Particular Heat Capacity: The quantity of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of a unit mass

of a substance by a specific amount—typically 1 degree Celsius or 1 Kelvin—is known as specific heat

capacity. It gauges a material’s capacity to hold heat without significantly changing temperature. Specific
heat capabilities vary across different materials.

2. **Heat:** Energy in the form of heat moves from an area with a higher temperature to one with a
lower temperature. It is a thermal energy transfer that can be quantified in calories or joules. Radiation,
convection, and conduction are all methods of transferring heat

3. A phase shift: The process of a substance changing from one physical state to another, for as from a
solid to a liquid (melting), a liquid to a gas (vaporization), or vice versa, is known as a phase change or
phase transition. The temperature doesn't change during a phase change even while heat is being added
or taken away.

4. The Kinetic Theory of Phase Change Particles are constantly moving at the molecular level, according
to the kinetic theory of matter. Instead of raising the kinetic energy of the particles during a phase
change, the energy is utilised to break or establish intermolecular interactions. For instance, energy is
used during melting to weaken the connections that hold solid particles together, allowing them to move
more freely