COMMODELPO
WEEK 13
U.S. POLICE DEPARTMENT
Who will respond? (Two fold)
• First, one must determine which government unit
prohibits the acts. For example, homicide is an act
that is prohibited at the state level. So, as a general
rule, only law enforcement agencies with authority to
enforce state laws may investigate the crime of
murder.
• Second, one must look at the place (venue) where
the criminal act occurred.
• If the murder occurred in Alabama, the Alabama
authorities will be responsible in investigating the
crime.
1. CITY POLICE
• City police are mainly responsible for enforcing the
law in their own city.
• A small town may have a police force of only one or
two officers.
• NYPD is the largest city police department in the
United States
• In most cities in USA, The MAYOR appoints the head
of the police department in cities.
2. COUNTY POLICE
• The powers of a county police force extend
throughout the county.
• The chief law enforcement officer in most counties is
called sheriff.
3. STATE POLICE (trooper)
• Headed by a commissioner or superintendent.
• State Governor appoints the commissioner or
superintendent.
4. FEDERAL POLICE
• They are responsible in enforcing law within the
whole country of USA including outside boarders.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Chief investigating branch of the United States
Department of Justice;
• Investigates federal crimes and handles cases
involving stolen money or property
• that has been taken from one state to another.
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
• A computerized information system that stores
records on wanted persons and stolen property
 Who operates it? FBI
 Where is it located? Washington, DC
FBI
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
1. Secret Service – Protecting all living current and former
U.S. president and their families
2. Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, And Explosives
– Assist in controlling the sale of untaxed liquor and cigarettes,
illegal firearms, and explosives.
3. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) – The federal
agency that enforces federal drug laws.
PROBATION PERIOD
• When a candidate receives an appointment to the
police department, the candidate must then
successfully complete recruit training, which can last
from several months to more than a year, depending
on the training requirements of the police department.
WEEK 14
National Police Agency (NPA)
Responsibilities
• Police responsibilities under the Police Act include
"protecting the lives, bodies, and property of
individuals; preventing, suppressing, and investigating
crimes; apprehending suspects; traffic enforcement;
and, maintaining public safety and order."
• The Code of Criminal Procedure states that "when a
judicial police official deems that an offense has been
committed, s/he shall investigate the offender and
evidence thereof." Accordingly, the police are
empowered to investigate not only penal code
offenses but also all illegal acts punishable under
Japan's judicial system. Most cases are investigated
by the police and referred to the public prosecutor’s
office for prosecution. While public prosecutors are
also empowered to conduct investigations, their
investigations are generally supplementary. The
primary duty of the public prosecutor is to determine
the case dispositions and prosecute the suspects.
JAPAN
• is provided by the Prefectural Police under the
oversight of the National Police Agency or NPA.
• The National Police Agency is administered by
the National Public Safety Commission, thus ensuring
that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of
direct central government executive control. They are
checked by an independent judiciary and monitored
by a free and active press.
There are two types of law enforcement officials in Japan,
depending on the underlying provision:
1. Prefectural Police are responsible for the regular
police affairs as to the areas of the
respective prefectures. Although these Prefectural
Polices are in principle regarded as municipal police,
they are, in fact, in many parts under the central
oversight and control of the National Police
Agency. As of 2017, the total strength of the
prefectural police is approximately 288,000:
260,400 sworn officers and 28,400 civilian staff
2. Special judicial police officials
National Police Agency
• Imperial guard - Imperial Guard is the name for two
separate organizations dedicated to the protection of
the Emperor of Japan and the Imperial Family,
palaces and other imperial properties.
Ministry of Justice
• Prison guard
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
• Narcotics agent
• Labor Standards Inspector
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
• Authorized Fisheries Inspector
• Officers of Regional Forest Office
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Coast Guard Officer
The largest and most important of these ministry-supervised
public safety agencies is the Japan Coast Guard, an external
agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and
Tourism that deals with crime in coastal waters and maintains
facilities for safeguarding navigation. The agency operates a
fleet of patrol and rescue craft in addition to a few aircraft used
primarily for anti-smuggling patrols and rescue activities. In
1990 there were 2,846 incidents in and on the waters. In those
incidents, 1,479 people drowned or were lost and 1,347 people
were rescued.
The Commissioner General of the National Police Agency is
the highest-ranking police officer of Japan, regarded as an
exception to the regular class structure.
The special investigation teams are
specialized detective units of the first investigation divisions,
well acquainted with new technology and special tactics
including SWAT capabilities. They are mandated for critical
incidents except for terrorism, but in some rural but well-versed
prefectural police like Aomori, these detectives can form a
counter-terrorism task force together with uniformed officers
and riot specialists.
Koban - Is a police post located in urban neighborhood. In
large cities, a koban can be found in every few blocks. The
officers in the Koban account for about 40% of the total police
strength in Japan. For the most part, it functions as a
“community safety center.
The rural equivalent of the urban Koban is known as
CHUZAISHO
Martial Arts and Shooting Training
Police officers must attain a high level of skills in judo, kendo,
arrest techniques, and shooting. They are required to receive
training regularly. Due to their proficiency in martial arts and
shooting, Japanese police officers often achieve outstanding
records in domestic and international competitions.
KOREA NATIONAL POLICE FORCE
Commissioner General - Kim Chang Yong
The Korean National Police Agency (KNPA), also known as
the Korean National Police (KNP), is one of a few police
organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of
the Interior and Safety.
The KNPA is headquartered in Migeun-dong, Seodaemun,
Seoul. The agency is divided into 18 local police agencies,
including the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency. Local police
agencies are not independent of the national police.
The Combat Police division of the National Police Agency is an
anti-riot paramilitary unit, of military conscripts. Its members
deal with counterintelligence and riot policing. It was
established in 1967, during the Third Republic. Each battalion
is assigned to a municipal police agency in the country. In their
riot gear, they were once identified by their signature metal riot
shields which are numbered such as "1001" or "1011", and on
their helmets with the NPA emblem. Now the police use
modern tactical clear plastic shields and now deploy high-
powered water cannons to minimize civilian injuries. Two
weeks of training are taken by each draftee.
Weapons
South Korean police use some firearms. Typically, a patrolman
will carry a Smith & Wesson Model 60 chambered in .38
Special caliber as their service weapon. Additionally, South
Korean policemen utilize less-lethal weapons such as police
batons and 5kV Tasers.
WEEK 15
AUSTRILIAN FEDERAL POLICE
• Is the national and principal federal law enforcement
agency of the Australian Government with the unique
role of investigating crime and protecting the national
security of the Commonwealth of Australia.
• The AFP has a focus on preventing, investigating and
disrupting transnational, serious, complex
and organized crime including terrorism and violent
extremism, cybercrime, child exploitation, drug
smuggling, and human trafficking.
The AFP is an independent agency of the Department of Home
Affairs and is responsible to the minister for home affairs and
accountable to the Parliament of Australia. As of October 2019,
the commissioner of the Australian Federal Police is Reece
Kershaw, formerly the Northern Territory Police Commissioner.
GERMANY FEDERAL POLICE (BUNDESPOLIZEI)
• The Federal Police (Bundespolizei or BPOL) is the
national and principal federal law enforcement agency
of the German Federal Government, being
subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior,
Building and Community. The Federal Police is
primarily responsible for border protection, railroad
and aviation/air security. In addition, the agency is
responsible, among other tasks, for the protection of
federal constitutional bodies. It provides the federal
alert police and GSG 9 special police unit, which can
also be used to support the federated states of
Germany. Ordinary police forces, meanwhile, are
under the administration of the individual German
states (Bundesländer) and are known as the
Landespolizei. In addition to the Federal Police, the
Federal Criminal Police Office and the German
Parliament Police exist as further police authorities at
federal level.
The Federal Police is divided into the following areas:
1. Railway police
The task of the railway police is to protect the entire
rail network and the stations from attacks on security.
The route network comprises 33,500 kilometers of
track with around 5,700 train stations.
2. Border Police
The border police are responsible for protecting 3,831
kilometers of land borders and 888 kilometers of sea
borders.
3. Aviation Security
The aviation security is at 13 major airports in
Germany responsible for the safety of air traffic.
WEEK 16
ROYAL MALAYSIA POLICE
• The Royal Malaysia Police (often abbreviated RMP)
(Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)), is a (primarily)
uniformed federal police force in Malaysia.
• The force is a centralized organization. Its
headquarters are located at Bukit Aman, Kuala
Lumpur. The police force is led by an Inspector-
General of Police (IGP).
• The police force is led by an Inspector-General of
Police (IGP) who, as of 4 May 2021, is Acryl Sani
Abdullah Sani.
POLICE PLEDGE
Section 20 (3) Police Act 1967 stipulates that the duties of the
Royal Malaysia Police
The Management Department is tasked with the routine of
management and administration affairs of the RMP.
This department is also the "nerve centre" of the RMP and acts
as the support services platform for the rest of the force.
Functions
1. Service / Designation – Includes: Recruitment,
Service Records Administration, Confirmations,
Promotions, Transfers, Salaries & Allowances
Administration and Retirements.
2. General Administration And Policy – Includes:
General Administration, Research & Development,
Civil Affairs, Welfare, Sports And PERKEP (Persatuan
Keluarga Polis or Police's Family Association,
generally social activities for the families of the
policemen)
3. Training – Includes: Basic Course, Development
Courses, Further Studies and Rehabilitation Courses.
Criminal investigation division
This department deals with the investigation, arrest and
prosecution of both violent crimes such as murder, robbery,
rape etc., and less serious crimes such as theft and house-
breaking.
This department also specializes in investigating gambling,
vice and secret societies (triads).
Functions
1. Investigations and detective duties
2. Arrests and prosecutions.
3. Enforcement of laws related to gambling, vice and
secret societies
Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division
This department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs
by enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and
supply of dangerous drugs.
Functions
1. Enforce against drug abuse and drug trafficking
2. Collect, study, assess and spread drug-related
information
3. Investigate distributors activities and drug trafficking
syndicates
4. Fight drug smuggling activities including chemicals
used to process drugs
5. Implement prevention of drug abuse programs
6. Exchange data/information with domestic and
international agencies
7. Keep records and statistics related to drug distribution
and other drug-related matters
8. Surveillance activity for former drug offenders or
members formerly associated with drug trafficking
syndicates
9. Provide training locally/overseas for officers /
members of narcotics department
10. Attend the meetings, seminars related to drugs,
locally/overseas
Internal Security and Public Order Department (KDN / KA)
This department is tasked with the maintenance of public
security and order. It is responsible for traffic control and
search & rescue (SAR) operations. In this role, this department
cooperates with other agencies, such as the Malaysian Armed
Forces and Army / Navy Maritime Patrol to prevent piracy and
to secure the national borders.
The Internal Security and Public Order Department is led by a
Commissioner of Police, CP Dato' Salleh.
Police Counter–Terrorism Units
When the threat of terrorism started to increase after the 11
September terrorist attack in United States, followed up by a
series of bombings in Bali and Jakarta, Indonesia and in
Malaysia, the RMP has formed 2 anti-terrorism corps. These
two elite forces are known as Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK)
and Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN).
Pasukan Gerakan Khas
is a major elite force in the Royal Malaysia Police, which is
composed of 69 Commando (VAT 69) and Special Actions
Unit (UTK).
This team was first merged in 1997 and became known as the
Maroon Berets. However, this integration did not last and in
2003 it was separated. The VAT 69 changed to the Sandy
Brown Berets, honoured by British 22nd Special Air
Service (SAS). However, both units serve under the Pasukan
Gerakan Khas and are under the command of a Senior
Assistant Commissioner II.
THAILAND NATIONAL POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD)
• Charged with performing police functions throughout
the entire country subdivision of the Ministry of Interior
TNPD was headed by a director general, who held the
rank of police general.
Metropolitan Police Division, Bangkok
Responsible for providing all law enforcement services for the
capital city of Bangkok and its suburbs.
Central Investigation Bureau
National coordinating headquarters which assist provincial and
metropolitan components in preventing and suppressing
criminal activity and in minimizing threats to national security.
Firearms
There are no standard-issue pistols carried by the Royal Thai
Police. Policemen must buy their own pistol and he/she must
buy what is available in Thailand and what he/she can afford. If
the police officer cannot afford a pistol, he may purchase one
by paying in installments through his police co-operative.
WEEK 17
SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE
• Formed in May 1820, the SPF is one of the oldest
government organizations in Singapore. From their
humble beginnings of a 12-man team, led by Francis
James Bernard, they have grown from strength to
strength, in tandem with the nation.
• Today, they are a strong Force of 15,000 regular
officers, civilian staff and Full-time Police National
Servicemen, augmented by volunteer police officers
and Operationally Ready Police National Servicemen,
that has kept Singapore as one of the safest countries
in the world.
• Headquarters is located at Jurong West Avenue 5,
Singapore
Mission and Vision
The Singapore Police Force (SPF) is a uniformed
organization under the purview of the Ministry of Home
Affairs. The mission of the SPF is to prevent, deter and
detect crime to ensure the safety and security of
Singapore. This is done through its focus on the 5 broad
areas of Police work - Frontline Policing, Counter and E-
services, Investigation, Community Engagement and
Public Security & Order.
The main agency tasked with maintaining law and order in the
city-state. Formerly known as the Republic of Singapore Police
and the Parent agency is the Ministry of Home Affairs
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
STAFF DEPARTMENT
• The A & F Department provides directions in all
matters concerning administrative and financial
matters in the Force and works closely
 with Vital.org in the management and provision of
transactional financial functions. Its primary role is to
optimize administrative and financial resources to
meet the operational needs of the SPF.
SPECIALIST STAFF DEPARTMENT
• The Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) is the
principal white-collar crime investigation agency in
Singapore. We investigate into a spectrum of
commercial and financial crimes and safeguard
Singapore’s integrity as a world-class financial and
commercial center through vigilant and professional
enforcement of the laws.
SPECIALIST AND LINE UNIT
• The Airport Police Division (APD) is the state
authority responsible for aviation security in
Singapore. APD strives to make Changi and Seletar
airports the safest airports in the world. It works
closely with key aviation stakeholders to protect our
airports against terrorism and acts of unlawful
interference so as to ensure a safe and secure air
travel for passengers.
Weapons
• Police officers in the various divisions are armed
when conducting regular uniformed patrols and
plainclothes duties. Officers from different units are
issued with different weapons.
• The five-shot .38 Taurus Model 85 with 3-inch barrel
featuring a laser sight by Crimson Trace is the
standard issued sidearm of the Singapore Police
Force with 10 rounds of ammunition.
• In 2019, it was announced that the Glock 19 was
chosen as a replacement to the Taurus revolver. In
addition to the use of the handguns, the police also
use the Heckler & Koch MP5 sub-machine gun and
the Remington 870 shotgun.
HONG KONG POLICE FORCE
• The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF，alias Hong
Kong Police，HKP) is the largest disciplined service
under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.
• It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency
to operate with a modern policing system.
• Mr SIU Chak-yee - Commissioner of Police
• Assisting with the enforcement of port and maritime
regulations;
• Preventing illegal immigration and smuggling;
• Conducting search and rescue operations;
• Providing a casualty evacuation service;
• Assisting the Director of Marine in implementing the
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)
Code, and,
• Assisting with the promotion of sea safety and
enforcement of related legislation.
The Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force (HKAPF) comprises
volunteers from all walks of life and has a proud history dating
back to its establishment in 1914. The role and organization of
the HKAPF have been constantly modified to keep pace with
changing circumstances.
The original role of the HKAPF as a trained manpower reserve
to support the regular force during times of emergencies has
been maintained. The HKAPF continues to render the form and
amount of support as determined by the Commissioner of
Police in accordance with prevailing operational priorities. Its
organization and command have been integrated with the
regular force. The HKAPF is established under Section 3 of the
Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force Ordinance, Chapter 233 of
the Laws of Hong Kong. The establishment is distributed to five
land Police Regions in numbers proportional to the uniform
branch establishment of each Region. Recruitment of
volunteers to join the HKAPF is continuing to ensure the vitality
and youthfulness of the Force.
Uniform and Equipment of HKAPF
The uniform and equipment of regular and auxiliary members
are the same. Both male and female auxiliary members wear
a .38” revolver and 12 rounds, short baton and OC foam, and
receive full training on their use during the Basic Training
Course.
The only difference in the uniform between regular and
auxiliary members is that auxiliary members have a letter “A”
on both shoulder badges.

Police associations
Numerous associations of serving and retired police officers
have been formed over the years. Currently, they include the:
ü Superintendents' Association
ü Hong Kong Police Inspectors' Association
ü Overseas Inspectors' Association
ü Junior Police Officers' Association
ü Royal Hong Kong Police Association

Hong Kong Police Dog Unit

In 1949 when it became apparent that dogs would be useful in
policing the Border Area. Four Alsatian patrol dogs were
purchased and a civilian trainer recruited. These dogs were
used solely in the New Territories, and were kennelled in Fan
Gardens located at the old New Territories Police Depot,
Fanling.

Hong Kong Marine Region is responsible for preserving order

in the waters of Hong Kong which includes
• Maintaining the integrity of Hong Kong’s Boundary of
Administration;
• Preventing and detecting crime;