Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M f'k{kk vf/kdkjh
HkkfSrd foKku
HkkSfrd jkf'k fdlh oLrq] inkFkZ ;k ifj?kVuk dk xq.k gS rFkk bl xq.k dks la[;kRed eku ,oa dksbZ ekud lanHkZ iznku
fd;k tk ldrk gSA tSlsµoLrq dk nzO;eku] YkEckbZ] cy] pky] nwjh] fo|qr èkkjk] ?kuRo vkfnA HkkSfrd jkf'k;ka nks izdkj dh gksrh
gS%& vfn'k jkf'k;ka vkSj lfn'k jkf'k;kaA
uksV % yEckbZ] nzO;eku] le;] fo|qr èkkjk] rki] T;ksfr rhozrk rFkk inkFkZ dh ek=kk ewy jkf'k;ka dgykrh gSa rFkk buds
ek=kdksa dks ewy ek=kd dgrs gSaA
vfn'k jkf'k;ka (Scalar Quantities)
•• HkkSfrd jkf'k] ftuesa dsoy ifjek.k gksrk gS fn'kk ugha] mUgsa vfn'k jkf'k;ka dgk tkrk gSA
•• tSls nwjh] nzO;eku] pky] vk;ru] dk;Z] le;] ÅtkZ] fo|qr èkkjk] rki] nkcA
lfn'k jkf'k;ka (Vector Quantities)
•• HkkSfrd jkf'k] ftUgas O;Dr djus ds fy, ifjek.k ds lkFk&lkFk fn'kk dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gS] lfn'k jkf'k;k¡ dgykrh
gSaA tSls foLFkkiu] osx Roj.k] cy] laosx rFkk cy&vk?kw.kZA
•• 1 izdk'k o"kZ ¾ 9.46×1015 eh-
•• 1 ikjlsd ¾ 3.08 × 1016 eh-
•• xfr (Motion)
•• ;fn fdlh oLrq dh fLFkfr] fdlh fLFkj oLrq ds lkis{k ,dleku :i ls cny jgh gks rks og oLrq dh xfr dgykrh gSA
nwjh (Distance)
•• oLrq }kjk fdlh le;&vUrjky esa r; fd, x, ekxZ dh lEiw.kZ yEckbZ nwjh dgykrh gSA
•• ;g ,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA ;g lnSo èkukRed gksrh gSA
•• nwjh dks iznf'kZr djus osQ fy, osQoy ifjek.k (Quantity) dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
foLFkkiu (Displacement)
•• CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
oLrq dh vfUre rFkk izkjfEHkd fLFkfr ds chp dh U;wure nwjh dks foLFkkiu dgrs gSaA
2 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• ;g ,d lfn'k jkf'k gSA bldk eku èkukRed] Í.kkRed ;k 'kwU; dqN Hkh gks ldrk gSA
•• ifjek.k o fn'kk nksuksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
pky (Speed)
•• dksbZ oLrq ,dkad le; esa ftruh nwjh r; djrh gS mls mldh pky dgrs gSaA ;g ,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA bldk ek=kd
eh-@ls- (m/s) gksrk gSA
nwjh
•• pky (Speed) ¾
le;kUrjky
osx (Velocity)
•• blesa ifjek.k vkSj fn'kk nksuksa gksrh gSA
•• dksbZ oLrq ,dkad le; esa ftruh foLFkkfir gksrh gS mls oLrq dk osx dgrs gSaA
•• ;g ,d lfn'k jkf'k gSA bldk ek=kd eh-@ls- gksrk gSA
•• osx dks lkekU;r% ^v* ls iznf'kZr djrs gSA
foLFkkiu
•• osx (v) ¾
le;kUrjky
vkSlr pky (Average Speed)
•• fdlh oLrq }kjk fdlh le; vUrjky esa r; dh xbZ nwjh vkSj ml le; vUrjky ds vuqikr dks ml oLrq dh vkSlr
pky dgrs gSaA
r; dh xbZ oqQy nwjh (S)
•• vkSlr pky ¾
nwjh r; djus esa yxk le; (T)
vkSlr osx (Average Velocity)
•• oLrq ds oqQy foLFkkiu rFkk oqQy le; ds vuqikr dks ml oLrq dk vkSlr osx dgrs gSaA
oqQy foLFkkiu (D)
vkSlr osx ¾
oqQy le; (T)
lkis{k osx (Relative Velocity)
•• fdlh oLrq dk lkis{k osx] nwljs osx osQ lkis{k foLFkkiu esa ifjorZu dh nj gksrh gSA mnkgj.k%& fdlh oLrq A dk oLrq
B osQ lkis{k osx] ;g og osx gS ftl osx ls oLrq B ls ns[kus ij oLrq A pyrh gqbZ izrhr gksrh gSA
Roj.k (Acceleration)
•• fdlh oLrq ds osx ifjorZu dh nj dks ml oLrq dk Roj.k dgrs gSaA bldk ek=kd eh-@ls-2 gksrk gSA
•• ;fn le; ds lkFk oLrq dk osx c<+ jgk gS] rks Roj.k èkukRed gksrk gS ;fn le; ds lkFk oLrq dk osx ?kV jgk gS rks
Roj.k Í.kkRed gksxkA bls eUnu (retardation) dgrs gSaA
•• Roj.k dk eku fuEu lw=k }kjk Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
osx esa ifjorZu
Roj.k ¾
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
le;kUrjky
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 3
lkekU; foKku
4 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 5
lkekU; foKku
6 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 7
lkekU; foKku
8 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 9
lkekU; foKku
•• i`Foh ds xq#Ro ds dkj.k gh i`Foh ij ok;qe.My mifLFkr gS] xq#Ro ds dkj.k gh ok;qe.My ds d.k i`Foh dks NksM+dj
ugha tk ikrsA
•• pUnzek ij xq#Roh; Roj.k (g) dk eku] i`Foh ds xq#Roh; Roj.k ds eku dk 1@6 gksrk gSA
•• tc ydM+h rFkk LVhy dh xsan dks fuokZr esa ,d lkFk uhps fxjk;k tkrk gS] rks nksuksa xsan ,d lkFk i`Foh ij igq¡prh gSa
D;ksafd i`Foh }kjk yxk;k x;k xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy lHkh oLrqvksa ij ,dleku yxrk gSA
•• tc fyÝV Åij dh vksj tkrh gS] rks fyÝV esa fLFkr fi.M dk Hkkj c<+k gqvk izrhr gksrk gSA
•• tc fyÝV uhps dh vksj tkrh gS] rks fyÝV esa fLFkr fi.M dk Hkkj ?kVk gqvk izrhr gksrk gSA
•• tc fyÝV ,dleku osx ls Åij ;k uhps xfr djrh gS] rks fyÝV esa fLFkr fi.M ds Hkkj eas dksbZ ifjorZu izrhr ugha gksrk gSA
•• Mcy Msdj clksa esa Åijh fgLls esa ;kf=k;ksa dks [kM+s gksus dh vuqefr ugha gksrh D;ksafd eqM+rs le; xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk dsUnz
de gksus ds dkj.k buds iyVus dh laHkkouk vf/d jgrh gSA
•• igkM+ ij p<+rs le; ;k=kh lnSo vkxs dh vksj dks >qdrs gSaA ,slk djus ls ;k=kh dk xq#Ro dsUnz muds ikoksa ds chp ls
gksdj xqtjrk gS rFkk mUgsa vfèkd lUrqyu o LFkkf;Ro izkIr gksrk gSA
•• i`Foh ls pUnzek ij tkus ij ljy yksyd dk vkorZdky c<+ tkrk gS D;ksafd pUnzek ij xq#Roh; Roj.k dk eku ?kV tkrk gSA
•• xq#Ro ds dkj.k tks Roj.k mRiUu gksrk gS mls xq#Ro tfur Roj.k (g) dgrs gSa rFkk bldk eku 9-8 eh@ls2 gksrk gSA
•• i`Foh ry ls uhps ;k Åij tkus ij 'g' dk eku ?kVrk gSA
•• i`Foh ds dsUnz ij 'g' dk eku 'kwU; gksrk gS vr% fdlh oLrq dk Hkkj i`Foh ds dsUnz ij 'kwU; gksrk gS ysfdu nzO;eku
fu;r jgrk gSA
•• 'g' dk eku i`Foh ds èkzqo ij vf/dre gksrk gSA
•• 'g' dk eku fo"kqor js[kk ij U;wure gksrk gSA
•• i`Foh dh ?kw.kZu xfr c<+us ij 'g' dk eku de gks tkrk gSA
•• i`Foh dh ?kw.kZu xfr ?kVus ij 'g' dk eku c<+ tkrk gSA
•• ;fn i`Foh vius v{k ds pkjksa vksj ?kweuk cUn dj ns] rks èkqzoksa ds vfrfjDr izR;sd LFkku ij g ds eku esa o`f¼ gks tk;sxhA
;g o`f¼ fo"kqor js[kk ij lokZfèkd rFkk èkzqoksa ij lcls de gksxhA
mixzg (Satellite)
•• fdlh xzg ds pkjksa vksj ifjØek djus okys fi.M dks ml xzg dk ^mixzg* dgrs gSaA
•• pUnzek] i`Foh dk izkÑfrd mixzg gS] tcfd INSAT - B, i`Foh dk Ñf=ke mixzg gSA
•• mixzg dh d{kh; pky mlds nzO;eku ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gSA ,d gh f=kT;k dh d{kk esa fHkUu&fHkUu nzO;ekuksa ds mixzgksa
dh pky leku gksxhA
•• mixzg dh d{kh; pky d{kh; f=kT;k ij fuHkZj djrh gSA i`Foh ry ds vfr fudV pDdj yxkus okys mixzg dh d{kh;
pky yxHkx 7-9 ;k 8 fdeh@ls gksrh gSA
•• i`Foh ds vfr fudV PkDdj yxkus okys mixzg dk ifjØe.k dky 84 feuV dk gksrk gSA
•• CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
Hkw&LFkk;h mixzg i`Foh ry ls yxHkx 36000 fdeh dh ÅapkbZ ij jgdj i`Foh dk ifjØe.k djrk gSA
10 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• Hkw&LFkk;h mixzg i`Foh ds v{k ds yEcor~ ry esa if'pe ls iwjc dh vksj i`Foh dh ifjØek djrk gS rFkk bldk ifjØe.k
dky i`Foh ds ifjØe.k dky (24 ?k.Vs) ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
•• Hkw&rqY;dkfyd d{kk eas lapkj mixzg LFkkfir djus dh lEHkkouk lcls igys vkFkZj&lh DykoZQ us O;Dr dhA
•• rqY;dkjh mixzg dk mi;ksx jsfM;ks izlkj.k rFkk ekSle lEcUèkh Hkfo";ok.kh ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
•• i`Foh viuh èkqjh ij if'pe ls iwjc dh vksj ?kw.kZu djrh gS] blls lw;Z rFkk rkjs iwjc ls if'pe dh vksj ?kwers utj vkrs gSaA
iyk;u osx (Escape Velocity)
•• iyk;u osx og U;wure osx gS] ftlls fdlh fi.M dks i`Foh dh lrg ls Åij dh vksj iQsads tkus ij og xq#Roh; {ks=k
dks ikj dj tkrk gS RkFkk dHkh okil ugha vkrk gSA bldk eku i`Foh ry ij 11-2 fdeh@ls- gksrk gSA
•• iyk;u osx] d{kh; osx dk 2 xquk gksrk gSA
•• pUnzek ij iyk;u osx 2-38 fdeh@ls- gS] ftlds dkj.k ogk¡ ok;qe.My dk vHkko gSA
rjax (Wave)
•• rjax og fo{kksHk gS] tks ÅtkZ dk ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd lapj.k djrk gSA
•• rjaxsa lkekU;r;k nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
(i) ;kafU=kd rjaxsa (vuqnSè;Z rjax rFkk vuqizLFk rjax)A
(ii) fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxsaA
rjaxksa ds izdkj (Types of Waves)
•• vuqnSè;Z rjax (Longitudinal Wave): tc rjax xfr dh fn'kk ekè;e
ds d.kksa ds dEiu djus dh fn'kk ds vuqfn'k (;k lekUrj) gksrh gS]
rks ,slh rjax dks vuqnSè;Z rjax dgrs gSaA èofu rjaxsa] vuqnSè;Z rjaxsa blosQ
mnkgj.k gSA
•• vuqizLFk rjax (Transverse Wave): tc rjax xfr dh fn'kk ekè;e ds
d.kksa ds dEiu djus dh fn'kk ds yEcor~ gksrh gS] rks bl izdkj dh rjaxksa
dks vuqizLFk rjax dgrs gSaA tSls&ikuh dh lrg ij mRiUu rjaxsa] izdk'k rjaxsa]
vuqizLFk rjaxsa bR;kfnA
•• fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxsa (Electromagnetic Waves): ;s ,slh rjaxsa gksrh gSa]
ftlds lapj.k ds fy, fdlh ekè;e dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA izdk'k]
Å"ek] fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA ;s rjaxsa izdk'k dh pky ls
lapj.k djrh gSaA
•• dSFkksM fdj.ksa] dSuky fdj.ksa] rjax] èofu rjax rFkk ijkJO; rjaxsa fo|qr&pqEcdh;
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
rjaxsa ugha gSaA
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 11
lkekU; foKku
12 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• rkjRo èofu dk og y{k.k gS ftlls èofu dks eksVh ;k iryh dgk tkrk gSA rkjRo vko`fÙk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
•• èofu dk og y{k.k ftlds dkj.k gesa leku izcyrk rFkk leku rkjRo dh èofu;ksa esa vUrj izrhr gksrk gS] xq.koÙkk
dgykrk gSA
•• izfrèofu lquus ds fy;s lzksr rFkk ijkorZu lrg ds chp&U;wure 17 eh- dh nwjh gksuh pkfg,A
•• dku ij èofu dk izHkko 1@10 lsosQaM rd jgrk gSA
•• èofu ds viorZu ds dkj.k èofu fnu dh vis{kk jkr esa vfèkd nwjh rd lqukbZ iM+rh gSA
•• pUnzek ij ok;qe.My dh vuqifLFkfr ds dkj.k gh izfrèofu ugha lquk;h iM+rh gSA
vuqukn (Resonance)
•• tc fdlh oLrq ds dEiu dh LoHkkfod vko`fÙk fdlh pkyd cy ds dEiu dh vko`fÙk ds cjkcj gksrh gS] rks og oLrq
cgqr vfèkd vk;ke ls dEiu djus yxrh gS ;g ?kVuk vuqukn dgykrh gSA
eSd la[;k (Mach Number)
•• fdlh ekè;e esa fdlh fi.M dh pky rFkk mlh ekè;e eas rki ,oa nkc dh mUgha ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa èofu dh pky ds
vuqikr dks ml oLrq dh ml ekè;e eas eSd la[;k dgrs gSaA
•• ;fn eSd la[;k 1 ls vfèkd gS rFkk fi.M dh pky ijkèofud 5 ls vfèkd gS rks èofu dh pky vfr ijkèofud
dgykrh gSA
MkWIyj izHkko (Doppler's Effect)
•• tc fdlh èofu lzksr ,oa Jksrk osQ chp vkisf{kd xfr gksrh gS] rks Jksrk dks èofu dh vko`fÙk mldh okLrfod vko`fÙk
ls vyx lqukbZ iM+rh gS] bls gh MkWIyj izHkko dgrs gSA
iz?kkrh rjaxsa (Shock Waves)
•• tc dksbZ oLrq ijkèofu gks tkrh gS rks og vius ihNs ekè;e esa 'kaDokdkj fo{kksHk NksM+rh gSA bl fo{kksHk ds lapj.k dks
gh iz?kkrh rjaxsa dgrs gSaA
izfrcy (Stress)
•• izfr ,dkad {ks=kiQy ij yxk, x, cy dks izfrcy dgrs gSaA bldk ek=kd U;wVu@eh2 ;k ikLdy gksrk gSA
foœfr (Strain)
•• fdlh oLrq osQ ,dkad vkdkj eas ifjorZu ml oLrq dh foÑfr dgykrh gSA
izR;kLFkrk xq.kkad
•• izfrcy rFkk foÑfr dk vuqikr ,d fu;rkad gksrk gS] bls izR;kLFkrk xq.kkad dgrs gSaA
bls gqd dk fu;e Hkh dgrs gSaA
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 13
lkekU; foKku
nkc (Pressure)
•• fdlh lrg ds ,dkad {ks=kiQy ij yxus okys cy dks nkc dgrs gSaA
cy (F)
nkc ¾
{ks=kiQy (A)
14 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
vkfdZfeMht dk fLkºkUr
•• tc dksbZ oLrq fdlh nzo esa MqcksbZ tkrh gS] rks mlds
Hkkj esa deh gksrh gS] Hkkj esa ;g vkHkklh deh oLrq
}kjk gVk, x, nzo ds Hkkj ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
•• yksgs dh cuh NksVh&lh xsan ikuh esa Mwc tkrh gS
rFkk cM+k tgkt rSjrk jgrk gS D;ksafd tgkt }kjk
foLFkkfir fd, x, ty dk Hkkj mlds Hkkj ds cjkcj
gksrk gSA
•• gok dh vis{kk ikuh esa oLrq dks mBkuk vklku gksrk
gS] D;ksafd ikuh eas oLrq ds Hkkj esa deh gksrh gSA
•• gkbMªkstu ls Hkjs xqCckjs gok eas mM+rs gSa D;ksafd
gkbMªkstu dk Hkkj blds }kjk foLFkkfir ok;q ds Hkkj
ls de gksrk gSA
?kuRo (Density)
•• nzO;eku izfr ,dkad vk;ru ?kuRo dgykrk gSA
nzO;eku
?kuRo ¾
vk;ru
•• ?kuRo dk ek=kd fdyksxzke ehVj&3
oLrq dk ?kuRo
•• vkisf{kd ?kuRo ¾
4º C ij ikuh dk ?kuRo
•• vkisf{kd ?kuRo dks gkbMªksehVj ls ekik tkrk gSA
•• yksgs dk ?kuRo ty ds ?kuRo ls vfèkd rFkk ikjs ds ?kuRo ls de gksrk gS blfy, yksgs dk VqdM+k ikuh esa Mqc tkrk
gS] ysfdu ikjs esa rSjrk jgrk gSA
•• fdlh crZu esa ikuh Hkjk gS vkSj ml ij ciZQ rSj jgh gS] tc ciZQ iwjh rjg fi?ky tk,xh] rks ik=k esa ikuh dk ry c<+rk
ugha gS] igys ds leku gh jgrk gSA
•• tc ciZQ ikuh esa rSjrh gS] rks mlds vk;ru dk 1@10 Hkkx ikuh ds Åij jgrk gSA
•• leqnz ds ty dk ?kuRo lkèkkj.k ty ls vfèkd gksrk gSA blfy, leqnzh ty eas rSjuk vklku gksrk gSA
•• nw/ dh 'kq¼rk nqX/ekih (Lactometer) ls ekih tkrh gSA
i`"B ruko (Surface Tension)
•• fdlh nzo dk og xq.k ftlds dkj.k nzo dh lrg ruh gqbZ f>Yyh ds leku O;ogkj djrh gS o U;wure {ks=kiQy izkIr
djus dh ps"Vk djrh gS rc ;g i`"B
ruko dgykrk gSA
•• nzo dk rki c<+kus ij i`"B ruko
de gks tkrk gS vkSj ØkfUrd rki
'kwU; gks tkrk gSA
•• i`"B ruko dk ek=kd U;wVu@eh- gksrk
gSA
F
•• i`"B ruko_ T ¾ F ¾ cy]
L
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
L¾js[kk dh yackbZ
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 15
lkekU; foKku
16 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
';kurk (Viscosity)
•• fdlh nzo ;k xSl dh nks Øekxr ijrksa ds chp mudh vkisf{kd xfr dk fojksèk djus okys ?k"kZ.k cy dks ';ku cy dgrs
gSaA rjy dk og xq.k ftlds dkj.k rjy fofHkUUk ijrksa ds eè; vkisf{kd xfr dk fojksèk djrk gS ';kurk dgykrk gSA
•• ';kurk dsoy nzoksa rFkk xSlksa dk xq.k gSA
•• ,d vkn'kZ rjy dh ';kurk 'kwU; gksrh gSA
•• rki c<+us ij nzoksa dh ';kurk ?kV tkrh gS] ijUrq xSlksa dh c<+ tkrh gSA
•• nzoksa esa ';kurk] v.kqvksa ds eè; yxus okys laltd cyksa ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
•• fdlh rjy dh ';kurk dks ';kurk xq.kkad }kjk ekik tkrk gSA bld SI ek=kd Ioktyh ;k ikLdy lsoaQM gSA
cjukSyh izes; (Bernoulli's Theorem)
•• tc dksbZ vkn'kZ nzo fdlh uyh esa èkkjk js[kh; izokg
esa cgrk gS] rks mlosQ ekxZ osQ izR;sd fcUnq ij mlds
,dkad vk;ru dh oqQy ÅtkZ (nkc ÅtkZ] xfrt ÅtkZ
,oa fLFkfrt ÅtkZ) dk ;ksx fu;r jgrk gSA
•• osUpqjhehVj] cqulu cuZj] dkcZu fiQYVj iEi] eSxul
izHkko rFkk ok;q;ku dh xfr cjukSyh izes; ij vkèkkfjr
gSA
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 17
lkekU; foKku
•• ;fn fyÝV eqDr :i ls xq#Ro ds vUrxZr fxj jgh gS] rc yksyd dk vkorZdky vUkUr gks tk,xkA
•• yksyd ?kM+h xehZ esa lqLr rFkk lnhZ esa rst gksrh gSA
•• pUnzek ij yksyd ?kM+h dks ys tkus ij mldk vkorZdky c<+ tk,xk D;ksafd pUnzek ij ^g* dk eku i`Foh ij ^g* ds
eku dk 1@6 xquk gSA
≈"ek
•• Å"ek ,d ÅtkZ gS ftlls gesa oLrq dh xekZgV dk vglkl gksrk gSA fdlh oLrq esa fufgr Å"ek ml oLrq ds nzO;eku
ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
•• bldk ek=kd dSyksjh] fdyksdSyksjh rFkk twy gSA
•• 1 dSyksjh = 4.186 twyA
•• oSQyksjh ¾ ,d xzke ty osQ rki 1OC c<+kus osQ fy, vko';d m"ek dh ek=kk dks oSQyksjh dgrs gSaA
mG"ekxfrdh (Thermodynamics)
•• mQ"ekxfrdh dk izFke fu;e
;g eq[;r% ^mQtkZ laj{k.k* dk fu;e gSA
bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj fdlh fudk; dks nh tkus okyh m"ek nks izdkj osQ dk;ks± esa O;; gksrh gS
1- fudk; dh vkarfjd mQtkZ esaA
2- ckâ; dk;Z djus esaA
•• mQ"ekxfrdh dk nwljk fu;e
;g fu;e mQtkZ osQ izokfgr gksus dh fn'kk dks O;Dr djrk gSA
bl fu;e dks nks dFkuksa osQ :i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS] tks fuEu gSA
1- Dykfl;l osQ dFku osQ vuqlkj] ¶m"ek vius de rki dh oLrq ls vf/d rki dh oLrq dh vksj
izokfgr ugh gks ldrhA¸
2- osQyfou osQ dFku osQ vuqlkj] ¶m"kek dk iw.kZr;k dk;Z esa ifjorZu vlaHko gSA¸
rki (Temperature)
•• rki] fdlh oLrq dh xekZgV rFkk BaMd dk ekiu gSA
•• tc nks oLrq,¡ laioZQ esa fLFkr gksrh gS] rks Å"ek dk izokg lnSo Å¡ph rki okyh oLrq ls uhps rki okyh oLrq esa gksrk gSA
•• lsfYl;l iSekus esa ciZQ ds fgekad dks 0OC rFkk ty ds DoFkukad dks 100OC ekuk tkrk gSA bl iSekus dk vkfo"dkj]
lu~ 1710 esa ,- lsfYl;l us fd;k FkkA
•• j;wej iSekus esa ty ds fgekad dks OOR rFkk DoFkukad dks 80OR ekuk x;k gSA bldk vkfo"dkj j;wej uked oSKkfud
us lu~ 1730 esa fd;k FkkA
•• oLrq ds rki dks ekius ds fy, tks ;U=k iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] mls FkekZehVj dgrs gSaA
••
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
ekuo 'kjhj dk lkekU; rki 37OC ;k 98.4OF ;k 310-15 dsfYou gSA
18 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 19
lkekU; foKku
izdk'k
•• izdk'k ,d izdkj dh ÅtkZ gS] tks fo|qr&pqEcdh; rjaxksa ds :i esa lapkfjr gksrh gSA izdk'k ,d vuqizLFk rjax gksrh gSA
•• izdk'k ds osx dh x.kuk lcls igys jksej us dh FkhA
•• ok;q rFkk fuokZr esa izdk'k dh pky lcls vfèkd (3×108 m/s) gksrh gSA
•• lw;Z dk izdk'k i`Foh ij 8 feuV 19 lsdaM esa igq¡prk gSA
•• pUnzek ls ijkofrZr izdk'k dks i`Foh rd vkus esa 1-28 lsdaM dk le; yxrk gSA
•• izdk'k ds izfr O;ogkj ds vkèkkj ij oLrqvksa dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS tSls%&
1- os oLrq,¡ tks Lo;a ds izdk'k ls izdkf'kr gksrh gS iznhIr oLrq,¡ dgykrh gSa tSls& lw;Z
2- os oLrq,¡ ftudk viuk Lo;a dk izdk'k ugha gksrk gS] ysfdu izdk'k Mkyus ij fn[kkbZ nsus yxrh gSaA mnhIr oLrq,¡
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
dgykrh gSA tSls_ est] dqlhZ vkfnA
20 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 21
lkekU; foKku
•• fctyh pedrs le; izdk'k igys fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rFkk èofu ckn eas lqukbZ nsrk gS] D;ksafd izdk'k dh pky èofu dh vis{kk
vfèkd gksrh gSaA
•• lw;ksZn; ds igys rFkk lw;ksZn; ds ckn Hkh vkdk'k yky fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
•• izdk'k ds viorZu ds dkj.k nzo esa va'kr% Mwch gqbZ lhèkh NM+ Vs<+h fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS rFkk ty ds vUnj iM+h gqbZ oLrq
okLrfod xgjkbZ ls dqN Åij fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
•• izdk'k ds O;frdj.k xq.k ds dkj.k ty dh lrg ij iQSyh gqbZ dSjksflu (feV~Vh dk rsy) dh ijr lw;Z ds izdk'k esa
jaxhu fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA
izdk'k dk o.kZ fo{ksi.k (Dispersion of Light)
•• U;wVu ds vuqlkj tc izdk'k dh fdj.k ,d irys fizTe ls gksdj xqtjrh gS] rks fuxZr fdj.k vius ekxZ ls fopfyr gksus
ds lkFk&lkFk lkRk fofHkUu jaxksa ds izdk'k esa foHkDr gks tkrh gSA bl ?kVuk dks o.kZ fo{ksi.k dgrs gSaA
•• fizTe ls 'osr izdk'k ds dkj.k izkIr lkr jaxksa dh ifV~Vdk (Band) dks o.kZØe ;k LisDVªe dgrs gSaA bl LisDVªe esa jaxksa
dk Øe bl izdkj gksrk gS& VIBGYOR A
•• fdlh oLrq dk jax] mlds }kjk ijkofrZr gksus okyk izdk'k gksrk gSA
•• cSaxuh jax lcls vfèkd rFkk yky jax lcls de fopfyr gksrk gSA
•• Ykky] gjk vkSj uhys jax dks izkFkfed jax ;k ewy jax
dgrs gSaA
jaxksa dk feJ.k bl izdkj gksrk gS
•• yky $ gjk $ uhyk ¾ liQsn
•• gjk $ uhyk ¾ eksjuh jax@fidkWd Cyw
•• yky $ gjk ¾ ihyk
•• yky $ uhyk ¾ eStsaVk
•• eStsaVk] eksjuh jax o ihyk f}rh;d jax dgykrs gSaA
•• ;fn fdlh oLrq ls liQsn izdk'k ds lHkh lkr jax
ijkofrZr gksrs gSa] rks og oLrq gesa liQsn fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
•• ;fn fdlh oLrq }kjk liQsn izdk'k ds lHkh lkr jax vo'kksf"kr gks tkrs gSa] rks og oLrq gesa dkyh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
•• jaxhu Vsyhfotu esa izkFkfed jax yky] gjk ,oa uhyk dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
xksyh; niZ.k (Spherical Mirror)
•• xksyh; niZ.k nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa
(i) vory niZ.kA
(ii) mÙky niZ.kA
•• ftl xksyh; niZ.k dh ijkorZd lrg mHkjh jgrh gS mls mÙky niZ.k dgrs gSaA mÙky niZ.k dks vilkjh (Diverging Mirror)
22 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• mÙky ,oa vory nksuksa gh niZ.k fdlh xksys ds dVs Hkkx gksrs gSaA vr% ml xksys dk dsUnz niZ.k dk oØrk dsUnz dgykrk gSA
•• niZ.k dk eè; fcUnq èkzqo dgykrk gSA
•• niZ.k ds oØrk dsUnz ,oa èkzqo dks feykus okyh js[kk niZ.k dh izèkku v{k js[kk dgykrh gSA
•• oØrk dsUnz ,oa èkzqo dk feykus okyh ljy js[kk ds eè; fcUnq dks niZ.k dk iQksdl dgrs gSaA
oozQrk f=kT;k
iQksdl nwjh ¾
2
vory niZ.k ds mi;ksx
(i) nk<+h cukus esaA
(ii) vka[k] dku ,oa ukd ds MkWDVj ds }kjk mi;ksx esaA
(iii) xkM+h dh gsMykbV esaA
(iv) lksyj dwdj esaA
(v) ijkorZd nwjchuA
mŸky niZ.k ds mi;ksx
(i) xkM+h esa pkyd dh lhV ds ikl ihNs ds n`'; dks ns[kus esaA
(ii) lksfM;e ijkorZd ySEi esaA
vko/kZu (Magnification)
•• izfrfcEc dh yEckbZ vkSj oLrq dh yEckbZ ds vuqikr dks vkoèkZu dgrs gSaA
•• mÙky niZ.k ls cuk izfrfcEc oLrq ls NksVk] lhèkk ,oa vkHkklh gksrk gS] tcfd vory niZ.k ls cuk izfrfcEc cM+k o
okLrfod gksrk gSA
ysUl (Lens)
•• izdkf'kd fcUnq (Optical centre) ;g ysUl
ds vUnj fLFkr og fcUnq gS] ftlls xqtjus
ij izdk'k fdj.kksa dk fopyu ugha gksrk gSA
•• eq[; v{k (Principal axis) ysUl ds nksuksa
i`"Bksa ds oØrk dsUnz dks feykus okyh js[kk
dks ysUl dk eq[; v{k dgrs gSaA
•• iQksdl (Focus) eq[; v{k ds lekukUrj vkus
okyh fdj.ksa ysUl ds viorZu ds i'pkr~
ftl fcUnq ij fey tkrh gS vFkok feyrh
gqbZ izrhr gksrh gS mls ysUl dk iQksdl•
dgrs gSaA
•• iQksdl nwjh (Focal Length) izdkf'kd dsUnz
ls iQksdl rd dh nwjh dks iQksdl nwjh dgrs
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
gSaA
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 23
lkekU; foKku
•• ysUl nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa % mÙky ysUl vkSj vory ysUlA
•• mÙky ysal& ;g fdukjksa ij irys ,oa chp esa eksVs gksrs gSA bls vfHklkjh ysal Hkh dgrs gSA
•• vory ysal& ;g fdukjksa ij eksVk o chp esa iryk gksrk gSA bls vilkjh ysal Hkh dgrs gSA
•• mÙky ysUl dh {kerk èkukRed ,oa vory ysUl dh {kerk Í.kkRed gksrh gSA
•• tc ysUl mlls vfèkd viorZukad okys nzo esa Mqck;k tkrk gS] rks bldh iQksdl nwjh c<+ tkrh gS rFkk mÙky ysUl]
vory ysUl dh Hkkafr rFkk vory ysUl] mÙky ysUl dh Hkkafr gksrk gSA
•• nzo esa ok;q dk cqycqyk vory ysUl dh Hkkafr dk;Z O;ogkj djrk gSA
ekuo us=
•• ekuo us=k izdkf'kd ;U=k gS] tks iQksVksxzkfiQd dSejs dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gS blds }kjk okLrfod izfrfcEc jsfVuk ij
curk gSA
•• Li"V n`f"V dh U;wUkre nwjh 25 lseh gksrh gSA
•• lkekU; vka[kksa ls ns[kh tk ldus okyh vfèkdre nwjh vuUr gSaA
n`f"V nks"k (Defects of Vision)
•• fudV n`f"V nks"k (Myopia) bl jksx ls xzflr O;fDr utnhd
dh oLrq rks ns[k ysrk gS] ijUrq nwj fLFkr oLrq dks ugha ns[k ikrk
gSA bl nks"k ds fuokj.k esa vory ysUl dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dkj.k&
ysUl dh xksykbZ c<+ tkrh gSA
ysUl dh iQksdl nwjh ?kV tkrh gSA
ysUl dh {kerk c<+ tkrh gS
bl dkj.k oLrq dk izfrfcac jsfVuk ij u cudj jsfVuk osQ vkxs
cu tkrk gSA
•• nwj n`f"V nks"k (Hypermetropia) bl jksx ls xzflr O;fDr fudV dh oLrq ugha ns[k ikrk gSA bl nks"k ds fuokj.k ds
fy, mÙky ysUl dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dkj.k
ysUl dh xksykbZ de gks tkrh gSA
ysUl dh iQksdl nwjh c<+ tkrh gSA
ysUl dh {kerk ?kV tkrh gSA
blosQ dkj.k fudV dh oLrq dk izfrfcEc jsfVuk osQ ihNs curk gSA
•• tjk n`f"V nks"k (Presbyopia) bl nks"k esa O;fDr nwj rFkk ikl dh oLrqvksa dks ugha ns[k ikrk gSA bl nks"k dk fuokj.k
f}iQksdlh; ysUl }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
•• vfcUnqdrk ;k n`f"V oS"kE; (Astigmatism) blesa us=k {kSfrt fn'kk esa rks Bhd ns[k ikrk gS] ijUrq ÅèoZ fn'kk esa ugha
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
ns[k ikrk gSA blds fuokj.k ds fy, csyukdkj ysUl dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
24 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
lw{en'khZ dk iz;ksx NksVh oLrqvksa dks ns[kus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS tcfd nwjn'khZ dk iz;ksx nwj dh oLrqvksa dks ns[kus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
vkos'k (Charge)
•• inkFkksaZ dks ijLij jxM+us ij mlesa tks vkos'k dh ek=kk lafpr jgrh gS mls fLFkj fo|qr vkos'k dgrs gSaA
•• csUtkfeu ÚSdfyu (Benjamin Frankin) us nks izdkj ds vkos'kksa dks èkukRed vkos'k rFkk Í.kkRed vkos'k uke fn;k gSA
•• leku izdkj ds vkos'k ijLij izfrdf"kZr djrs gSa rFkk foijhr izdkj ds vkos'k ijLij vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA
•• fdlh [kks[kys pkyd ds vanj fo|qr {ks=k 'kwU; gksrk gSA
•• os ftuosQ ekè;e ls fo|qr /kjk ljyrk ls izokfgr gksrh gSA mUgsa fo|qr pkyd dgrs gSaA tSls& pkanh] rkack] ,Y;qehfu;e
vkfnA
•• pkanh lcls vPNk pkyd gS blds ckn nwljk LFkku ij rk¡cs dk gSA
•• oqQpkyd ftu inkFkksaZ ls gksdj fo|qr vkos'k dk izokg ugha gksrk gS] mUgsa oqQpkyd dgrs gSaA tSls& ydM+h] jcj] dkxt
vkfnA
dwykWe dk fu;e (Coulomb's Law)
•• nks fLFkj fo|qr vkos'kksa ds chp yxus okyk vkd"kZ.k vFkok izfrd"kZ.k cy nksuksa fo/qr vkos'kksa dh ek=kkvksa ds xq.kuiQy
ds vuqØekuqikrh ,oa muds chp dh nwjh ds oxZ ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrh gSA
fo|qr lsy (Electric Cell)
•• fo|qr lsy nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa
(i) izkFkfed lsyA
(ii) f}rh;d lsyA
•• izkFkfed lsyksa esa jklk;fud ÅtkZ dks lhèkk fo|qr ÅtkZ esa
ijkofrZr fd;k tkrk gS ftlds ckn og csdkj gks tkrk gSA
•• oksYVh; lsy] ysDyka'ks lsy] Msfu;y lsy vkSj 'kq"d lsy vkfn
izkFkfed lsy ds mnkgj.k gSaA
•• f}rh;d lsy esa fo|qr mQtkZ dks jklk;fud mQtkZ esa ifjofrZr djds lsy dks LVksj fd;k tkrk gS ckn esa vko';drk iM+us
ij jklk;fud mQtkZ dks iqu% fo|qr mQtkZ esa ifjofrZr djds mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
•• fdlh pkyd es fo|qr vkos'k ds izokg dh nj dks fo|qr èkkjk dgrs gSaA bldk ek=kd ,fEi;j gSA ;g ,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA
26 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• ;wfuV (Unit): ,d ;wfuV fo|qr ÅtkZ dh og ek=kk gS tks fdlh ifjiFk esa ,d ?k.Vs esa O;; gksrh gS tcfd ifjiFk esa
1 fdyksokWV dh 'kfDr gksA
oksYV × ,fEi;j × ?k.Vk
;wfuV ¾
1000
okV × ?k.Vk
¾ 1000
pqEcd (Magnet)
28 BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902
[kaM f'k{kk vf/dkjh
•• jsfM;kslfØ;rk dh [kkst Úsap oSKkfud gsujh csdjy] ,e- D;wjh rFkk ih D;wjh us dh FkhA bl [kkst ds fy, bu rhuksa dks
la;qDr :i ls ukscsy iqjLdkj feykA
•• ftu ukfHkdksa esa izksVkWu dh la[;k 83 ;k mlls vfèkd gksrh gS] os vLFkk;h gksrs gSaA LFkkf;Ro izkIr djus ds fy, ;s ukfHkd
Lor% gh vYiQk (α ), chVk (β ), ,oa xkek (γ ), fdj.kas mRlftZr djus yxrh gSa] bl mRltZu dh ?kVuk dks jsfM;ks
lfozQ;rk dgrs gSa
•• jkcVZ fi;js ,oa mudh iRuh eSMe D;wjh us u;s jsfM;ks ,fDVo rRo jsfM;e dh [kkst dhA
•• lHkh izkÑfrd jsfM;kslfØ; ,oa rRo fdj.kksa ds mRltZu ds ckn vUrr% lhlk esa cny tkrs gSaA
ukfHkdh; fj,DVj (Nuclear Reactor)
ukfHkdh; fj,DVj ,d ,slh ;qfDr
gS] tks ukfHkdh; fo[k.Mu ls izkIr ÅtkZ dk
mi;ksx fo|qr ÅtkZ ds mRiknu esa djrk gSA
•• fj,DVj esa bZaèku ds :i esa
;wjsfu;e&235 ;k IywVksfu;e& 239
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
•• fj,DVj esa eUnd ds :i esa Hkkjh ty
;k xzsiQkbV dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ukfHkdh; fj,DVj ds mi;ksx
•• blls izkIr ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ls fo|qr~
ÅtkZ izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
•• fj,DVj esa vusd izdkj ds leLFkkfud mRiUu fd, tk ldrs gSa ftldk mi;ksx fpfdRlk] foKku] Ñf"k vkfn esa fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
•• fj,DVj esa fu;U=kd NM+ (Controller Rod) ds :i esa dSMfe;e ;k cksjkWu NM+ dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu (Nuclear Fission)
•• og ukfHkdh; izfrfozQ;k ftlesa dksbZ ,d Hkkjh ukfHkd nks Hkkxksa esa VwVrk gS] ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu dgykrk gSA fo[kaMu osQ
nkSjku mRIkUu mQtkZ dks ukfHkdh; mQtkZ dgrs gSA
•• lcls igys ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu (Fission) vesfjdh oSKkfud LVªkleSu ,oa gkWu osQ }kjk fn[kk;k x;kA
ukfHkdh; lay;u (Nuclear Fusion)
•• tc nks ;k nks ls vf/d gYosQ ukfHkd la;qDr gksdj ,d Hkkjh ukfHkd cukrs gSa o vR;f/d mQtkZ foeqDr djrs gSa] rks bl
vfHkfozQ;k dks ukfHkdh; lay;u dgrs gSA
•• lw;Z ,oa rkjksa ls izkIr mQtkZ ,oa izdk'k dk lzksr ukfHkdh; lay;u gh gSA
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 29
lkekU; foKku
•• ckbuksD;wyj (Binocular) : ;g midj.k nwj dh oLrq,¡ ns[kus ds dke esa vkrk gSA
•• dSyhilZ (Calipers) : blds }kjk csyukdkj oLrqvksa ds vUnj rFkk ckgj ds O;kl ekis tkrs gSa rFkk blls oLrq dh eksVkbZ
Hkh ekih tkrh gSA
•• dSYkksjhehVj (Calorimeter) : ;g midj.k rkacs dk cuk gksrk gS vkSj Å"ek dh ek=kk Kkr djus ds dke esa vkrk gSA
•• dkjcqjsVj (Carburetter) : blls vUrnZgu isVªksy bUtuksa esa isVªksy rFkk gok dk feJ.k cuk;k tkrk gSA
•• fluseSVksxzkiQ (Cinematograph) : NksVh&NksVh fiQYeksa dks cM+k djds insZ ij yxkrkj Øe esa iz{ksi.k (Projection) djus
ds fy, bl ;U=k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
•• dE;wVsVj (Cummutator) : blls fdlh ifjiFk esa fo|qr èkkjk dh fn'kk cnyh tkrh gSA
•• lkbVksVªkWu (Cytotrone) : Ñf=ke ekSle mRiUu djus esa dke vkus okyk ;U=kA
•• Mk;useksehVj (Dynamometer) : fo|qr 'kfDr dks ekius dk ;U=kA
•• fMDVkiQksu (Dictaphone) : viuh ckr rFkk vkns'k nwljs O;fDr dks lqukus ds y, bl ;U=k }kjk fjdkWMZ fd;k tkrk gSA
•• iQSnksehVj (Fathometer) : ;g ;U=k leqnz dh xgjkbZ ukius ds dke vkrk gSA
•• xkbxj ewyj dkmUVj % bl midj.k dh lgk;rk ls jsfM;ks ,fDVo lzksr ds fofdj.k dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA
•• xzSohehVj % bl ;U=k ds }kjk ikuh dh lrg ij rsy dh mifLFkfr Kkr dh tkrh gSA
•• xkbjksLdksi (Gyroscope) : bl ;U=k ls ?kwerh gqbZ oLrqvksa dh xfr Kkr djrs gSaA
•• gkbMªksehVj (Hydrometer) : ;g nzo dk vkisf{kr ?kuRo dh x.kuk djus osQ dke esa vkus okyk midj.k gSA
•• gkbxzksLdksi (Hygroscope) : ;g ok;qe.Myh; vknzZrk esa ifjorZu fn[kkus okyk ;U=k gSA
•• fdeksxzkiQ (Kymograph) : ;g ;U=k jDr pki (Blood Pressure), ân;&LiUnu (Heart Beats), vkfn 'kkjhfjd xfr;ksa
;k dkjdksa ds ifjorZu dk xzkiQ cukrk gSA
•• ySDVksehVj (Lactometer) : nwèk dh 'kq¼rk tk¡p djus dk ;U=k gSA ;g ;U=k nwèk dk vkisf{kd ?kuRo ekirk gS ftlls
mlesa ikuh dh ek=kk dk Kkr gksrk gSA
•• nkcekih (Manometer) : blls xSlksa dk nkc Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA
•• eSdehVj (Machmeter) : ;g ;U=k ok;q dh xfr dks èofu dh xfr ds inksa dks (In terms of ) ekirk gSA
•• pqEcdRoekih (Magnetometer) : ;g fofHkUu pqEcdh; vk?kw.kks± (Moments) rFkk pqEcdh; {ks=kksa (Fields) dh rqyuk
djus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkus okyk ;U=k gSA
•• ekbØksiQksu (Microphone) : ;g ;U=k èofu rjaxksa dks fo|qr LiUnuksa esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA
•• vksMksehVj (Odometer) : blls eksVj xkM+h dh xfr dks Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA bls pDdj ekih Hkh dgrs gSaA
•• isfjLdksi (Periscope) : blds }kjk tc iuMqCch ikuh ds vUnj gksrh gS rks ikuh dh lrg dk voyksdu fd;k tk ldrk
gS vkSj mlesa cSBs yksx fcuk fdlh dks eglwl gq, fcuk fdlh ckèkk ds ckgjh gypyksa dks ns[k ldrs gSaA nhokj ds nwljh
vksj (vius dejs eas gh cSBs gq,) ns[kus ds fy, Hkh bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
•• ik;jksehVj (Pyrometer) : ;g mPp èofu rkiksa (High Temperatures) dks ekius dk ;U=k gS] tSls lw;Z dk rkiA
•• iksyhxzkiQ (Polygraph) : bl ;U=k dks >wB dk irk yxkus ds fy, ykbZ&fMVsDVj ds :i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
CLICK HERE FOR COMPLET
;U=k ,d lkFk gh dbZ 'kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa ds ifjorZuksa dks fjdkWMZ djrk gS] tSls] ân;&LiUnu jDr] pki] 'olu vkfnA
BEO Notes
DELHI (H.O.): 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 31
lkekU; foKku
•• jMkj (Radar) : jsfM;ks rjaxksa }kjk ikl vkrs gq, ok;q;ku dh fn'kk vkSj nwjh dks Kkr djus ds fy, bl ;U=k dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA jMkj (RADAR) okLro esa laf{kIr :i gS Radio Detection and Ranging dkA
•• jsfM,Vj (Radiator) : ;g dkjksa rFkk xkfM+;kas ds batuksa dks B.Mk djus okyk midj.k gSA
•• jsfM;ksehVj (Radiometer) : bl ;U=k }kjk fofdj.k ÅtkZ dh rhozrk dks ukik tkrk gSA
•• flLeksxzkiQ (Seismograph) : bl ;U=k ls i`Foh dh lrg ij vkus okys HkwdEi ds >Vds dh rhozrk dk xzkiQ Lor% gh
fpf=kr gks tkrk gSA
•• LisDVªksehVj (Specrometer) : bl ;U=k ds ekè;e ls fofHkUu izdkj ds LisDVªeksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS rFkk fofHkUu
jaxksa ds rjax&nSè;Z dks ekik tkrk gSA
•• LihMksehVj (Speedometer) : blls eksVjxkM+h dh xfr ekih tkrh gSA
•• fLiQXekseSuksehVj (Sphygmomanometer) : blls ekuo dh èkefu;ksa esa cgus okys jDr dk nkc ekik tkrk gSA
•• VªkaliQkWeZj (Transformer) : blds }kjk de ;k vfèkd oksYVst dh AC dks vfèkd ;k de oksYVst dh AC esa cnyk
tkrk gSA
•• VsyhehVj (Telemeter) : nwj LFkkuksa ij gksus okyh HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa dks fjdkWMZ djus okyk vkSj ekius okyk ;U=kA
•• VSfd;ksehVj (Tachometer) : ok;q;ku dh xfr vkfn ekius okyk ;U=kA
•• VªkUliks.Mj (Transponder) : ;g ;U=k ijkèofu (vYVªklksfud lkm.M) dks ekirk gS vkSj mldks iz;qDr djrk gSA bldk
mi;ksx efLr"d ds V~;wej dk irk yxkus] ân; ds nks"kksa dks Kkr djus vkfn ds fy, bdksxzke (Echogram) cukus esa
fd;k tkrk gSA
•• osUpqjhehVj (Venturimeter) : nzo ds izokg dh nj Kkr djus dk ;U=kA
•• foLdksehVj (Viscometer): ;g ;U=k fdlh nzo dh ';kurk (Viscosity) ekirk gSA