Chemistry

Group 1-The alkali metals

Group 7-The halogens F-Fluorine

Cl-Chlorine
Br-Bromine
I-Iodine
At-Astatine
Properties of NON-METALS
Low melting and boiling points The halogen elements consist of
molecules made up of pairs of
Low density atoms: diatomic
Brittle This does NOT mean that
Poor thermal and electrical conductors compounds containing halogens
Dull always have two halogen atoms!
Asonorous
These are the Down the group:
Halogens- Bromine, chlorine, iodine elements
-The colour gets darker/more intense
Halides- Bromide, chloride, iodide These are in -The density increases
compounds -The melting and boiling points increase
 Collision theory and surface area
Cotton
Hydrochloric acid and marble chips Madge
wool
CaCo31s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl 21aq) + COzfg)+ H Of)
z l Cotton wool
prevents acid
from spraying
out
MAAN
Hydrochloric
acid
The smaller the chips, the Marble
Hwan
higher the surface area chips Mass of
meaning more surfaces for the Electric
contents
particles to collide with. This Muammar
scale decreases
causes a faster reaction
The bigger the chips, the lower
r8soHAqoae but mass of
CO increases
the surface are meaning less
surfaces for the particles to Test for CO 2
Reaction stops
collide with. This causes a -bubble the gas once CO stops 2

A.
slower reaction through limewater being produced
and it goes cloudy in
the presence of CO

Concentration and pressure

V1
41 v1 ②
• • • Bla • oooo
1h '"
M

• • ±• .
• • • • i
•

Low concentration/low High concentration/high

pressure- Less frequent pressure- More frequent
collisions collisions
Concentration- fluid
Pressure- Solid

How does increasing the concentration effect the rate of reaction?

-The rate increases
-More particles per unit volume
-More particles are likely to collide
-Number of successful collisions increase per second