer : B

15 : How were the majority of characters with schizophrenia in English language movies
between 1990 and 2010 portrayed?
A : Depressed and lonely
B : Codependent and depressed
C : Violent, murderous, and suicidal
D : Needy, loving, and helpless

Correct Answer : C

16 : Which of the following is the persecutory type of psychotic delusion?

A : A familiar person is actually a double. capgrass syndrome
B : You are a famous or important person. delusion of grandeur
C : People are out to get you.
D : A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Correct Answer : C

17 : Which of the following psychotic delusions defines Capgras syndrome?

A : A familiar person is actually a double.
B : You are a famous or important person.
C : People are out to get you.
D : A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Correct Answer : A

18 : Antoinette believes that her brother is not really her brother and that he has, in fact, been
replaced by a double. This is known as _______________ syndrome.
A : Capgras
B : Cotard person believes they are dead
C : Barlow
D : Durand

Correct Answer : A

19 : Which of the following describes a delusion of grandeur?

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A : A familiar person is actually a double.
B : You are a famous or important person.
C : People are out to get you.
D : A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Correct Answer : B

20 : Which of the following defines Cotard syndrome?

A : A familiar person is actually a double.
B : You are a famous or important person.
C : People are out to get you.
D : One is actually dead.

Correct Answer : D

21 : The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is

A : visual.
B : auditory.
C : tactile.
D : olfactory.

Correct Answer : B

22 : People who experience hallucinations appear to have intrusive thoughts, but they believe
they are coming from somewhere or someone else. They then engage in
A : denial that they are having these thoughts.
B : meta-worry that leads to increased anxiety and depression symptoms.
C : behaviors that distract them from these thoughts.
D : efforts to seek help through counseling.

Correct Answer : B

23 : Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of
the brain called
A : Wernickes area.
B : Brocas area.
C : the occipital lobe.
D : the limbic system.

Correct Answer : B

24 : Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive
speech area of the brain suggest that
A : these hallucinations are produced by the auditory nerve in the ear as well as the speech
area of the brain.
B : people who are hallucinating think the voices of other people are actually their own.
C : a person who is hallucinating is actually listening to his or her own thoughts.
D : these hallucinations are related to the disorganized speech that occurs in schizophrenia.

Correct Answer : C

25 : The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as

A : inability to initiate and persist in activities.
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B : inability to experience pleasure.
C : lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D : lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Correct Answer : A

26 : The negative symptom of schizophrenia called alogia is defined as

A : inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B : inability to experience pleasure.
C : lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D : lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Correct Answer : D

27 : Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms. An obvious one was his lack of
speech content and slowed speech response. This symptom is called
A : anhedonia.
B : avolition.
C : clanging.
D : alogia.

Correct Answer : D

28 : The negative symptom of schizophrenia called anhedonia is defined as

A : inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B : inability to experience pleasure.
C : lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D : lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Correct Answer : B

29 : The negative symptom of schizophrenia that entails a lack of interest in social interactions
is called
A : social ineptitude.
B : asociality.
C : agoraphobia.
D : antisocial disorder.

Correct Answer : B

30 : Which of the following negative symptoms of schizophrenia defines flat affect?

A : Inability to initiate and persist in activities
B : Inability to experience pleasure
C : Lack of emotional response, and a blank facial expression
D : Lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response

Correct Answer : C

31 : A research study involving adults with schizophrenia looked at their facial expressions in
home movies taken when they were children. The researchers were trying to determine if the
development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited
emotional reactions. This research study focused on the negative symptom called
A : alogia.
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B : affective flattening.
C : associative splitting.
D : emotional effect syndrome.

Correct Answer : B

32 : According to research, a person with schizophrenia who exhibits flat affect

A : is incapable of experiencing emotion.
B : can display emotion at certain times.
C : is capable of experiencing emotion.
D : none of these are correct

Correct Answer : C

33 : Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been
exhibiting some bizarre behaviors. For example, he has been standing for hours in unusual
postures. Marks motor dysfunction is called
A : cognitive slippage.
B : inappropriate affect.
C : catatonic immobility.
D : hebephrenia.

Correct Answer : C

34 : Which of the following is an environmental influence that seems to contribute to the

development of schizophrenia?
A : Exposure to environmental infection
B : Pregnancy complications
C : Birth delivery complications
D : All of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

35 : Marta, a hospitalized patient with schizophrenia, shows an unusual form of catatonia. If

someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position, it just stays that way. Martas
bizarre behavior is called
A : postural dysfunction.
B : waxy flexibility.
C : aerobic immobility.
D : schizophrenic movement disorder.

Correct Answer : B

36 : Which of the following symptoms, though common in schizophrenia, is NOT required for a
formal diagnosis of the disorder?
A : Lack of insight
B : Disorganized speech
C : Hallucinations
D : Delusions

Correct Answer : A

37 : The deficit view of delusions theory posits that delusions

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A : are caused by a deficit of emotion.
B : are caused by a deficit of social support.
C : result from brain dysfunction.
D : result from personality deficits.

Correct Answer : C

38 : The motivational view of delusions theory posits that delusions

A : are attempts to deal with anxiety.
B : are attempts to deal with social isolation.
C : motivate erratic behavior.
D : motivate the misinterpretation of symptoms.

Correct Answer : A

39 : Between ___% and ____% of people with schizophrenia experience positive symptoms.
A : 55; 65
B : 65; 75
C : 50; 70
D : 80; 100.

Correct Answer : C

40 : DSM-5 includes a dimensional assessment that rates the severity of the individuals
symptoms on a
A : 0 to 4 scale.
B : 0 to 10 scale.
C : 1 to 100 scale.
D : 10 to +10 scale.

Correct Answer : A

41 : Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to
schizophrenia symptoms, she also has symptoms of
A : an anxiety disorder.
B : a mood disorder.
C : a split personality.
D : obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Correct Answer : B

42 : In which of the following disorders is found in two different areas of the DSM-5?
A : Schizotypal personality disorder
B : Schizoaffective disorder
C : Schizophreniform disorder
D : Brief psychotic disorder

Correct Answer : A

43 : At various times, individuals have been arrested for stalking celebrities who they believed
were in love with them. This condition is called a(n) ________ delusion.
A : jealous
B : erotomanic
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C : somatic
D : persecutory

Correct Answer : B

44 : A woman diagnosed with schizophrenia announces that she has a plan to end poverty and
homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can
be accomplished. Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of
A : persecution.
B : thought insertion. thoughts are not their own, implanted by someone
C : grandeur.
D : reference. unrelated occurrences are significant to them

Correct Answer : C

45 : James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world, and seems
somewhat eccentric to others. Suddenly, he believes his dead mother is nearby. He
experiences this delusion off and on for a week. After a week passes, he no longer believes his
dead mother is nearby. James probably would be diagnosed with
A : schizoaffective disorder.
B : schizotypal personality disorder.
C : schizoid personality disorder.
D : brief psychotic disorder.

Correct Answer : D

46 : DSM-5 is proposing a potentially new psychotic disorder for further study called
A : schizoaffective disorder.
B : schizotypal personality disorder.
C : attenuated psychosis syndrome.
D : brief psychotic disorder.

Correct Answer : C

47 : Which of the following defines the jealous type of delusional disorder?

A : Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B : Falsely believing that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
C : Believing in ones inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D : Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Correct Answer : B

48 : Which of the following defines the erotomanic type of delusional disorder?

A : Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B : Falsely believing that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
C : Believing in ones inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D : Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Correct Answer : A

49 : Which of the following defines the persecutory type of delusional disorder?

A : Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B : Falsely believing that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
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C : Believing in ones inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D : Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Correct Answer : D

50 : Which of the following defines the grandiose type of delusional disorder?

A : Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B : Falsely believing that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
C : Believing in ones inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D : Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Correct Answer : C

51 : The case of Arthur (described in your textbook), who suddenly experienced the delusion
that he could save all the starving children in the world with a secret plan, but whose symptoms
lasted only a few days, was diagnosed with
A : schizotypal personality disorder.
B : folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder).
C : brief psychotic disorder.
D : cocaine abuse.

Correct Answer : C

52 : Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes
she is Cinderella. It appears that the two are suffering from
A : schizoaffective disorder.
B : shizotypal disorder.
C : schizophreniform disorder.
D : folie à deux.

Correct Answer : D

53 : Attenuated psychosis syndrome is described as

A : starting to develop hallucinations or delusions and seeking help from mental health
professionals.
B : paying great attention to developing hallucinations or delusions.
C : ignoring developing hallucinations or delusions.
D : None of these are correct

Correct Answer : A

54 : The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance
must be less than
A : one day.
B : one week.
C : one month.
D : six months.

Correct Answer : C

55 : Schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms that include all of the following
EXCEPT
A : an inability to initiate and persist in activities.
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B : flat affect.
C : poverty of speech (alogia).
D : hallucinations and delusions.

Correct Answer : D

56 : Which of the following defines the somatic type of delusional disorder?

A : Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B : Falsely believing that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
C : Believing one is afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition
D : Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Correct Answer : C

57 : Schizophrenia is associated with positive symptoms that include

A : hallucinations and delusions.
B : good mood.
C : avolition.
D : catatonia.

Correct Answer : A

58 : In working with schizophrenic patients, mental health professionals typically distinguish

between ________ symptoms (an excess or distortion of normal behavior) and ________
symptoms (deficits in normal behavior).
A : positive; negative
B : negative; positive
C : manic; depressive
D : dysmorphic; dysfunctional

Correct Answer : A

59 : Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding statistical data on schizophrenia?

A : The lifetime prevalence rate is 1%.
B : Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents.
C : Men with schizophrenia have a better prognosis than women with schizophrenia.
D : More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life.

Correct Answer : C

60 : In the United States, proportionately _______ African Americans receive the diagnosis of
schizophrenia than ___________.
A : more; Latinos
B : less; Caucasians
C : more; Caucasians
D : less; Latinos

Correct Answer : C

61 : Up to ___________% of people who later develop schizophrenia go through a prodromal

stage.
A : 65
B : 75
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C : 85
D : 95

Correct Answer : C

62 : The Genain quadruplets Nora, Iris, Myra, and Hester showed us that
A : the course, symptoms, and prognosis of schizophrenia can vary even among quadruplets
raised in the same household.
B : the course, symptoms, and prognosis of schizophrenia can be determined by birth weight.
C : schizophrenia is almost entirely genetic in its etiology.
D : having the same family environment largely ensures the same outcome in schizophrenia.

Correct Answer : A

63 : Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that

A : an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50%) of
developing schizophrenia.
B : in family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the
environmental impact.
C : if one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia, for example, paranoid,
the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.
D : the more severe a parents schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children are to develop
it.

Correct Answer : A

64 : The famous case of the Genain sisters, identical quadruplets all diagnosed with
schizophrenia, points out that siblings raised in the same household may experience their
environment very differently, a concept called a(n)
A : variable home structure.
B : unshared environment.
C : environmental phenomenon.
D : unique perceptive interpretation.

Correct Answer : B

65 : An ongoing research study in Finland is focusing on children of mothers with schizophrenia

who were adopted into other families. To date, researchers have determined that ____% of
these children have developed schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
A:1
B:5
C : 10
D : 25

Correct Answer : B

66 : Given the research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins, all of the following are
accurate statements EXCEPT that
A : the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17%) of having the disorder as
the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B : the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2% risk of having the disorder.
C : a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic
predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
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D : an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a carrier.

Correct Answer : C

67 : In which of the following situations would the risk of developing schizophrenia be the lowest
for a child?
A : A childs schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B : A childs non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic identical twin.
C : A childs schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin.
D : A childs non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic fraternal twin.

Correct Answer : D

68 : Endophenotyping refers to looking for

A : a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia.
B : basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder.
C : basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia.
D : all of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

69 : Based on the various genetic linkage and association studies, one possible marker for
schizophrenia involves
A : eye-tracking.
B : dopamine sites.
C : unusual facial features.
D : blood type.

Correct Answer : A

70 : When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia in
correlational research, it is important to keep certain questions in mind. For example, if a person
with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine, a researcher would need to ask
all of the following questions EXCEPT:
A : Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?
B : Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?
C : Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
D : Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?

Correct Answer : D

71 : Which of the following statements reflects circumstantial evidence for the dopamine theory
of schizophrenia?
A : Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of
dopamine in the brain.
B : Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinsons
disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
C : The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients
with Parkinsons disease.
D : Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with
schizophrenia.

Correct Answer : B
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72 : Which of the following is true regarding the ways that drugs affect neurotransmitters?
A : A drug that is an agonist occupies the receptor sites, blocking the neurotransmitter.
B : A drug that is an antagonist helps increase the release of the neurotransmitter.
C : Both a and b
D : Neither a nor b

Correct Answer : D

73 : Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?
A : Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
B : Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.
C : Both a and b
D : Neither a nor b

Correct Answer : C

74 : Which medication helps reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia but is a weak dopamine
antagonist?
A : Chlorpromazine
B : Thorazine
C : Olanzapine
D : Neither a nor b

Correct Answer : C

75 : Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried
to pull away Manuella would say, Dont you love me anymore? This is an example of
A : a schizophrenogenic mother.
B : double-bind communication.
C : expressed emotion.
D : none of these are correct

Correct Answer : B

76 : Which of the following statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A : Many people with schizophrenia are not helped by dopamine antagonists.
B : Clozapine, one of the weakest dopamine antagonists, reduces schizophrenic symptoms in
those patients who were not helped by stronger dopamine antagonists.
C : Both of these statements contradict the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.
D : Neither of these statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.

Correct Answer : C

77 : Recent and highly sophisticated research focusing on neurochemical abnormalities as the

cause of schizophrenia involves all of the following EXCEPT
A : deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors.
B : excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors.
C : alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmissions.
D : changes in temporal lobe function associated with serotonin receptor activity.

Correct Answer : D

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78 : Scientists can observe how the newer antipsychotic medications work in the living brain of a
patient with schizophrenia by using brain imaging techniques such as
A : the CT scan.
B : MRI.
C : an X-ray.
D : SPECT.

Correct Answer : D

79 : What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of patients with schizophrenia?
A : All patients with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles in their brains.
B : In some patients with schizophrenia, there is an excess amount of gray matter in the
cerebral cortex.
C : The majority of patients with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles in their brains.
D : Many patients with schizophrenia have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.

Correct Answer : C

80 : Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of

countries. An explanation for this is
A : people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
B : it may be the result of misdiagnosis.
C : the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.
D : all of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

81 : Recent research into the causes of schizophrenia, including studies of patients with
schizophrenia who had been exposed prenatally to influenza epidemics, suggests that there
might be a ________ cause of schizophrenia.
A : viral
B : bacterial
C : both a and b
D : neither a nor b

Correct Answer : A

82 : Which of the following statements is true?

A : A cold, dominant, and rejecting mother causes schizophrenia.
B : A communication style that produces conflicting messages cause schizophrenia.
C : High expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among patients with
chronic schizophrenia.
D : None of these are correct

Correct Answer : C

83 : Though no longer used, the word schizophrenogenic was first proposed in the 1940s to
describe
A : an abusive and alcoholic father whose child became schizophrenic.
B : an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic.
C : divorced parents who had several psychotic children.
D : a family in which relatives on both sides were psychotic.

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Correct Answer : B

84 : In terms of a particular emotional communication style known as expressed emotion,

researchers have shown that patients with schizophrenia were more likely to relapse if
A : they had long periods of contact with their families.
B : they had families who were disapproving and intrusive.
C : both a and b
D : neither a nor b

Correct Answer : C

85 : Regarding cultural differences in expressed emotion, which is thought to be positively

correlated with schizophrenia, research has found that ________ families have the highest
percentage of expressed emotion.
A : Indian
B : Mexican
C : British
D : Anglo-American

Correct Answer : D

86 : The familial communication style called expressed emotion, sometimes used to predict
relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia, includes all of the following EXCEPT
A : overinvolvement.
B : criticism.
C : emotional distance.
D : hostility.

Correct Answer : C

87 : A treatment used in the 1930s for schizophrenia but now used primarily to treat severe
depression is
A : electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
B : prefrontal lobotomy.
C : insulin coma therapy.
D : psychosurgery.

Correct Answer : A

88 : Which of the following statements is true?

A : Recent research demonstrated that many people are helped by antipsychotic drugs.
B : Recent research indicates that many people no longer experience unpleasant side effects.
C : Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective
than the older drugs.
D : Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were better tolerated
than the older drugs.

Correct Answer : C

89 : In the 1950s, several drugs provided the first hope that schizophrenia is treatable. They
were called
A : anticonvulsants.
B : antipsychotics.
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C : antibiotics.
D : neuroleptics.

Correct Answer : D

90 : During the 1990s, a new type of antipsychotic medication became available to treat patients
with schizophrenia who were not helped by conventional antipsychotic medications or who had
developed unpleasant side effects. These new antipsychotic medications include all of the
following EXCEPT
A : Thorazine (chlorpromazine).
B : Clozaril (clozapine).
C : Risperdal (risperidone).
D : Zyprexa (olanzapine).

Correct Answer : A

91 : Which of the following is NOT one of the typical minor side effects of antipsychotic
medications?
A : Grogginess
B : Blurred vision
C : Headaches
D : Dryness of the mouth

Correct Answer : C

92 : Extrapyramidal symptoms, serious side effects of antipsychotic medications that occur in

some patients with schizophrenia, are similar to the symptoms of
A : Alzheimers disease.
B : Parkinsons disease.
C : multiple sclerosis.
D : leukemia.

Correct Answer : B

93 : Tardive dyskinesia, a severe side effect of antipsychotic medications, includes all of the
following involuntary movements EXCEPT
A : chewing.
B : puffing of the cheeks.
C : tongue protrusion.
D : grinding of the teeth.

Correct Answer : D

94 : Patients with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications sometimes develop severe
side effects such as akinesia, a Parkinsonian symptom that includes all of the following
EXCEPT
A : hand tremors.
B : finger tremors.
C : slowed movements.
D : monotonous speech.

Correct Answer : A

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95 : Mr. S is experiencing anhedonia, alogia, and episodes of catatonic immobility. What type of
symptoms of schizophrenia is he struggling with?
A : Positive
B : Negative
C : disorganized
D : combined

Correct Answer : B

96 : All of the following factors seem to be related to patients noncompliance with medication
EXCEPT
A : negative patientdoctor relationship.
B : cost of medication.
C : comorbidity.
D : negative side effects.

Correct Answer : C

97 : Which of the following statements is true?

A : Some people respond well to the newer antipsychotic drugs.
B : The newer antipsychotic drugs show promise for helping patients who were previously
unresponsive to medications.
C : Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective
than the older drugs.
D : All of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

98 : One of the ways of improving patient compliance with regard to taking antipsychotic
medication involves the use of
A : injections.
B : skin patches.
C : pills.
D : liquids.

Correct Answer : A

99 : Ms. C is hearing voices from Satan, who gives her instructions for committing sins, and she
is convinced that others know about her special relationship with him. What type of symptoms of
schizophrenia is she struggling with?
A : Positive
B : Negative
C : Disorganized
D : Combined

Correct Answer : A

100 : In the 1970s, researchers set up a treatment system called a token economy in a mental
health center. This type of milieu treatment for patients with schizophrenia focused on
A : language and speech.
B : socialization and self-care skills.
C : educational studies.
D : spiritual and religious development.
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Correct Answer : B

101 : A token economy is an incentive system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia
A : earn tokens for appropriate behavior.
B : lose tokens for disruptive behavior.
C : both of these
D : neither of these

Correct Answer : C

102 : The 1970s experiment in which behavioral (or social learning) principles were applied to a
traditional inpatient environment in the form of a token economy resulted in
A : more patients able to be discharged.
B : fewer patients able to be discharged.
C : more patients recovering from schizophrenia.
D : fewer patients recovering from schizophrenia.

Correct Answer : A

103 : In the latter half of the 20th century, the routine institutionalization of patients with
schizophrenia was significantly reduced because of
A : the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.
B : court rulings limiting involuntary hospitalization.
C : both a and b
D : neither a nor b

Correct Answer : C

104 : Since the latter half of the 20th century, the policy of deinstitutionalization (time-limited
hospital stays for psychotic patients) has resulted in
A : more patients remaining hospitalized.
B : former patients becoming productive members of the community.
C : many former patients becoming homeless.
D : greater patient compliance regarding medication.

Correct Answer : C

105 : The number of homeless people with mental disorders is estimated to be between
A : 0 and 100,000.
B : 100,000 and 200,000.
C : 200,000 and 300,000.
D : 300,000 and 400,000.

Correct Answer : B

106 : Some patients with schizophrenia are helped to function better in the community via
independent living skills programs that teach them all of the following EXCEPT
A : medication management.
B : how to identify signs that warn of a relapse.
C : how to maintain eye contact when interacting with others.
D : how to help others who are mentally ill.

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Correct Answer : D

107 : Mr. P is laughing uncontrollably after hearing the news of his sisters death, and his
laughter is punctuated by rapid and off-topic speech. What type of symptoms of schizophrenia
is he struggling with?
A : Positive
B : Negative
C : Disorganized
D : Combined

Correct Answer : C

108 : Social skills training programs for patients with schizophrenia have been
A : very successful.
B : not at all successful.
C : somewhat successful while the program is in effect.
D : only successful when the patient is on medication.

Correct Answer : C

109 : Recently, treatment for people with schizophrenia has expanded to include self-help and
self-advocacy groups. These psychosocial clubs
A : provide a person-centered approach.
B : focus on getting positive experiences through employment opportunities.
C : provide friendship and empowerment.
D : all of these are correct

Correct Answer : D

110 : Which of the following is NOT recommended as a helpful addition to biological treatment
for schizophrenia?
A : Social skills training
B : Family intervention
C : High levels of expressed emotion
D : Programs in vocational rehabilitation

Correct Answer : C

111 : The assertive community treatment (ACT) program grew out of work by researches in
A : Madison, WI
B : Washington, DC
C : Savannah, GA
D : New York, NY

Correct Answer : A

112 : Psychosocial clubs or clubhouses for patients with schizophrenia have been formed as a
part of some rehabilitation programs. Research indicates that participation in these clubs may
help prevent relapses. However, it is difficult to interpret the improvement in these patients
because
A : some patients are on medication and some arent.
B : only the most psychotic patients participate.
C : patients who participate may be significantly different from those who dont.
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D : a significant number of patients drop out before completing the program.

Correct Answer : C

113 : One explanation for the differences between the Genain sisters in their experience of
schizophrenia is
A : the deterioration of the uteral environment.
B : de novo mutations in the fertilized egg or germ cells.
C : birth order.
D : being raised in different households.

Correct Answer : B

114 : The Chinese rely on more on ______________________ medicine to treat schizophrenia.

A : agonistic
B : antagonistic
C : alternative
D : advanced forms of experimental

Correct Answer : C

ESSAY
115 : Discuss the characteristics of attenuated psychosis syndrome and explain why it is a
proposed disorder.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Some individuals who start to develop psychotic symptoms
such as hallucinations or delusions are often sufficiently distressed to seek help from mental
health professionals. They can be at high risk for developing schizophrenia and may be at an
early stage of the disorder (called prodromal). Although they may not meet the full criteria for
schizophrenia, they may be good candidates for early intervention in an effort to prevent
symptoms from worsening. To focus attention on these individuals, DSM-5 proposes that APS
be studied further. Further study can lead to the development of a body of evidence to support
the entrance of APS into the DSM.

116 : Explain why the common misconception that schizophrenia means split personality is not
correct.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Schizophrenia, which comes from the combination of the
Greek words for “split” (skhizein) and “mind” (phren), reflected beliefs that underlying all the
unusual behaviors shown by people with this disorder is an associative splitting of the basic
functions of personality. This concept emphasized the “breaking of associative threads,” or the
destruction of the forces that connect one function to the next. Unfortunately, the concept of
“split mind” inspired the common but incorrect use of the term schizophrenia to mean split or
multiple personality.

117 : Describe some of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Explain what is
meant by these terms and how they relate to prognosis and outcome.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: The positive symptoms of schizophrenia involve the active
manifestations of abnormal behavior including delusions and hallucinations, inappropriate

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affect, and formal thought disorders. Negative symptoms usually indicate the absence or
insufficiency of normal behavior such as disorganized speech, avolition, and affective flattening.
A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires that two or more positive, negative, and/or disorganized
symptoms be present for at least one month.People with schizophrenia have a poorer prognosis
than those with most of the other disorders—including a high risk of suicide—although a
significant number of individuals can experience long periods of recovery. Treatment typically
involves antipsychotic drugs that are usually administered with a variety of psychosocial
treatments, with the goal of reducing relapse and improving skills in deficits and compliance in
taking the medications. The effectiveness of treatment is limited, because schizophrenia is
typically a chronic disorder.

118 : Compare some major ways that the historical subtypes of schizophrenia can present
(paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated, residual) in terms of symptoms, treatment,
and prognosis.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions

and hallucinations that have a theme, typically of grandeur or persecution. They usually do not
show disorganized speech or flat affect, and have a better prognosis than people with other
forms of schizophrenia.People with catatonic-type schizophrenia show unusual motor
responses, including remaining in fixed positions and engaging in excessive activity, as well as
odd facial and physical mannerisms. They may also mimic speech.Disorganized schizophrenia
is marked by disruption in speech and behavior, inappropriate or flat affect, and self-absorption.
If delusions or hallucinations occur, they are unorganized and fragmented. This subtype is often
chronic and less likely to go into remission.Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia includes people
who have the major symptoms of schizophrenia but do not meet the criteria for the other
types.Residual-type schizophrenia refers to people who have had at least one episode of
schizophrenia but who no longer manifest major symptoms of the disease.

119 : Compare schizophrenia and the other psychotic disorders (schizophreniform,

schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, folie à deux, brief psychotic disorder) in terms of
symptoms, duration, and outcome.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Some people may experience the symptoms of
schizophrenia for a very short duration (less than one month). This is brief psychotic disorder.
People with schizoaffective disorder display the symptoms of both schizophrenia and the mood
disorders. The prognosis is similar to the prognosis for people with schizophrenia—that is,
individuals tend not to get better on their own and are likely to continue experiencing major life
difficulties for many years.Delusional disorder is a persistent belief that is contrary to reality. It
can take several forms. The erotomanic type is the irrational belief that one is loved by another
person, usually of higher status or famous. The grandiose type involves believing in one’s
inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person.
The persecutory type involves believing oneself is being malevolently treated in some way. And
the somatic type involves the person feeling afflicted by a physical defect or general medical
condition.Shared psychotic disorder is the condition in which an individual develops delusions
as the result of a close relationship with a delusional individual. The content and nature of the
delusion originate with the partner and can range from the relatively bizarre, such as believing
enemies are sending harmful gamma rays through your house, to the fairly ordinary, such as
believing you are about to receive a major promotion despite evidence to the contrary.

120 : Discuss treatment of the mentally ill. Include shock therapies, psychosurgical procedures,
and antipsychotic medications.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: What do you do for someone who has delusions, hears his
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dead uncle’s voice, or can’t communicate complete thoughts? The search for help has taken
many paths, sometimes down some disturbing roads; for example, in the 1500s, primitive
surgery was conducted to remove the “stone of madness,” which was thought to cause
disturbed behavior. As barbaric as this practice may seem today, it is not different from the
prefrontal lobotomies performed on people with schizophrenia as late as the 1950s. This
procedure severed the frontal lobes from the lower portion of the brain, which sometimes
calmed the patient but also caused cognitive and emotional deficits.Psychosurgery, including
prefrontal lobotomies, was introduced in the late 1930s, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
was advanced as a treatment for schizophrenia at the same time. As with earlier drastic
treatments, initial enthusiasm for ECT faded because it was found not to be beneficial for most
people with schizophrenia—although it is still used with a limited number of people today,
sometimes in combination with antipsychotic medications.A breakthrough in the treatment of
schizophrenia came during the 1950s with the introduction of several drugs that relieved
symptoms in many people. Called neuroleptics (meaning “taking hold of the nerves”), these
medications provided the first real hope that help was available for people with schizophrenia.
When they are effective, neuroleptics help people think more clearly and reduce hallucinations
and delusions. They work by affecting the positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, and
agitation) and to a lesser extent the negative and disorganized ones, such as social deficits. In
general, each drug is effective with some people and not with others. Clinicians and patients
often must go through a trial-and-error process to find the medication that works best, and some
individuals do not benefit significantly from any of them. The earliest neuroleptic drugs, called
conventional or first-generation antipsychotics (such as Haldol and Thorazine), are effective for
approximately 60% of people who try them. However, many people are not helped by
antipsychotics or experience unpleasant side effects. Fortunately, some people respond well to
newer medications—sometimes called atypical or second-generation antipsychotics; the most
common are risperidone and olanzapine. These newer drugs hold promise for helping patients
who were previously unresponsive to medications.

121 : Compare the conventional antipsychotic medications with the newer drugs in terms of their
biochemical dynamics, side effects, and treatment effectiveness.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: The conventional antipsychotic medications developed in the
1950s are dopamine antagonists and are effective in about 60% of patients. The second-
generation or atypical antipsychotics may help patients who were previously unresponsive to
medications and have fewer side effects. Unfortunately, many patients stop using both classes
of medication because of their negative side effects.

122 : Discuss some of the causative factors of schizophrenia, including genetic influences,
neurotransmitter imbalances, prenatal viral exposure, and psychological stressors.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Evidence from family, twin, and adoption studies suggests
that genes may make people vulnerable to schizophrenia, although there does not appear to be
a single gene responsible, but rather a combination of multiple genes. Basically, the more
genes you share with someone who has the disorder, the higher your risk of developing it.
Neurobiological evidence suggests that dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia because
antipsychotic drugs that treat the disease are dopamine antagonists, amphetamines can mimic
psychotic symptoms, and antipsychotic drugs can produce motor symptoms similar to
Parkinson’s disease. However, the relationship is complicated and involves both abnormal
receptor function and alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmission. Fetal
exposure to viral infection, pregnancy complications, and delivery complications have all been
implicated in the schizophrenia. Stress has been implicated as trigger for schizophrenia in
people who are already vulnerable to the disease. Chaotic family environments and expressed
emotions in which people are very critical of the schizophrenic can exacerbate symptoms.
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 123 : Explore the concept of psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia. Discuss the goals
and effectiveness of these treatment programs.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer:Today, few believe that psychological factors cause people to
have schizophrenia or that traditional psychotherapeutic approaches will cure them.
Nevertheless, you will see that psychological methods have an important role. Despite the great
promise of drug treatment, the problems with ineffectiveness, inconsistent use, and relapse
suggest that by themselves, drugs may not be effective with many people. As with a number of
the disorders discussed in this text, recent work in the area of psychosocial intervention has
suggested the value of an approach that uses both kinds of treatment.An environment was
designed for inpatients that encouraged appropriate socialization, participation in group
sessions, and self-care such as bed making while discouraging violent outbursts. An elaborate
token economy was set up, in which residents could earn access to meals and small luxuries by
behaving appropriately. A patient could, for example, buy cigarettes with the tokens he earned
for keeping his room neat. On the other hand, a patient would be fined (lose tokens) for being
disruptive or otherwise acting inappropriately. This incentive system was combined with a full
schedule of daily activities. Patients who went through their program did better than others on
social, self-care, and vocational skills, and more of them could be discharged from the hospital.
Problems with social skills can be the most visible impairment displayed by people with
schizophrenia and can prevent them from getting and keeping jobs and making friends.
Clinicians attempt to reteach social skills such as basic conversation, assertiveness, and
relationship building to people with schizophrenia. The most extensively studied program is the
assertive community treatment (ACT) program. ACT involves using a multidisciplinary team of
professionals to provide broad-ranging treatment across all domains, including mediation
management, psychosocial treatment, and vocational training and support.

124 : Discuss the issue of patient compliance with antipsychotic drug regimens. Describe the
problems caused by noncompliance and how this situation has been addressed in treatment
settings.

Correct Answer : Sample Answer: Despite the optimism generated by the effectiveness of
antipsychotics, they work only when they are taken properly, and many people with
schizophrenia do not routinely take their medication. A number of factors seem to be related to
patients’ noncompliance with a medication regimen, including negative doctor–patient
relationships, cost of the medication, and poor social support. Not surprisingly, negative side
effects are a major factor in patient refusal. Antipsychotics can produce a number of unwanted
physical symptoms, such as grogginess, blurred vision, and dryness of the mouth. Because the
drugs affect neurotransmitter systems, more serious side effects, called extrapyramidal
symptoms, can also result. These symptoms include the motor difficulties similar to those
experienced by people with Parkinson’s disease, sometimes called Parkinsonian symptoms.
Akinesia is one of the most common; it includes an expressionless face, slow motor activity, and
monotonous speech. Another extrapyramidal symptom is tardive dyskinesia, which involves
involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth, or jaw and can include protrusions of the
tongue, puffing of the cheeks, puckering of the mouth, and chewing movements. Tardive
dyskinesia seems to result from long-term use of high doses of antipsychotic medication and is
often irreversible. A significant number of people who could benefit from antipsychotic
medications find them unacceptable as a treatment, which may explain the relatively high rates
of refusal and noncompliance.

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