Name: Alab, Ranie M.

Date/Subject & Time: EE07L_F(7:30p-9:00p)

Experiment 8 : Parallel Operation of Two Single-phase Transformers

I. Objectives
a. To understand prerequisites for operation of transformers in parallel
b. To study power-sharing between two single-phase transformers operated in parallel
II. Materials
(Kindly enumerate the materials you will use)

III. Discussion

Theory A power transformer is one of the most vital and an equally expensive components in a
power system. It may so happen that, over time, due to load growth in its service area, an existing
transformer may not be able to withstand the demand during peak-hours without exceeding its long-
term MVA rating. Operating a transformer in such a fashion would cause overheating and degrade its
expected life. In most cases, instead of commissioning an entirely new higher capacity unit, a more
viable alternative exists in adding a smaller unit in parallel to complement the existing one. In other
words, a new smaller capacity transformer can now be connected in parallel to the existing one such
that the two share a large peak load in a specific proportion and the one operating near limits is relieved
of the burden. Also, during light load conditions, the additive capacity can be kept offline, if desired. To
successfully operate the transformers in parallel, while commissioning, certain rules must be followed.
We state them below, as applied to the single-phase transformers used in the experiment.

Requirements for Parallel Operation of Two Single-phase Transformers

Figure 1: Conceptual Diagram of Two single-phase Transformers in Parallel Referring to Fig.1, if the
transformers getting connected in parallel are excited using same rated primary voltage source, then the
following prerequisites must be met

• The polarities of corresponding primary and secondary terminals of the two transformers must be
same
 • The no-load primary and secondary voltages of the two transformers should match closely in
magnitude as well as in phase
• The per unit impedances of two transformers on their respective Zbases must be equal if the
transformers have to share the load in proportion to their rating

IV. Procedure:
1. Using Multisim, create the circuits, then simulate and record the results in the table using V=
110/220V .
• Note down the following quantities
– Primary currents of both transformers
– Secondary currents of both transformers
– Load current
– Load voltage
2. Plot the Result data in each table
V. Results
Table 1. Resistive Load (Ω), V= 110/220
Vp IP1 WP1 Vp2 IP2 WP2 IP= IP1 + IP2 WP= WP1 + WP2
109.999 7.586M 68.275 6.828M 466.159M 14.41M 848.89M
834.483M
109.999 2.444 268.889 219.998 2.2 484 4.644 752.889
109.999 1.222 134.444 219.998 1.1 242 2.322 376.444

Vs Is1 Ws1 Is2 Vs2 Ws2 Loa Is= Is1 + Is2 Ws= Ws1 +
dR Ws2
Ω
109.999 6.069M 667.586M 3.034M 98.62 207.182M 0 9.103M 874.768
109.999 1.956 215.111 977.77m 219.9 215.111 100 2.93 430.222
109.999 977.7m 107.556 488.88m 219.9 107.556 200 1.47m 215.112

Table 2. Inductive Load (Ω)

Vp IP1 WP1 Vp2 IP2 WP2 IP= IP1 + WP= WP1 + WP2
IP2
110 4.873 566.455u 219.99 4.386 957.707u 9.259 1524.162u
110 2.437 178.946u 219.99 2.193 235.923u 4.63 414.869u
110 1.624m 49.036u 219.99 1.462m 48.941n 3.086m 49.08u

Vs Is1 Ws1 Is2 Vs2 Ws2 Load Is= Is1 + Ws= Ws1 + Ws2
XL (Ω) Is2
110 3.899 463.198u 1.949 219.99 424.876u 50 5.848 888.074u
110 1.949 152.967u 974.654m 219.99 104.176u 100 2.92 257.143u
110 1.3m 49.04u 649.769u 219.99 435.244n 150 1.95m 49.48u

Table 3. Capacitive Load (Ω)

Vp IP1 WP1 Vp2 IP2 WP2 IP= IP1 + IP2 WP= WP1 + WP2
109.999 4.904 396.254u 219.998 4.414 198.659u 9.318 594.913u
109.999 2.452 135.792u 219.998 2.207 49.949u 4.659 185.741u
109.999 1.635 86.645u 219.998 1.471 22.951u 3.124 109.596u

Vs Is1 Ws1 Is2 Vs2 Ws2 Load Is= Is1 + Ws= Ws1 + Ws2
Xc(Ω) Is2
109.999 3.924 326.547u 1.962 219.998 88.508u 50 5.85 415.055
109.999 1.962 117.545u 980.899m 219.998 21.745u 100 2.94 139.29u
109.999 1.308 79.345u 653.932m 219.998 10.057u 150 1.96 89.402u

Table 3. Impedance Load (Ω)

Vp IP1 WP1 Vp2 IP2 WP2 IP= IP1 + IP2 WP= WP1 + WP2
110 4.872 10.683 219.999 4.385 19.229 9.257 29.912
110 2.437 2.672 219.999 2.193 4.809 4.63 7.481
110 4.904 10.821 220 4.413 19.477 9.317 30.298
109.999 2.452 2.706 219.997 2.207 4.871 4.659 7.577

Vs Is1 Ws1 Is2 Vs2 Ws2 Load Z Is= Is1 + Is2 Ws= Ws1 + Ws2
Ω
110 3.898 8.547 1.949 219.999 8.546 1+j 50 5.847 17.093
110 1.949 2.137 974.606 219.999 2.137 1+ j100 2.92 4.274
m
110 3.923 8.656 1.961 220 8.656 1- j50 5.884 17.312
109.999 1.962 2.165 980.845 219.997 2.165 1-j100 2.94 4.33
m

VI. Graphs:
VII. Observation

VIII. Conclusion