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INDUSTRY REPORT OD5464

Boutique Hotels

Room service: Industry revenue will likely increase as travel restrictions become more
flexible

Jack Daly | March 2021

IBISWorld.com 1-800-330-3772 info@IBISWorld.com


Boutique Hotels March 2021

Contents
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Impact Update.............................3 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE.......................... 22
ABOUT THIS INDUSTRY.................................. 5 Market Share Concentration............................................. 22
Key Success Factors........................................................22
Industry Definition................................................................5 Cost Structure Benchmarks............................................. 23
Major Players...................................................................... 5 Basis of Competition......................................................... 25
Main Activities..................................................................... 5 Barriers to Entry............................................................... 26
Supply Chain....................................................................... 6 Industry Globalization........................................................ 27

INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE................................ 7 MAJOR COMPANIES...................................... 29


Executive Summary............................................................ 9 Market Share Overview..................................................... 29
Related Companies........................................................... 29
INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE..........................10 Marriott International Inc....................................................30
Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc......................................32
Key External Drivers.........................................................10 Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc...........................................34
Current Performance........................................................ 11
OPERATING CONDITIONS............................ 36
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK.................................... 14
Capital Intensity................................................................. 36
Outlook.............................................................................. 14 Technology & Systems......................................................36
Industry Life Cycle............................................................. 16 Revenue Volatility..............................................................37
Regulation & Policy........................................................... 38
PRODUCTS & MARKETS............................... 17 Industry Assistance........................................................... 40

Supply Chain..................................................................... 17 KEY STATISTICS............................................ 41


Products & Services.......................................................... 17
Demand Determinants...................................................... 18 Industry Data..................................................................... 41
Major Markets....................................................................18 Annual Change..................................................................41
Business Locations........................................................... 20 Key Ratios......................................................................... 41

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES............................42
Additional Resources........................................................ 42
Industry Jargon..................................................................42
Glossary............................................................................ 42

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COVID-19 IBISWorld's analysts constantly monitor the industry impacts of current events in real-time – here is an update of
(Coronavirus) how this industry is likely to be impacted as a result of the global COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic:

Impact Update • The Boutique Hotels industry is anticipated to experience growth in 2021 after a steep decline in 2020, with
industry revenue increasing 18.8% as the economy recovers and consumers begin travelling more frequently.

• Large drops in domestic and international travel, temporary closures of industry establishments and economic
slowdowns limited demand for industry services in 2020. Demand from these segments is expected to rebound in
2021, however, as the coronavirus pandemic is contained.

• Industry operators have been adding labor to meet rising demand, causing the number of industry employees to
increase 14.9% in 2021 alone.

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About IBISWorld
IBISWorld specializes in industry research with coverage on thousands of global industries. Our comprehensive data and in-depth analysis help
businesses of all types gain quick and actionable insights on industries around the world. Busy professionals can spend less time researching
and preparing for meetings, and more time focused on making strategic business decisions that benefit you, your company and your clients. We
offer research on industries in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, the UK, Ireland, China and Mexico, as well as industries that
are truly global in nature.

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About This Industry


Industry Definition This industry includes intimate, luxurious and upscale hotel environments that feature unique architecture and
design. Industry establishments are also known as lifestyle hotels, villas and wellness hotels. They may offer food
and beverage services and have restaurants, spas and salons on their premises. This industry does not include
chain hotels, though it does include soft brands affiliated with larger hotel groups.

Major Players Marriott International Inc.

Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc

Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.

Main Activities The primary activities of this industry are:

Operating boutique hotels

Operating restaurants

Operating spas and salons

The major products and services in this industry are:

Lifestyle accommodations

Independent boutique accommodations

Soft brand accommodations

Spa and wellness services

Food and beverages

Other

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Supply Chain

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Non-Hotel Casinos in the US Hotels & Motels in the US Casino Hotels in the US Bed & Breakfast & Hostel
Accommodations in the US

Bars & Nightclubs in the US

RELATED INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIES

Global Hotels & Resorts Hotels and Resorts in Australia Hotels in China Hotels in the UK
Hotels & Motels in Canada Hotels and Resorts in New Hotels in Ireland
Zealand

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Industry at a Glance
Key Statistics Key External Drivers % = 2016–21 Annual Growth

$12.4bn 2.3% 2.3%


Revenue Consumer confidence index Consumer spending

Annual Growth Annual Growth Annual Growth


2.7pp -4.2%
Households earning more than Domestic trips by US residents
2016–2021 2021–2026 2016–2026 $100,000
-6.5% 11.1% -18.3%
Inbound trips by non-US
residents

$1.9bn
Profit
Industry Structure
Annual Growth Annual Growth

2016–2021 2016–2021 POSITIVE IMPACT


-10.1% Life Cycle Concentration
Growth Low

MIXED IMPACT
Capital Intensity Regulation & Policy
15.1% Medium Medium / Steady
Profit Margin
Technology Change Barriers to Entry
Annual Growth Annual Growth Medium Medium / Steady
2016–2021 2016–2021 Industry Globalization
-3.3pp Medium / Increasing

NEGATIVE IMPACT
Revenue Volatility Industry Assistance
Very High Low / Increasing
4,642
Businesses Competition
High / Increasing
Annual Growth Annual Growth Annual Growth

2016–2021 2021–2026 2016–2026

4.8% 9.1% Key Trends

 Some industry operators had to temporarily shut down their


operations during the course of the pandemic amid stay-at-
133k home orders
Employment
 More travelers have developed a preference for boutique
Annual Growth Annual Growth Annual Growth hotels over chain hotels
2016–2021 2021–2026 2016–2026  The number of new entrants in this industry has grown
-0.8% 9.8% quickly in recent years

 Investment in new boutique hotel rooms will gradually


accelerate

 Boutique hotel operators have been able to capitalize on the


$3.8bn willingness of their target market to pay for unique
Wages
accommodation experiences
Annual Growth Annual Growth Annual Growth
 Expansion in the number of boutique hotels is anticipated to
2016–2021 2021–2026 2016–2026 put pressure on industry profit
-1.7% 10.1%  Travelers have begun shifting toward new and more intimate
types of hotels

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Products & Services Segmentation

Major Players SWOT

STRENGTHS

Low & Increasing Level of Assistance


Growth Life Cycle Stage
Low Imports
High Profit vs. Sector Average

WEAKNESSES

High Competition
Very high Volatility
High Customer Class Concentration
High Product/Service Concentration
High Capital Requirements

OPPORTUNITIES

High Revenue Growth (2005-2021)


High Revenue Growth (2021-2026)
High Performance Drivers
Consumer spending

THREATS

Low Revenue Growth (2016-2021)


Low Outlier Growth
Domestic trips by US residents

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Executive Summary Room service: Industry revenue will likely increase as travel restrictions
become more flexible
The Boutique Hotels industry focuses on providing luxury accommodations with an emphasis on design,
individualization and quality of service and had been performing strongly until the outbreak of the COVID-19
(coronavirus) pandemic. As a result of a significant drop in demand for travel accommodations in 2020, industry
revenue is expected to decline at an annualized rate of 6.5% over the five years to 2021. Despite declines in 2020,
the industry is set to recover partially in 2021 as consumer spending and demand for travel increase. As a result,
industry revenue is expected to grow 18.8% to reach $12.4 billion in 2021. This steep increase in revenue expected
in 2021 follows a decline of 49.4% in 2020.

Over the past two decades, travelers have grown increasingly weary of cookie-cutter hotels geared toward a mass
audience. Instead, they have begun shifting toward new and more intimate types of hotels, especially in urban
locations. These hotels typically have between 10 and 250 rooms and offer unique architecture and design themes
targeted toward a market of wealthier 20- to 55-year-olds. Industry operators often center establishments around a
brand-name chef's restaurant or a trendy lounge, providing their boutique hotels with both a sizeable revenue
stream and instant brand recognition. Prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, rising consumer spending
and per capita disposable income increased demand for industry services. However, due to rising competition within
the industry and the effects of the pandemic, average profit has decreased slightly during the period. Industry
operators have been cutting down on labor and wage costs to stay afloat while the tourism sector is paused and
establishments reopen.

Over the five years to 2026, IBISWorld forecasts that the industry will rebound from the adverse effects of the
coronavirus pandemic and continue to expand as demand for the boutique concept grows substantially. Both
domestic and international trips are anticipated to increase during the outlook period as travel restrictions become
more flexible, driving demand and industry revenue. Over the five years to 2026, revenue is projected to increase an
annualized 11.1% to reach $21.0 billion. Merger and acquisition activity is set to continue as large chains continue to
increase their market share by purchasing small boutique chains or developing their own boutique brands.

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Industry Performance

Key External Domestic trips by US residents


Drivers
Trends in domestic travel, business patterns and total visitor nights spent away from home all directly affect demand
for accommodations. Domestic trips by US residents are expected to increase in 2021.

Inbound trips by non-US residents

Trends in the number of international visitors to the United States and the length of their stays influence demand for
accommodation. When inbound trips rise, demand for boutique hotels increases, especially because international
visitors are more likely than domestic travelers to use hotel accommodations. Inbound trips by international visitors
are expected to increase in 2021.

Consumer confidence index

Changes in consumer sentiment influence the decisions that individuals make concerning expenditure on
entertainment and travel, particularly during an economic recession. The Consumer Confidence Index is expected to
decrease in 2021, posing a potential threat to the industry.

Consumer spending

Consumer spending levels have a direct effect on travel demand. When consumers are spending more overall, they
are more likely to spend some of their money on travel and accommodations. Therefore, a rise in consumer
spending benefits demand for hotels and motels. Consumer spending is expected to increase in 2021.

Households earning more than $100,000

Households earning more than $100,000 are better able to afford the rates that boutique hotels charge and are
more likely than low-income households to spend on luxury accommodations when traveling. Therefore, an increase
in the number of high-income households benefits the industry. The number of households earning more than
$100,000 is expected to increase in 2021, representing a potential opportunity for industry operators.

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Current The Boutique Hotels industry has declined over the five years to 2021 due
Performance to the adverse effects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic.
Prior to the ongoing pandemic, however, increased travel demand and consumer preference for unique
accommodations with a focus on style and individualization fueled strong growth within the industry. The industry is
expected to make a partial recovery as consumers begin feeling comfortable travelling again. The level of domestic
travel among Americans is expected increase dramatically in 2021, but industry revenue is expected to remain
below pre-pandemic levels. Over the five years to 2021, industry revenue is projected to decrease an annualized
6.5% to $12.4 billion. Industry revenue is expected to grow 18.8% in 2021 alone.

IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS

In 2020, the Boutique Hotels industry experienced a sharp decline in


demand, with revenue falling an estimated 49.4%.
Boutique hotels, which have tighter profit margins and do not benefit from the same economies of scale that large
hotels are able to leverage, suffered greatly as consumers were encouraged to remain at home and avoid
unnecessary travel. Some industry operators had to temporarily shut down their operations during the course of the
pandemic amid stay-at-home orders that were aimed at slowing the spread of the virus. This left operators with a
lack of revenue stream and incurring costs. Industry operators attempted to minimize the costs from by laying off
employees, causing a 29.7% decline in the number of employees in 2020. Furthermore, consumer confidence fell
amid high unemployment and uncertainty surrounding the state of the US economy, limiting demand for
discretionary services in 2020.

Despite many challenges arising in 2020, the industry is expected to stage a partial recovery in 2021 as consumers
begin travelling more frequently and social-distancing guidelines become increasingly relaxed. As a result, of
loosened social-distancing guidelines, operators will to be able to offer more services that had been limited during
the pandemic, such as dining accommodations, making their establishments more attractive to consumers.

THE BOUTIQUE EXPERIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The industry includes intimate, upscale hotels that feature unique


architecture and design.
These establishments are often categorized as independent hotels, lifestyle brand hotels or soft brand hotels,
depending on brand affiliation and design focus. Independent hotels can simply be described as enterprises that
operate a single location that has a unique style and feel. Soft brand hotels are typically hotels that were once
independent, but have since joined a larger chain. These hotels benefit from the backing of the larger hotel
conglomerate, while being able to preserve their individual identify and style. Lifestyle hotels, conversely, are

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typically a franchised chain of boutique-style hotels that are included under the umbrella of a larger hotel brand. An
example of a lifestyle hotel chain is Marriott International Inc. (Marriott)'s Moxy Hotels.

Boutique hotels may include a chef-driven restaurant or a destination bar on the premises to attract patrons who are
not staying at the hotel. Added services can also include spa activities such as massages, steam rooms, fitness
facilities and other health and wellness services. Over the past several decades, more and more travelers have
developed a preference for boutique hotels over chain hotels with a generic appearance. Boutique hotels are geared
toward a trendy, affluent market and are generally found within higher-end urban neighborhoods. While the majority
of boutique hotels are independently owned and operated, chains have a growing prevalence in the industry.

Since the mid-1990s, technological advancements have increased labor productivity, lowered labor costs and
enhanced customer service across a sweeping range of industries. This industry has especially benefited from the
proliferation of the internet over the past five years. Operators can lower overall costs by using the internet to gather
information, make bookings and buy supplies. The information that operators receive through new technology also
enables them to send more targeted promotions via e-mail, social media and other digital formats. Websites such as
Trivago.com and Priceline.com, which offer bookings and discounted rates at the last minute, have flourished over
the past decade. Most industry operators now allocate a portion of their expected unsold rooms to such websites,
since travelers have become more reliant on booking online. Technological shifts have also accelerated market
acceptance for boutique hotels. Among these shifts is the growth in customer access to global distribution systems
(GDS) and computerized reservation systems (CRS) via travel websites. This development has helped level the
playing field among hotels by enabling customers to book boutique hotels on major travel websites alongside larger
branded chains.

THE BUSINESS CASE

Boutique hotels can often be built or renovated at a fraction of the price of


building a new luxury hotel.
Boutique hotels are typically smaller in size and have fewer rooms, generally ranging between 10 and 250. They can
also exclude some features and services, such as larger rooms and extensive lobbies, and replace them with
inexpensive adornments. Boutique hotels are able to remain competitive despite these drawbacks by offering a
more personalized and authentic local experience. Furthermore, independent boutique hotel operators do not have
to pay franchise fees to attract customers and instead often center their establishments around a restaurant or a
trendy lounge. Although they are able to generate relatively high revenue per available room (RevPAR), boutique
hotels contend with higher costs as they strive to create a more personalized experience for guests and do not
benefit from the same economies of scale that larger hotels have. As a result, profit tends to be tighter for boutique
hotels compared with larger hotels.

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

The number of new entrants in this industry has grown quickly over the
last few years, with many large players expanding their portfolio of
lifestyle and soft brand hotels.
For instance, Marriott has expanded its Edition boutique hotel brand, while Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (Hilton)
has expanded the number of locations for their Curio Collection lifestyle hotels. Furthermore, Hilton has launched
several new lifestyle brands in the past five years including Canopy by Hilton, Tru by Hilton and the Tapestry
Collection. There has also been some consolidation during the period, demonstrated through deals such as Marriot's
acquisition of Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide (Starwood). With this acquisition, Marriott expanded its
portfolio of lifestyle hotels by gaining ownership of W Hotels. Partially due to high interest in boutique hotels among
larger chains, the number of establishments in this industry has grown at an annualized rate of 3.9% to 5,610
locations over the five years to 2021.

During the same period, the number of employees is estimated to decline at an annualized rate of 0.8% to 133,341
workers. The industry remains highly labor-intensive due to the high level of customer service required to meet
customer expectations. Declines in employment, however, has been caused by the negative impacts of the
coronavirus pandemic. Average industry profit (measured as earnings before interest and taxes) has decreased
over the past five years, falling from 18.4% of revenue in 2016 to 15.1% in 2021 due to adverse effects of the
ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

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Historical Performance Data


Domestic Domestic
Revenue IVA Establishments Enterprises Employment Exports Imports Wages Demand Trips
Year ($m) ($m) (Units) (Units) (Units) ($m) ($m) ($m) ($m) (Million)
2012 8,055 4,271 2,582 2,009 75,330 N/A N/A 2,144 N/A 645
2013 9,665 5,036 2,957 2,319 87,330 N/A N/A 2,504 N/A 648
2014 11,630 6,108 3,422 2,704 101,376 N/A N/A 2,933 N/A 665
2015 14,171 7,275 3,917 3,100 116,684 N/A N/A 3,478 N/A 698
2016 17,311 8,722 4,629 3,677 138,533 N/A N/A 4,135 N/A 722
2017 18,367 9,008 4,721 3,788 141,091 N/A N/A 4,269 N/A 744
2018 19,388 9,743 5,168 4,158 152,192 N/A N/A 4,585 N/A 780
2019 20,589 10,325 5,699 4,598 165,103 N/A N/A 4,953 N/A 813
2020 10,427 5,570 4,987 4,140 116,050 N/A N/A 3,287 N/A 330
2021 12,392 6,734 5,610 4,642 133,341 N/A N/A 3,803 N/A 560

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Industry Outlook
Outlook The Boutique Hotels industry is anticipated to experience growing
revenue over the five years to 2026.

Revenue is expected to increase at an annualized rate of 11.1% to reach $21.0 billion in 2026. Growth will be driven
by increasing travel rates that are expected as the tourism sector rebounds from the effects of the COVID-19
(coronavirus) pandemic. Once consumers begin to feel comfortable travelling again, interest in the independent
hotel experience is expected to recover quickly. The industry is also expected to benefit from rising consumer
spending, particularly on recreational activities such as vacations and traveling. As a result of these developments,
demand for industry establishments is expected to increase. Consumer spending is expected to rise at an
annualized rate of 2.5% over the five years to 2026, as consumer confidence rises once economic uncertainty
related to the coronavirus pandemic subsides. Business spending is also forecast to increase as corporate profit
grows, supporting an increase in the number of business guests at boutique hotels.

Travel spending is projected to increase over the next five years due to higher demand for both domestic and
international travel as the travel sector reemerges after the pandemic. This influx of tourist dollars will bolster
revenue for boutique hotels. IBISWorld estimates that international arrivals will increase at an annualized rate of
10.2% over the five years to 2026, while domestic travel will increase an annualized 4.5% during the same period.
Since international visitors spend more per visit than domestic travelers, they are more likely to stay at more costly
boutique hotels, thus stimulating industry revenue. Visitors from emerging economies in Asia, the Middle East and
South America will be especially important for this industry over the next five years as the emerging middle class in
these regions increasingly spends its disposable income on international travel.

TRENDS PROMOTING GROWTH

Over the next five years, investment in new boutique hotel rooms will
gradually accelerate due to a sustained rise in demand for tourist
accommodation.
Steady economic growth during the period will likely cause the industry to experience stronger trading conditions
and financial performance. Strong performance will in turn stimulate more rapid investment to compensate for the
rise in demand. However, room oversupply and competing forms of accommodation in certain geographic areas still
remain threats to growth. Moreover, hotel investment by major operators such as Marriott International Inc.'s W and
Aloft brands will likely continue a shift in focus on opportunities in international regions, including Russia, Eastern
Europe, the Middle East, South America and Asia. As a result, any domestic accommodation investment proposals
will compete with growing international travel markets and regions for funding. Boutique hotels will also segment into
specialized areas such as extended-stay hotels, or spa and health retreats, as guests search for these types of
luxury experiences in more trendy and personalized accommodation environments.

Boutique hotel operators have been able to capitalize on the willingness of their target market to pay for unique
accommodation experiences. This gives them a competitive advantage over luxury and upscale hotel operators.
However, this advantage may not be sustainable over the long term, as targeted hotels catering to new and diverse
experiences continue to proliferate. As the market saturates and the novelty of boutique hotels diminishes, operators
may be forced to rethink the services and experiences they offer. This shift may result in a dramatic increase in
capital costs associated with running these hotels.

PLAYERS, PEOPLE AND PROFIT

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IBISWorld projects that the industry will expand over the five years to
2026 as demand rises for both travel and boutique hotel experiences.
The number of establishments is forecast to increase at an annualized rate of 9.2% to 8,724 locations. A large
percentage of new hotels opening over the next five years will be boutique hotels, especially in destination cities
such as New York and San Francisco. Falling just behind establishment growth, employment is projected to grow an
annualized 9.8% to 212,930 workers. However, expansion in the number of boutique hotels is anticipated to put
pressure on industry profit. Despite increasing demand, strong growth in the number of establishments increases
the level of price-based competition within the industry, forcing many operators to lower their rates and cut profit.

Performance Outlook Data


Domestic Domestic
Revenue IVA Establishments Enterprises Employment Exports Imports Wages Demand Trips
Year ($m) ($m) (Units) (Units) (Units) ($m) ($m) ($m) ($m) (Million)
2021 12,392 6,734 5,610 4,642 133,341 N/A N/A 3,803 N/A 560
2022 16,869 9,163 6,682 5,479 168,760 N/A N/A 4,886 N/A 764
2023 19,132 10,374 7,378 6,042 188,208 N/A N/A 5,467 N/A 828
2024 19,811 10,771 7,807 6,405 196,635 N/A N/A 5,702 N/A 845
2025 20,389 11,109 8,267 6,796 204,865 N/A N/A 5,926 N/A 862
2026 20,958 11,434 8,724 7,186 212,930 N/A N/A 6,146 N/A 878
2027 21,503 11,748 9,164 7,562 220,587 N/A N/A 6,355 N/A 893

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Industry Life Cycle The life cycle stage of this industry is Growth
LIFE CYCLE REASONS

Continuing growth in domestic tourism and business travel will boost demand
Long-term growth in international visitor arrivals bodes well for the industry
Demand for the boutique experience will continue to drive growth

The Boutique Hotels industry is in the growth phase of its life cycle; however, the recent outbreak of the COVID-19
(coronavirus) pandemic halted this trend temporarily. The extent of the impact that the pandemic will have on the
Boutique Hotels industry remains uncertain. Like much of the entire tourist accommodation sector, the Boutique
Hotels industry had been growing strongly initially over the five years to 2021 as interest in unique products and
experiences surged. This trend had been especially dominant among younger consumers. Due to the coronavirus
pandemic, industry revenue has dropped significantly, resulting in a decline in revenue during the five-year period.
Industry value added (IVA), which measures an industry's contribution to US GDP, is expected to grow at an
annualized rate of 2.7% over the 10 years to 2026. This US GDP is expected to increase at an annualized rate of
1.9% during the same period. Mounting consumer interest in boutique hotels combined with rising tourism and
business travel, particularly international travel to the United States, will support this growth.

The Boutique Hotels industry has been outperforming the broader Hotels and Motels industry, which is in the mature
phase of its life cycle. During the five-year period, the industry's revenue per available room (RevPAR) growth has
consistently outpaced that of traditional hotels. Operators have benefited from a steady increase in the number of
households earning more than $100,000, which has grown faster than the incomes of low-paid workers over the
past five years. High-income households are more likely to indulge in luxury accommodations during travel and can
typically afford the higher rates that boutique hotels charge. Additionally, as domestic and international tourism
grows, the number of overnight stays for leisure and business has increased, contributing to increased demand for
accommodation services.

The industry's growth phase is highlighted by the number of big chains entering the industry to meet growing
demand. Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide launched its W Hotels brand in 1998 and increased its footprint to
nearly 30 properties in the United States before being acquired by Marriott International Inc. in September 2016. The
Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant Group, the largest chain of boutique hotels in the country, has also undergone
significant growth over the past five years. Furthermore, the acquisition of Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant Group by
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (IHG) brought it together with Hotel Indigo and Even Hotels in an expansion of
IHG's boutique hotel market share. Wyndham Hotels and Resorts Inc. (Wyndham), one of the world's largest hotel
groups, has made a deal to franchise New York-based boutique Chatwal Hotels and Resorts.

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Products & Markets


Supply Chain Key Buying Industries Key Selling Industries
1st Tier 1st Tier

Consumers in the US Soap & Cleaning Compound Manufacturing in the US

Public Administration in the US Cosmetic & Beauty Products Manufacturing in the US

Travel Agencies in the US Computer & Packaged Software Wholesaling in the US

2nd Tier 2nd Tier

Tour Operators in the US Computer Manufacturing in the US

Domestic Airlines in the US Household Furniture Manufacturing in the US

TV & Appliance Wholesaling in the US

Products & Services

The Boutique Hotels industry offers a variety of services, including


lodging, dining and spa options.
Lodging and dining generate an estimated 93.7% of industry revenue.

ROOM ACCOMMODATIONS

Boutique hotels are typically smaller hotels with fewer than 250 rooms
and themed decor.
Lodging and accommodation styles can be divided into three different categories within the industry. Boutique hotels
that fit the traditional definition are completely independent of large corporate brands and limited to small brand
association. Although they offer unique styles, independent boutique hotels have declined in popularity during the
period when compared with boutique hotels connected to major hotel brands. These accommodation services are
estimated to represent 13.1% of industry revenue in 2021. Other boutique hotels often fit into a category of lifestyle
hotels or fall under lifestyle brands. These are prescribed franchise products offered by major chains, such as the W
Hotels by Marriott International Inc. They follow current social trends and have grown in popularity during the period.
Lifestyle brand accommodation services are estimated to represent 16.0% of industry revenue in 2021. The third
category of boutique hotels is soft brand hotels. These are individualized hotels that are affiliated with a major hotel
chain but retain an independent and unique design and name. Soft brand accommodations have advanced in
popularity over the five years to 2021 and are anticipated to represent 46.7% of industry revenue in 2021. However,
revenue for the lodging segment overall has declined slightly as a percentage of total revenue over the past five
years, as operators have diversified their revenue streams to include more add-on services.

FOOD AND BEVERAGES

Most boutique hotels include either on-site or adjacent dining options.


In 2021, food and beverage services will account for 17.9% of industry revenue, significantly more than the industry-

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wide average. This is because some boutique hotels are adding value to their food and beverage operations,
curating more luxury-style food and beverage selections and hiring higher-end kitchen staff. This segment is likely to
have suffered during the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic as many local governments have had strict
limitations for the number of patrons permitted within bars or restaurants at a given time. Some local governments
have gone as far as not permitting restaurant service in any capacity beyond take-out or delivery of food.

SPA AND OTHER

Spa and other guest services including in-room treatments are estimated
to generate 6.3% of revenue; this segment has been growing over the past
five years as boutique hotels partner with well-known and established spa
boutiques.
These value-added services increase the attraction of boutique hotel accommodations. This segment is also likely to
have suffered as a result of the coronavirus pandemic as many spa treatments and massages are difficult to
execute while remaining socially distant.

Demand Emerging as an alternative option to standardized chain hotels, the


Determinants Boutique Hotels industry caters to business and leisure travelers who
prefer unique lodging and more personalized service.
For example, industry player Joie de Vivre Hotels has a Japanese-themed hotel located in the Japantown district of
San Francisco. The hotel features accommodations that blend eastern and western influences, a restaurant with
Japanese-inspired cuisine and cocktails and a spa with Japanese-style bathing facilities.

Demand for industry services also depends on the state of the general economy. Low unemployment and high
disposable income typically result in higher demand for boutique hotels as consumers will be more inclined to travel
for leisure. Also, since 70.3% of industry customers are leisure travelers, the industry is highly dependent on the
confidence and spending of households. As a result of 29.7% of customers being corporate travelers, economic
conditions directly affect the number of business trips taken, the length of stay and budgeted travel spending.

Demand for industry services has been affected severely by the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic
in the US. When the virus first began to take hold in March 2020, many local governments issued stay-at-home
orders and required nonessential businesses to temporarily shut down. Additionally, many states imposed
restrictions on travelers entering from other states, and the federal government has limited international travel into
the country. As a result, consumers have limited travel and have been spending an increased portion of time at
home. In addition to strict guidelines making travel difficult, the pandemic has brought about higher levels of
economic uncertainty, leading consumer confidence to fall. As consumers have felt less secure in the state of the
economy, they are less inclined to spend on discretionary services such as hotel accommodations.

Major Markets

Several factors, including age, income, purpose of travel and travel origin,
can determine the Boutique Hotels industry's major markets.
DOMESTIC LEISURE TRAVEL

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An estimated 52.9% of revenue for the Boutique Hotels industry comes


from domestic leisure travelers.
Most leisure travel is discretionary and therefore subject to broad economic trends, such as the onset of a recession
or high fuel prices. However, vacation destinations and modes of transport can be easily substituted for less
desirable alternatives when economic conditions are tough. The most common purposes for leisure travel by US
domestic travelers are visiting relatives, shopping, visiting friends, fine dining and visiting beaches. This segment is
expected to expand as a share of revenue in 2021 as domestic travel is able to resume more quickly than
international travel. The United States continues to have strict restrictions on travelers entering the country from
abroad due to concerns that they could be infected with COVID-19 (coronavirus).

BUSINESS TRAVEL

IBISWorld estimates that business travelers account for 33.0% of


spending on tourist accommodation.
Of this spending, an estimated 58.3% is related to general business spending and 41.7% is associated with
meetings, conferences and events. Business travelers typically spend more per night than leisure travelers, making
them a lucrative market. Business travel has experienced a strong decline since the outbreak of the coronavirus
pandemic, posing a significant threat to industry operators. Many meetings and conventions have been taking place
virtually, limiting demand for hotel accommodations from this segment.

INTERNATIONAL LEISURE TRAVEL

International visitors to the United States account for 14.1% of total visitor
expenditure in the United States.
This includes spending on both leisure trips and business travel. Major visitor origin countries include Canada and
Mexico, and major overseas visitor origin countries include the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany. According to
the US Travel Association, each overseas traveler on average spends an estimated $4,360 when they spend more
than 18 nights in the United States. The most common purposes for leisure travel to the United States are shopping,
dining, city sightseeing, visiting historical places and visiting amusement or theme parks. This segment is expected
to be hit the hardest as international travel has been reduced significantly since the initial outbreak of the
coronavirus pandemic.

Exports in this industry are Low and Steady

Imports in this industry are Low and Steady

As a services industry, the Boutique Hotels industry does not technically log international trade. The industry
overwhelmingly services the domestic travel market, but also services international visitors traveling within the
United States. However, due to the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic, the number of
international visitors to the United States has decreased significantly. The United States is still second behind
France in the list of most popular destinations among international visitors, even though it remains the top country in
terms of tourism receipts in the world. In fact, the United States generates nearly twice as much from tourism as its
nearest competitor. The main origins of visitors to the United States are Canada, Mexico and the United Kingdom.
The most popular US cities visited by international tourists include New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, Orlando, San
Francisco, Las Vegas and Honolulu.

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Business
Locations

The Boutique Hotels industry is generally spread according to the share of population and industry in particular regions, but also
correlates to a region's share of domestic and international travel on business or pleasure. Thus, most boutique hotels are located
in metropolitan areas. The proportion of boutique hotel establishments in a state or region is also driven by the attractions it offers,
particularly those of international significance or recognition, such as the Grand Canyon, Disneyland and Hollywood. Some states
such as New York attract business visitors because they are major industrial, financial and commercial centers. Past migration
patterns to the United States are also an important driver for travel related to visiting friends and relatives.

Southeast region

The Southeast has the highest concentration of business locations, representing 28.3% of all industry establishments. This region
is home to the largest share of the US population at 25.8%, a primary driver behind its heavy industry concentration. Additionally,
the Southeast contains a large number of popular tourist destinations. For example, Florida represents 6.2% of establishments
and contains major destinations for both international and domestic travel including Miami, the Florida Keys, Orlando, Palm Beach
and Daytona Beach. Although these locations are popular for the accommodation sector in general, boutique and lifestyle hotels
have increasingly thrived there. For all these reasons, the Southeast is anticipated to retain the highest concentration of industry
establishments.

West region

The West region is home to 16.4% of industry establishments due to its high population concentration (17.2%) and world-
renowned cities. The region is dominated by the presence of California, which represents 10.5% of industry establishments.
California contains many miles of coastline and many unique cities that offer international and domestic appeal. Los Angles, San
Diego and San Francisco are all known for their unique cultures, often providing the perfect market for boutique hotel
accommodations.

Mid-Atlantic region

Home to New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC, the Mid-Atlantic has a high concentration of industry establishments at
10.7%. These three large cities are all internationally known and attract high levels of tourism from domestic and foreign visitors.
Since boutique establishments tend to locate around major metropolitan areas, the Mid-Atlantic is a popular region for new
entrants to join the industry. New York alone represents 4.3% of industry establishments. This region also has a high
concentration of wealth. As industry establishments typically charge higher nightly rates than some chain hotel operators,
individuals must often have a higher disposable income to stay at industry accommodations, further drawing concentration to the
Mid-Atlantic region.

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Competitive Landscape
Market Share
Concentration

Concentration in this industry is Low

The Boutique Hotels industry is fragmented and has a low level of concentration. In 2021, the four largest industry
operators will account for an estimated 20.3% of the available market share. While industry concentration is low, it is
increasing, with large chain hotels such as Marriott International Inc. merging with independent boutique hotel
operators and building out their portfolio of boutique and lifestyle brands. InterContinental Hotels Group PLC's
purchase of Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant Group in 2014 helped to substantially increase industry concentration
over the five years to 2021. Additionally, Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. has added several boutique and lifestyle
brands during the period that are expected to expand moving forward. However, many major companies in the hotel
sector are increasingly seeking to operate on a global basis and have a presence in major countries outside the
United States. For example, major player Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide (now owned by Marriott
International Inc.) has W Hotels in countries such as Mexico, Hong Kong and China. Increasingly, W Hotels is
shifting its focus toward growing economies in Asia. This expansion outside of the United States will slow down
concentration growth domestically. The shift is partly due to the saturation of establishments within the overall
accommodation sector in the United States. Although boutique and lifestyle hotels offer unique services, the
saturation of hotels and motels in popular tourist destinations has deterred some domestic expansion. Nevertheless,
concentration is continuing to increase among the major global operators within the United States.

Key Success IBISWorld identifies 250 Key Success Factors for a business. The most important for this industry are:
Factors
Having an experienced work force:
It is important to employ highly capable staff to better assist and retain customers.

Carrying out all necessary maintenance to keep facilities in good condition:


Monitoring the state of the property and ensuring maintenance is kept up-to-date is important for minimizing
operational costs.

Ability to quickly adopt new technology:


It is essential to be aware of and able to adopt the new technology available in this industry for information,
promotions, bookings and general management control systems.

Market research and understanding:


Monitoring the needs of patrons helps to ensure both customer retention and the attraction of new customers.

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Cost Structure
Benchmarks

Profit

Industry profit is measured as earnings before interest and taxes. Profit


varies among players depending on the size of the hotel, hotel network
or parent company, with larger operators generally benefiting from
economies of scale. While they require high capital investments and
are normally situated in premium locations, boutique hotels generally
have higher profit than chain hotels since they are priced at the higher
end of the market. Operators do not tend to compete on the basis of
price, rather differentiating themselves through superior design or
quality of service. However, the large number of independent operators
means that profit is restricted to some degree, as costs cannot be
spread over a large base. The average industry profit margin has
decreased over the five years to 2021 to 15.1% of revenue, down from
an estimated 18.4% in 2016 due primarily to decreased revenue as a
result of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic.

Wages

Labor is required for many aspects of hotel management, from front-of-


house activities, such as front desk, concierge and related activities, to
all back-of-house activities, including general management, accounting,
marketing, room cleaning and servicing the kitchens, bars and
restaurants. Many hotel jobs have a low skill and training requirement,
and employees can be hired on a part-time or casual basis. However,
most front-of-house staff members in the Boutique Hotels industry are
highly trained and demand higher wages than budget-hotel staff.
Therefore, wages in the Boutique Hotels industry represent a slightly
higher percentage of revenue than in the broader Hotels and Motels
industry, accounting for an estimated 30.7% of industry revenue in
2021. Wages as a share of revenue have increased during the five-year
period and are anticipated to continue to increase moving forward.

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Purchases

Another major industry major expense is purchases and cost of sales,


such as bedding and room supplies. Many hotels also provide meals
and liquor, either in individual rooms or in separate restaurants or
dining areas. Fluctuations in the cost of food and liquor significantly
influence industry revenue and profit. In the short term, many of these
cost increases cannot be passed on to the consumer or client. In 2021,
purchases are estimated to account for 17.0% of an average boutique
hotel's revenue.

Marketing

Marketing costs can be significant for boutique hotels as they attempt to


position themselves at the high end of the market. However, many
independent hotels have very limited marketing budgets and rely on
word of mouth or social media to attract demand. Marketing costs are
expected to account for 1.7% of revenue in 2021.

Depreciation

The level of depreciation a hotel operator is exposed to depends


heavily on if they own the freehold to the premises. A greater
percentage of hotel operators are choosing to rent rather than own the
actual hotel property they manage, preferring to outsource the property-
risk to investors. The industry's average level of depreciation has
therefore grown over the five years to 2021 to represent an estimated
8.5% of total industry revenue. Other hotel investments that contribute
to the high depreciation level include fixtures and fittings for rooms,
restaurant equipment and capital improvement expenditure.

Rent

Rent costs highly depends on the location of the industry operators as


cities and areas with high foot-traffic generally have higher a rent. In
2021, rent costs are anticipated to account for 1.5% of industry
revenue.

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Utilities

Utility costs, which includes electricity expenses, are anticipated to


account for 1.6% of industry revenue. Utility costs usually increase
along with the size of the operator.

Other Costs

Other costs for operators include repairs and maintenance, promotional


costs, commission paid to agents, bookings and internet fees,
accounting and legal costs, motor vehicle expenses, stationery and
printing, insurance and other administrative and overhead costs. Other
costs account for 23.9% of revenue in 2021.

Basis of Competition in this industry is High and the trend is Increasing


Competition
Competition in the Boutique Hotels industry is high and increasing.
Industry operators compete on lodging rates, reputation, location, design and service.

INTERNAL COMPETITION

Operators in the Boutique Hotels industry have experienced increasing


levels of internal competition over the five years to 2021.
As the industry grows in popularity among travelers, more and more establishments have opened to fill the
increasing demand. Over the past five years, the number of establishments has grown an estimated annualized
1.8% to 5,646. This increased volume of establishments provides consumers with more choice when deciding where
to stay. Although each boutique hotel offers unique offerings and ambiance, consumers are increasingly price
sensitive with their accommodation services. This has placed increase pricing pressure on industry operators.

Additionally, boutique hotels compete on location; many travelers who choose boutique over chain hotels desire
trendy neighborhoods in urban destinations. For this reason, most boutique hotels are located in metropolitan areas
such as New York City and Los Angeles. Boutique hotels such as the W Hotels also benefit from a local clientele
who visits their lounges, restaurants and spas. Industry establishments typically feature restaurants with well-known
chefs or state of the art fitness facilities, catering to the changing lifestyles of younger guests. Competition for these
locations in metropolitan areas has increased as the number of industry establishments grown over the past five
years, limiting the supply of available development.

EXTERNAL COMPETITION

Boutique hotels endure a high and increasing level of competition from


the broader accommodation service sector and other external providers.
Many establishments in the broader Hotels and Motels industry (IBISWorld report 72111) have the benefit of brand

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name recognition, economies of scale and high levels of market share. These advantages enable external
competitors to remain ultra-competitive, providing low daily rates and locating in some of the most popular
destinations. However, although boutique hotels have a higher average rate than chain hotels, many travelers are
willing to spend more for the uniqueness and exclusivity provided by boutique hotels. While chain hotels benefit from
their established brands and reputations, boutique hotels compete on their different appearances and lack of
uniformity. They also compete on amenities offered.

The Boutique Hotels industry, like much of the broader accommodation sector, is contending with increasing
competition from online rental services provided by companies such as Airbnb Inc. These are not included in the
accommodation services sector since they are classified as data processing and hosting services (IBISWorld report
51821). Such services enable individuals to rent out their apartments or spare bedrooms to consumers seeking
accommodation in any given location. Often these services are relatively inexpensive as compared with the daily
rates of industry establishments, further increasing price-based competition for the industry. These services have
received a boost relative to the Boutique Hotels industry throughout the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic as many
consumers have opted to use services as they permit for less interaction with individuals outside their group.

Barriers to Barriers to Entry in this industry are Medium and the trend is Steady
Entry

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Capital requirements Barriers to Entry Checklist

The Boutique Hotels industry has a low level of Competition High


concentration, with the top four players expected to
account for 20.9% of the available market share in 2021,
Concentration Low
indicating relatively low barriers to entry. Boutique hotels
benefit from being able to convert smaller buildings not
normally suitable for hotel use, while using low-cost, yet Life Cycle Stage Growth
luxurious materials (e.g. slate instead of imported marble).
Moreover, independent boutique hotels do not have Technology Change Medium
franchise fees, and some boutique hotels brands offer
limited partnerships with investors. However, start-up Regulation & Policy Medium
costs can be prohibitively high for new entrants into the
Boutique Hotels industry. Operators still must obtain Industry Assistance Low
property through purchasing or renting, obtain proper
permits to establish a hotel and refurbish, rebuild and
redesign the space to fit their needs. Additionally,
boutique hotels, especially independent boutique
locations are increasingly becoming more high-end,
requiring operators to purchase more high-end furniture
and other producing, increasing the amount of required
capital needed to operate a hotel. Many operators are
able to limit these upfront costs however through rental
and lease agreements with buildings in addition to
establishing partnerships with brands they use within the
hotel.

Labor costs are higher for boutique hotels, compared with


traditional hotel chains, due to their focus on service and
personalization. Boutique hotels rely on public relations
instead of mass advertising and a sales force, however,
which lowers marketing costs. Developing a creative
design that responds to, or anticipates, emerging trends is
also a key barrier to entry. According to NuWire Investor,
boutique hotels must customize their personalized
services and development models to cater to their
intended markets which may increase the capital required
for initial investment.

Branding

A large barrier to entry, as well as a barrier to success, is


the challenge new hotels experience when trying to
establish brand recognition and a continual client base.
Many travelers often stay at well-known or reputable
branded hotels while traveling as they are often easy to
book, earn points and know the quality of the
accommodations they will receive with well-known
brands. In the industry, many operators do not benefit
from having associations with established brand names. It
often takes a longer period of time for boutique hotels to
develop a loyal consumer base and strong reputation due
to their relatively limited quantity and exclusivity.

COVID-19 (coronavirus)

The coronavirus pandemic has increased barriers to entry


in the short-term as demand for industry services has
taken a substantial hit as a result of the virus. IBISWorld
does not expect industry revenue to recover to pre-
pandemic levels until 2023. As a result, it may be difficult
for new operators to generate sufficient revenue streams
to remain operational for the foreseeable future.

Industry Globalization in this industry is Medium and the trend is Increasing


Globalization
Boutique Hotels industry globalization is increasing, as a growing number of US-based industry players are
operating internationally. For example, Connecticut-based Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, now owned by

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major player Marriott International Inc. (Marriott), has expanded its W Hotels boutique hotel brand all over the world
and now has locations in Asia, the Middle East, Canada and Mexico. The company also expects to open boutique
hotels in several international locations over the five years to 2026. Marriott also teamed with real estate developer
Ian Schrager to create boutique hotels under the Edition brand. Schrager, who is credited with originating the
boutique hotel concept, designs the hotels that are then operated by Marriott across the globe.

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Major Companies
Market Share Overview

Related Companies

Competitors Company Type Employee Segment Revenue ($m) Market Share (%) Profit ($m)

Marriott International Inc. Incumbent 500+ Employees 1,052.7 8.49 7.8

Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc Golden Goose 500+ Employees 665.3 5.37 -19.8

Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. Laggard 500+ Employees 396.6 3.2 19.4

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Companies with 5.0% industry market share are displayed in the PDF version of this report. You can view insights for all companies associated
with this industry on my.ibisworld.com

Marriott International Inc.


Company Overview
Brands & Trading AC Hotels aloft Autograph Collection Hotels BVLGARI Hotels & Resorts Courtyard Delta Hotels Design
Hotels Edition Elements Fairfield Fairfield Inn Four Points Gaylord Hotels JW Marriott Le
Names
Meridien Marriot Executive Apartments Marriot Vacation Club Marriott Moxy Hotels Protea
Hotels Renaissance Hotels Residence Inn Sheraton SpringHill Suites St. Regis The Luxury
Collection The Ritz-Carlton TownePlace Suites Tribute Portofolio W Hotels Westin

Description Marriott International Inc. is a public company headquartered in Maryland with an estimated 12,000 employees. In
the US, the company has a notable market share in at least six industries: Boutique Hotels, Extended Stay Hotels,
Intellectual Property Licensing, Accommodation and Food Services, Hotels & Motels and Tourism. Their largest
market share is in the Boutique Hotels industry, where they account for an estimated 8.5% of total industry revenue
and are considered an Incumbent because they display strong market share, but lower profit and revenue growth
than some of their peers.

COMPANY TYPE Public Company


TOTAL COMPANY $1.1bn
REVENUE
EMPLOYEES 12,000

Other Industries Extended Stay Hotels


Tourism in the US
Hotels & Motels in the US
Intellectual Property Licensing in the US

Analyst Insights Marriot International’s Courtyard by Marriott to have North American brand updated
By 2024, Courtyard by Marriott hotels in North America are to undergo external renovations as well as modernizing
renovations in public spaces in their hotels. The company has also revamped their Bistro Bar which will
complement their new urban inspired interior design to suit clients that are either visiting their locations for leisure
or for business. The gym and exercise facilities are also expected to be updated with more modern equipment to
accommodate clients who are more health conscious.

New Activity

Marriott International Inc. hit hard by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic


Similar to other tourism enterprises, Marriott's industry-relevant revenue declined 64.1% in 2020 alone, a direct
result of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Hotels experienced drastic declines in demand amid the pandemic,
as consumers halted travel or refused to stay in hotels due to health concerns. Moreover, due to financial
insecurity, many consumers who are less discouraged due to health issues are still expected to cancel or postpone
vacations into the immediate recovery period, especially among international tourists. In addition, consumers were
more likely to stay at other service providers like Airbnb where the risk of contracting virus was significantly less.

COVID

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Marriott International Inc.


Company Overview
Industry Market Market Share
Share, Revenue
and Profit 8.49% Strong 0.2%
Current Year Annual Growth
(2021) (2017–21)

Industry Revenue

$1.1bn Strong -7.1%


Current Year Annual Growth
(2021) (2017–21)

Profit Margin

0.74% Moderate -11.5%


Current Year Annual Growth
(2021) (2017–21)

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Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc


Company Overview
Brands & Trading Atwell Suites Avid Candlewood Suites Crowne Plaza Even Hotels Holiday Inn Holiday Inn Club
Vacations Holiday Inn Express Hotel Indigo Hualuxe InterContinental Kimpton Hotel &
Names
Restaurants Regent Six Senses Staybridge Suites Vignette Voco

Description Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc is a private company headquartered in United Kingdom with an estimated
120,000 employees. In the US, the company has a notable market share in at least three industries: Boutique
Hotels, Budget Hotel Franchises and Hotels & Motels. Their largest market share is in the Boutique Hotels industry,
where they account for an estimated 5.4% of total industry revenue and are considered a Golden Goose because
they display medium to strong market share and strong profit, but slower revenue growth than some of their peers.

COMPANY TYPE Private Company


TOTAL COMPANY $665.3m
REVENUE
EMPLOYEES 120,000

Other Industries Hotels & Motels in the US


Budget Hotel Franchises

Analyst Insights IHG Hotels & Resorts enters preferred partnership with Expedia Group.
InterContinental Hotels Group plc, (IHG Hotels) has partnered with Expedia Group in February of 2022. This
partnership establishes Expedia Group as a preferred redistributor of IHG Hotel’s properties’ wholesale rates.
Access to Expedia Group’s network allows for better connections to business-to-business demand partners. In
addition, it allows IHG Hotels to consolidate their wholesale distribution, reducing costs for the company. In
addition, having better control over the communication with customers will provide the opportunity for revenue
growth.

New Activity

IHG Hotel removes assets to improve profitability.


The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic imposed health and safety concerns and ultimately travel restrictions,
digging into IHG Hotel’s profitability. While travel increased as vaccines became available, IHG made the decision
to readjust their portfolio by selling three of its owned EVEN hotels in the Americas. These three hotels contributed
a $3 million loss in 2021. As travel restrictions have eased, the company has expanded their capital in hotels by
signing deals for 18,000 additional rooms in the Americas, and 23,700 globally by the end of 2021. Similar rooms
were signed in 2019, showing that there is still growth to be achieved by IHG Hotel’s as the global economy
continues to reopen.

COVID Discontinued Activity

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Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc


Company Overview
Industry Market Estimated Industry Market Share
Share, Revenue
and Profit 5.37% Moderate
Current Year
(2021)

Estimated Industry Revenue

$665.3m Moderate
Current Year
(2021)

Estimated Profit Margin

-2.98% Weak
Current Year
(2021)

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Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.


Company Overview
Brands & Trading Canopy by Hilton Conrad Hotels & Resorts DoubleTree Embassy Suites Hampton Hilton Garden
Inn Hilton Grand Vacations Hilton Hotels & Resorts Home2 Suites by Hilton Homewood Suites by
Names
Hilton LXR Hotels & Resorts Motto by Hilton Signia by Hilton Tempo by Hilton Tru by Hilton Waldorf
Astoria Hotels & Resorts

Description Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. is a public company headquartered in Virginia with an estimated 142,000
employees. In the US, the company has a notable market share in at least six industries: Boutique Hotels, Extended
Stay Hotels, Budget Hotel Franchises, Accommodation and Food Services, Hotels & Motels and Tourism. Their
largest market share is in the Boutique Hotels industry, where they account for an estimated 3.2% of total industry
revenue and are considered a Laggard because they display lower market share alongside slower profit and
revenue growth than their peers.

COMPANY TYPE Public Company


TOTAL COMPANY $396.6m
REVENUE
EMPLOYEES 142,000

Other Industries Extended Stay Hotels


Tourism in the US
Hotels & Motels in the US
Budget Hotel Franchises

Analyst Insights Hilton Reopens Businesses as COVID-19 restrictions Begin to Ease


In 2021, Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (Hilton) generated $5.8 billion in revenue, increasing 34.3% from the
previous year, as the economy recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. The pandemic
significantly affected operations in 2020, as many locations were suspended indefinitely due to health and safety
regulations. However, an increase in tourism and travel, alongside the distribution of the vaccine easing
regulations, rebounded demand for Hilton’s services. Furthermore, the company stated that in 2021, only 360
hotels were suspended, compared with 1,260 in 2020.

COVID Discontinued Activity

Hilton Taps into Customer Engagement with Updates to App


Hilton continued to innovate with its Hilton Honors app to provide guests with a unique experience. In 2015, Hilton
laid the foundation with the launch of its digital key, which enabled guests to access hotel rooms through their
phones. In 2021, it launched Digital Key Share, granting guests the ability to share the key with multiple people.
Additionally, the digital key lets guests bypass the front desk and check out, streamlining the entire hotel process.
Currently, over 5,600 of Hilton’s hotels have the Digital Key feature.

Balance Sheet

Hilton Spins Off Two of Its Subsidiaries into Public Companies


In February 2016, Hilton announced plans to break into three separate entities to capitalize on growth
opportunities, increase its competitiveness within the Hotels and Motels industry and create internal efficiencies
that would enable its core segments to act on opportunities faster than before. These spin-offs were completed in
early 2017. The two new segments include Park Hotels & Resorts Inc. and Hilton Grand Vacations Inc. These
segments comprised the company's previous timeshare rentals and various resort segments. The company’s
remaining portfolio is focused on luxury and lifestyle hotel brands, with global properties remaining within the
traditional company structure.

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Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.


Company Overview
Industry Market Market Share
Share, Revenue
and Profit 3.2% Weak -0.9%
Current Year Annual Growth
(2021)
(2017–21)

Industry Revenue

$396.6m Weak -13.5%


Current Year Annual Growth
(2021) (2017–21)

Profit Margin

4.89% Strong 5.7%


Current Year Annual Growth
(2021) (2017–21)

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Operating Conditions

Capital The level of capital intensity is Medium


Intensity
The capital intensity of the Boutique Hotels industry is
determined by the ratio of capital to labor costs, with wages
and depreciation used as proxies. Operators spend an
estimated $0.28 on the use and replacement of buildings
and equipment for every $1.00 they spend on wages and
associated labor costs. Therefore, this industry is deemed
to have a medium-to-high level of capital intensity. The
industry is also labor-intensive due to the need to meet
clients' and guests' needs in such areas as bookings and
reservations, room service, restaurants, general queries
and in-room cleaning services. Boutique hotels often
advertise unique accommodation services such as spas
and restaurants. These added features require boutique
hotels to maintain a relatively large staff.

Normally, capital costs are lower for boutique hotels than


traditional luxury hotel operators. Boutique hotels can often
be built (or renovated) at a fraction of the price of building a
brand-new luxury hotel. Boutique hotels can also get away
with eliminating some features and services, such as larger
rooms and extensive lobbies, and replacing them with
lower cost, yet more interesting accouterments. However,
over the five years to 2021, the scale and luxury of
boutique hotels has come to include 200 plus
establishments and, therefore, capital requirements have
increased in turn. Furthermore, many boutique hotels have
begun to combine luxury with high-end services, such as
top-of-the-line amenities such as high-quality linens,
furniture and expensive in-room technology which
increases capital costs for industry operators. Additionally,
many boutique hotels have increased the level of service
provided by their in-house restaurants, many becoming
Michelin recognized restaurants.

Technology & Potential Disruptive Innovation: Factors Driving Threat of Change


Systems

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The Boutique Hotels industry has been disrupted by the mounting pressure
from Airbnb and other home-sharing companies' business models.
Industry operators have kept up with the rising popularity of booking online, but the rise of Airbnb has changed the way
consumers approach hospitality. Boutique hotels are known for being smaller and providing a more personal, cozy
experience, where many homes and apartments listed on Airbnb aim to offer a similar experience, competing directly with
industry operators.

The level of technology change is Medium

The Boutique Hotels industry has experienced a medium level of technological


change over the five years to 2021.
Technology is used for internally for purposes such as buying supplies online and guest management software, as well as
for providing visitors access to internet-based booking and reservation systems. The booking and reservation systems
typically incorporates room management and a linked accounting and information management system.

Internet bookings

Technology plays an increasingly important role in the industry and has


contributed to the industry's growth.
The number of accommodations that are being booked online directly through hotel websites has increased over the past
five years. Although online travel agents (OTAs), such as Booking.com or Expedia, had account for the majority of online
hotel bookings, consumers have transitioning toward booking directly though hotels in recent years. This has come as a
result of hotels beefing up their rewards programs that make booking directly though the hotels website more attractive.
Additionally, large hotel chains have introduced user-friendly mobile apps that enable consumers to easily reserve rooms
from their smartphones. This trend of consumers booking directly though the hotels app or website presents an opportunity
for operators to expand profit as they will not need to pay steep commissions to OTAs. Online-based bookings in all forms
are expected to continue to expand rapidly.

Many accommodation-booking service websites are linked with Google Maps and other online maps to provide services
where travelers can identify accommodation establishments by street location, star rating or proximity to their business,
convention or holiday destination. There are also many user-generated online accommodation review and rating service
websites to provide comments on travelers' actual experiences with individual hotel facilities and services.

In-room technology

The modern hotel includes high-speed internet access via wired or Wi-Fi both
in-room and throughout the building.
Internet access is a must for any business traveler and is increasingly important for leisure travelers. The main challenge
for hoteliers is offering guests the same level of internet services in a hotel room that they receive at home. For this reason,
some hotels offer tiered bandwidth service, with pricing depending on the level of service. A Smart TV with cable services is
often the focal point of a hotel room. Other in-room technology includes radio frequency identification for keyless entry,
personalized lighting and climate control and convenient power sources. New hotel refurbishment projects often include
integrated in-room technology that can be controlled by a single touchscreen. Other technology incorporated into the
modern hotel includes executive lounges, high-tech boardrooms and meeting rooms with ergonomic leather chairs, discreet
projection facilities and wide-screen TV sets and other advanced technological features and equipment.

Some hotels are pioneering technology that gives guests the option of booking in and out of rooms without staff
involvement through the use of mobile technology and smartphone applications. While the adoption of this technology can
be expensive, as room doors need to be fitted with new locks compatible with the systems, it shows how far the industry is
willing to go to make a guest's stay seamless.

Revenue The level of volatility is Very High


Volatility

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Boutique Hotels March 2021

Historically, revenue volatility tends to be low due to the long-term growth


trend in both business and leisure-related travel, both domestically and
internationally.
However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has drastically reduced Boutique Hotels industry revenue,
which is anticipated to have fallen 49.4% in 2020 alone, and has contributed to increased revenue volatility. For this reason,
the industry has exhibited very high revenue volatility over the five years to 2021.

The range of properties across a range of star ratings (including nonindustry hotels and motels) provides choices to guests
and meets all budget requirements. Additionally, these hotels typically offer a non-traditional hotel experience, which has
surged in popularity during the period. As a result, demand for boutique hotels is expected to continue increasing once the
virus has been contained. As vaccines become more widely available and cases begin to fall, demand for the Boutique
Hotels industry is expected to experience a strong rebound.

Regulation & The level of regulation is Medium and the trend is Steady
Policy
The Boutique Hotels industry is subject to a medium and steady level of
regulation at the federal and state level.
Some states regulate the activities of hospitality properties and restaurants, including safety and health standards, as well
as the sale of liquor, by requiring licensing, registration, disclosure statements and compliance with specific standards of
conduct. There are also extensive state and federal laws and regulations relating to selling and marketing timeshare
intervals for those hotels that offer such arrangements.

LABOR RELATIONS

Operators of hotels and motels are also subject to laws governing their
relationship with employees, including minimum wage requirements, overtime,
working conditions and work permit requirements.
The industry employs a high number of young and low-skilled workers at hourly rates and, therefore, is subject to minimum
wage and employee benefits regulations. Workers in the United States are entitled to be paid no less than the statutory
minimum wage. Each state also formulates and regulates its own minimum wage, with some states implementing rates
higher than the federal rate.

FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS

As many hotels and motels prepare and sell food on premises, the industry is
subject to laws and regulations relating to the preparation and sale of food,
including regulations regarding product safety, nutritional content and menu
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labeling.
The main agency responsible for providing guidance and regulation is the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA). The
FDA's Model Food Code, which is a best-practice guide to food handling and presentation, applies to this industry and is
updated each year. The FDA Nutritional Value applies as well. Since 1996, the FDA regulations have set standards for
nutritional values of individual foods and meals. If claims such as “low fat” or “heart healthy” are on a menu, an owner must
be able to demonstrate to officials that there is a reasonable basis for the claim. For instance, the meal may be based on a
recipe from a health association or a recognized dietary group. Complete nutritional information, however, is not required to
be on menus.

The Affordable Care Act requires restaurant companies to disclose calorie information on their menus. The Food and Drug
Administration has proposed rules to implement this provision that would require restaurants to post the number of calories
for most items on menus or menu boards and to make available more detailed nutrition information upon request.

LIQUOR LICENSING

A license is required to serve liquor and the issuing of licenses may be


restricted in some states, such as limiting the number of licenses in a given
area or by population.
For example, in Wisconsin, there is a license quota of one license per 500 people. Additionally, states are able to mandate
hours of operation, the price of each drink, who is able to serve (e.g. age requirement for servers) and how long an
unfinished bottle of wine may be used in the bar. Hotel and motel operators must comply with state and local service laws,
commonly called dram shop statutes. Dram shop statutes generally prohibit serving alcoholic beverages to certain persons
such as an individual who is intoxicated or a minor. Nationally, no person under 21 years can be legally served alcohol. On
the national level, a person must be 21 years of age to be legally served alcohol, which has been in place since the passing
of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984.

SMOKING BANS

Smoking laws are generally enforced at the state level as the US Congress has
not attempted to enact any nationwide federal smoking ban.
Smoking is banned in restaurants, bars and non-hospitality workplaces in many states and some local jurisdictions ban
smoking in outdoor areas. Each jurisdiction has developed legislation separately; however, most laws are relatively
consistent. There are some differences pertaining to the circumstances in which ventilated smoking rooms are permitted
and the distance smoking is banned outside a building. A growing number of cities and states now require hotels to be
100% smoke-free indoors, including guest rooms. Currently, all hotels and motels (including guest rooms) must be smoke-
free in Wisconsin, Michigan, Nebraska. Over the past decade, smoke-free hotels have gone from being almost non-existent
to the national norm. The Westin (a Starwood brand) announced the first national 100% smoke-free hotel policy for all its
properties in the US in 2006 following a report from the Surgeon General that exposure to secondhand smoke is damaging
to health. This marked a turning point for the industry and a domino effect led Marriott International Inc. to adopt a similar
policy across its portfolio of brands, followed by Starwood, Comfort Suites and several other brands.

FRANCHISING LAWS

A large proportion of industry establishments are operated under franchise


agreements.
There are both federal and state laws governing franchising, which vary from state to state. Franchising is regulated at the
federal level by the US Federal Trade Commission and applied in any region within the United States. At the state level,
various state agencies regulate franchises and laws vary between states. A state's franchise laws usually only apply if the
sale of a franchise is made in the state and the business is located in the state. Laws generally fall under three categories:
disclosure laws, registration laws and relationship laws.

Under the FTC Franchise Rule there are three elements of a franchise: the franchise has a trademark under which the
franchisee is given the right to distribute goods and services; the franchisor has significant control of or provides
significance to the franchisee's method of operation; and the franchisee is required to pay the franchisor at least $500
during the first six months of opening for business.

COVID-19 (CORONAVIRUS) RESTRICTIONS

In response to the coronavirus pandemic, many states have implemented


travel restrictions for those travelling from out of state.

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Boutique Hotels March 2021

As a result, consumers have not been travelling as frequently as they have in the past. This has had a significant impact on
industry revenue as the hotel industry has contended with lower bookings. Furthermore, the federal government has limited
travel from those coming from abroad. This has resulted in significantly less demand from foreign travelers. These
restrictions are temporary and are expected to become increasingly relaxed as the pandemic is contained.

In addition to travel restrictions, many states have imposed strict social-distancing guidelines that limit the number of
patrons within hotels and restaurants at a given time. This will negatively affect revenue as hotels will not be able to operate
at full capacity in many places.

Industry The level of industry assistance is Low and the trend is Increasing
Assistance
Operators in the Boutique Hotels industry often do not receive direct
assistance from federal, state or local governments.
However, many states use some of the funds collected by lodging taxes are spent on promoting local tourism, which can
indirectly benefit this industry. As tourism in a given area increases, industry establishments in that area will benefit as more
consumers may require overnight accommodation or choose to dine at restaurants located within industry establishments.
Although this assistance is primarily indirect, it greatly benefits industry establishments in regions that heavily promote
tourism.

Additionally, operators in the industry receive support from several industry associations and trade groups. Trade groups
such as the American Hotel and Lodging Association also lobby on the broader accommodation industry's behalf in addition
to providing research and planning networking events. This is the sole national association that represents all components
of the lodging industry. This includes individual hotel property members, hotel companies, training organizations, students
and suppliers. Its activities incorporate national advocacy, public relations and image management, education and research
and information. It also operates through 43 partner state associations to provide local representation to members.

The industry is specifically supported by the Boutique and Lifestyle Lodging Association, an international trade group for
boutique properties and suppliers. It provides members with education and advocacy services to effectively compete
against major hotel properties. It also provides consumers with an international directory of boutique property locations.

The 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which brought into effect the Paycheck Protection
Program, worked to provide small businesses with loans to aimed at assisting them maintain their payroll, and cover
applicable overhead costs to make up for interruptions to business that came as a result of the COVID-19 (coronavirus)
pandemic. Although some industry establishments were permitted to remain open for the entirety of the coronavirus
pandemic, many were forced to close temporarily or limit the number of patrons they have on premises, resulting in steep
losses for industry operators. Since the industry has many smaller operators, a significant portion of enterprises were
eligible to apply for aid through the CARES Act.

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Boutique Hotels March 2021

Key Statistics
Industry Data
Domestic
Revenue IVA Establishments Enterprises Employment Exports Imports Wages Demand Domestic
Year ($m) ($m) (Units) (Units) (Units) ($m) ($m) ($m) ($m) Trips (Million)
2012 8,055 4,271 2,582 2,009 75,330 N/A N/A 2,144 N/A 645
2013 9,665 5,036 2,957 2,319 87,330 N/A N/A 2,504 N/A 648
2014 11,630 6,108 3,422 2,704 101,376 N/A N/A 2,933 N/A 665
2015 14,171 7,275 3,917 3,100 116,684 N/A N/A 3,478 N/A 698
2016 17,311 8,722 4,629 3,677 138,533 N/A N/A 4,135 N/A 722
2017 18,367 9,008 4,721 3,788 141,091 N/A N/A 4,269 N/A 744
2018 19,388 9,743 5,168 4,158 152,192 N/A N/A 4,585 N/A 780
2019 20,589 10,325 5,699 4,598 165,103 N/A N/A 4,953 N/A 813
2020 10,427 5,570 4,987 4,140 116,050 N/A N/A 3,287 N/A 330
2021 12,392 6,734 5,610 4,642 133,341 N/A N/A 3,803 N/A 560
2022 16,869 9,163 6,682 5,479 168,760 N/A N/A 4,886 N/A 764
2023 19,132 10,374 7,378 6,042 188,208 N/A N/A 5,467 N/A 828
2024 19,811 10,771 7,807 6,405 196,635 N/A N/A 5,702 N/A 845
2025 20,389 11,109 8,267 6,796 204,865 N/A N/A 5,926 N/A 862
2026 20,958 11,434 8,724 7,186 212,930 N/A N/A 6,146 N/A 878

Annual Change
Domestic
Revenue IVA Establishments Enterprises Employment Exports Imports Wages Demand Domestic
Year (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Trips (%)
2012 19.3 21.4 16.6 16.1 19.3 N/A N/A 19.4 N/A 0.58
2013 20.0 17.9 14.5 15.4 15.9 N/A N/A 16.8 N/A 0.49
2014 20.3 21.3 15.7 16.6 16.1 N/A N/A 17.1 N/A 2.65
2015 21.8 19.1 14.5 14.6 15.1 N/A N/A 18.6 N/A 4.95
2016 22.2 19.9 18.2 18.6 18.7 N/A N/A 18.9 N/A 3.41
2017 6.09 3.27 1.98 3.01 1.84 N/A N/A 3.25 N/A 3.03
2018 5.55 8.15 9.46 9.76 7.86 N/A N/A 7.40 N/A 4.85
2019 6.19 5.98 10.3 10.6 8.48 N/A N/A 8.02 N/A 4.28
2020 -49.4 -46.1 -12.5 -9.97 -29.7 N/A N/A -33.6 N/A -59.5
2021 18.8 20.9 12.5 12.1 14.9 N/A N/A 15.7 N/A 69.9
2022 36.1 36.1 19.1 18.0 26.6 N/A N/A 28.5 N/A 36.3
2023 13.4 13.2 10.4 10.3 11.5 N/A N/A 11.9 N/A 8.48
2024 3.54 3.82 5.81 6.00 4.47 N/A N/A 4.29 N/A 2.06
2025 2.91 3.13 5.89 6.10 4.18 N/A N/A 3.93 N/A 1.91
2026 2.79 2.92 5.52 5.73 3.93 N/A N/A 3.70 N/A 1.84

Key Ratios
Imports/ Exports/ Revenue per Wages/ Employees per
IVA/Revenue Demand Revenue Employee Revenue estab.
Year (%) (%) (%) ($'000) (%) (Units) Average Wage ($)
2012 53.0 N/A N/A 107 26.6 29.2 28,465
2013 52.1 N/A N/A 111 25.9 29.5 28,673
2014 52.5 N/A N/A 115 25.2 29.6 28,927
2015 51.3 N/A N/A 121 24.5 29.8 29,804
2016 50.4 N/A N/A 125 23.9 29.9 29,845
2017 49.0 N/A N/A 130 23.2 29.9 30,258
2018 50.3 N/A N/A 127 23.7 29.4 30,129
2019 50.1 N/A N/A 125 24.1 29.0 30,002
2020 53.4 N/A N/A 89.9 31.5 23.3 28,325
2021 54.3 N/A N/A 92.9 30.7 23.8 28,519
2022 54.3 N/A N/A 100.0 29.0 25.3 28,951
2023 54.2 N/A N/A 102 28.6 25.5 29,049
2024 54.4 N/A N/A 101 28.8 25.2 28,997
2025 54.5 N/A N/A 99.5 29.1 24.8 28,926
2026 54.6 N/A N/A 98.4 29.3 24.4 28,863

Figures are inflation adjusted to 2021

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Boutique Hotels March 2021

Additional Resources
Additional Boutique & Lifestyle Leaders Association
Resources http://www.blla.org

American Hotel & Lodging Association


http://www.ahla.com

International Hotel & Restaurant Association


http://www.ih-ra.org

US Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov

Industry Jargon BOUTIQUE HOTEL


Intimate, usually luxurious or quirky and upscale hotel environments for a very particular clientele.

COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEMS (CRS)


Computerized systems used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to travel.

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (GDS)


A worldwide computerized reservation network used as a single point of access for reserving airline seats, hotel
rooms, rental cars and other travel-related items.

REVENUE PER AVAILABLE ROOM (REVPAR)


A measurement that is calculated by multiplying a hotel's average daily room rate by its occupancy rate.

Glossary BARRIERS TO ENTRY


High barriers to entry mean that new companies struggle to enter an industry, while low barriers mean it is easy for
new companies to enter an industry.

CAPITAL INTENSITY
Compares the amount of money spent on capital (plant, machinery and equipment) with that spent on labor.
IBISWorld uses the ratio of depreciation to wages as a proxy for capital intensity. High capital intensity is more than
$0.333 of capital to $1 of labor; medium is $0.125 to $0.333 of capital to $1 of labor; low is less than $0.125 of
capital for every $1 of labor.

CONSTANT PRICES
The dollar figures in the Key Statistics table, including forecasts, are adjusted for inflation using the current year (i.e.
year published) as the base year. This removes the impact of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar, leaving
only the "real" growth or decline in industry metrics. The inflation adjustments in IBISWorld’s reports are made using
the US Bureau of Economic Analysis’ implicit GDP price deflator.

DOMESTIC DEMAND
Spending on industry goods and services within the United States, regardless of their country of origin. It is derived
by adding imports to industry revenue, and then subtracting exports.

EMPLOYMENT
The number of permanent, part-time, temporary and seasonal employees, working proprietors, partners, managers
and executives within the industry.

ENTERPRISE
A division that is separately managed and keeps management accounts. Each enterprise consists of one or more
establishments that are under common ownership or control.

ESTABLISHMENT
The smallest type of accounting unit within an enterprise, an establishment is a single physical location where
business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. Multiple establishments under
common control make up an enterprise.

EXPORTS
Total value of industry goods and services sold by US companies to customers abroad.

IMPORTS
Total value of industry goods and services brought in from foreign countries to be sold in the United States.

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INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION
An indicator of the dominance of the top four players in an industry. Concentration is considered high if the top
players account for more than 70% of industry revenue. Medium is 40% to 70% of industry revenue. Low is less
than 40%.

INDUSTRY REVENUE
The total sales of industry goods and services (exclusive of excise and sales tax); subsidies on production; all other
operating income from outside the firm (such as commission income, repair and service income, and rent, leasing
and hiring income); and capital work done by rental or lease. Receipts from interest royalties, dividends and the sale
of fixed tangible assets are excluded.

INDUSTRY VALUE ADDED (IVA)


The market value of goods and services produced by the industry minus the cost of goods and services used in
production. IVA is also described as the industry's contribution to GDP, or profit plus wages and depreciation.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
The level of international trade is determined by ratios of exports to revenue and imports to domestic demand. For
exports/revenue: low is less than 5%, medium is 5% to 20%, and high is more than 20%. Imports/domestic demand:
low is less than 5%, medium is 5% to 35%, and high is more than 35%.

LIFE CYCLE
All industries go through periods of growth, maturity and decline. IBISWorld determines an industry's life cycle by
considering its growth rate (measured by IVA) compared with GDP; the growth rate of the number of establishments;
the amount of change the industry's products are undergoing; the rate of technological change; and the level of
customer acceptance of industry products and services.

NONEMPLOYING ESTABLISHMENT
Businesses with no paid employment or payroll, also known as nonemployers. These are mostly set up by self-
employed individuals.

PROFIT
IBISWorld uses earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) as an indicator of a company’s profitability. It is calculated as
revenue minus expenses, excluding interest and tax.

REGIONS
West | CA, NV, OR, WA, HI, AK
Great Lakes | OH, IN, IL, WI, MI
Mid-Atlantic | NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD
New England | ME, NH, VT, MA, CT, RI
Plains | MN, IA, MO, KS, NE, SD, ND
Rocky Mountains | CO, UT, WY, ID, MT
Southeast | VA, WV, KY, TN, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC
Southwest | OK, TX, NM, AZ

VOLATILITY
The level of volatility is determined by averaging the absolute change in revenue in each of the past five years.
Volatility levels: very high is more than ±20%; high volatility is ±10% to ±20%; moderate volatility is ±3% to ±10%;
and low volatility is less than ±3%.

WAGES
The gross total wages and salaries of all employees in the industry.

43 IBISWorld.com
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