BVM Engineering College, V V Nagar (An Autonomous Institute)

Electrical Engineering Department

B.Tech – VIth Semester IIIrd Electrical Engineering
Lab manual: 3EE10: Control Systems (AY 2021-22)
Experiment No.: Date:
Aim: Study of Proportional controller
Theory:

Closed loop control with P Controller

Proportional control, in engineering and process control, is a type of linear feedback control
system in which a correction is applied to the controlled variable which is proportional to the
difference between the desired value (set point, SP) and the measured value (process value, PV).
Two classic mechanical examples are the toilet bowl float proportioning valve and the fly-ball
governor.
The proportional control concept is more complex than an on–off control system like a bi-metallic
domestic thermostat, but simpler than a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control system used
in something like an automobile cruise control. On–off control will work where the overall system
has a relatively long response time, but can result in instability if the system being controlled has a
rapid response time.
Proportional control overcomes this by modulating the output to the controlling device, such as
a control valve at a level which avoids instability, but applies correction as fast as practicable by
applying the optimum quantity of proportional gain.
A drawback of proportional control is that it cannot eliminate the residual SP − PV error in processes
with compensation e.g. temperature control, as it requires an error to generate a proportional output.

Procedure:
 Connection for Proportional controller are as shown in the figure
1. After making, all required connection on board which on the power supply and Start the
experiment.
2. Ground PV an inputs of summing block which are not in use.
3. Set +0.5V at test point t.p.l.
4. Apply set point to proportional input.
5. Check the output of proportional block with digital voltmeter given on board.
6. Vary slowly the Kp value, observe the change in the output, and find out the proportional band
that is PB = 100/Kp
7. In the same manner, we can check by applying square and triangular wave.
Diagram :
Observations:

Analysis:

Conclusion:
 BVM Engineering College, V V Nagar (An Autonomous Institute)
Electrical Engineering Department
B.Tech – VIth Semester IIIrd Electrical Engineering
Lab manual: 3EE10: Control Systems (AY 2021-22)
Experiment No.: Date:

Aim: Study of Integrator controller.

Theory:

Closed loop control with I controller

Proportional is just one way to react to an error in the system. The problem with proportional control is
that it can't detect trends and adjust to them. This is the job of integral control.

Procedure :
 Connection for integrator controller are as shown in figure.
1. After making, all required connection on board which on power supply and start the
experiment.
2. Ground PV and inputs of summing block which are not in use.
3. Apply square wave to the input of integrator.
4. Check the output of integrator block with CRO and compare with the table no. 1 shown above.
5. Vary slowly the KI value and observe the changes in the output.
6. In the same manner can check by applying triangular wave.
Diagram :
Observations:

Analysis:

Conclusion:
 BVM Engineering College, V V Nagar (An Autonomous Institute)
Electrical Engineering Department
B.Tech – VIth Semester IIIrd Electrical Engineering
Lab manual: 3EE10: Control Systems (AY 2021-22)
Experiment No.: Date:

Aim: Study of Derivative controller.

Procedure :
 Connection for Derivative controller are as in the Figure.
1. After making, all required connection on board which on the power supply and start the
experiment.
2. Ground PV and inputs of summing block which are not in use.
3. Apply square wave to the input of Derivative.
4. Check the output of Derivative block with CRO and compare with the table Shown above.
5. Vary slowly the KD value and observe the changes in the output.
6. In the same manner, we can check by applying triangular wave.
Diagram: