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Seminar 3
Seminar 3
𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑦 2
𝜕𝑧
= [4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑦 2 ]′ 𝑥 = (4𝑥 3 )′ 𝑥 − (7𝑥𝑦 2 )′ 𝑥 = 12𝑥 2 − 7𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥
Derivojmë në lidhje me variablin y, mbajmë kostant variablin x:
𝜕𝑧
= [4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑦 2 ]′ 𝑦 = (4𝑥 3 )′ 𝑦 − (7𝑥𝑦 2 )′ 𝑦 = 0 − 14𝑥𝑦 = −14𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑓𝑥𝑥 ′′ (𝑥, 𝑦) = [12𝑥 2 − 7𝑦 2 ]′ 𝑥 = 24𝑥
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑓𝑦𝑦 ′′ (𝑥, 𝑦) = [−14𝑥𝑦]′ 𝑦 = −14𝑥
𝜕𝑦 2
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑓𝑥𝑦 ′′ (𝑥, 𝑦) = [12𝑥 2 − 7𝑦 2 ]′ 𝑦 = −14𝑦
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑓𝑦𝑥 ′′ (𝑥, 𝑦) = [−14𝑥𝑦]′ 𝑥 = −14𝑦
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
2. Të provohet nëse funksioni 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 vërteton ekuacionin:
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
2
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 2
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
Gjejmë fillimisht derivatet e pjesshme të rendit të parë:
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦 𝑦′ 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 𝑦′ 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦′
= [𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑙𝑛 ] = [𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] + [𝑙𝑛 ] = 1𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑥 [ ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + [ ] =
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦 𝑦′ 𝑦′ 𝑦′ 𝑦′ 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦′ 𝑦 1
= [𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑙𝑛 ] = [𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] + [𝑙𝑛 ] = 𝑥 [ ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + [ ] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 +
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 1 ′ 𝑦′ 𝑦 1 𝑦 ′ 1 ′
= [ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − ] = [ ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑦 [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ] − [ ]
𝜕𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑦 1
=− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑦 (− 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− 2 )) − 2
𝑥2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2 2
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑦 1
= − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2 = − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 1 ′ 𝑦′ 𝑦 1 𝑦 ′ 1 ′
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − ] = [ ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − [𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 ] − [ ]
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
1 𝑦 1 𝑦 1 𝑦 1 1 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑦(− )𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) − 0 = (− ) 𝑦 (− ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑦 1 ′ 1 𝑦 1
2
= [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + ] = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 2
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
𝑦2 𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦 1
𝑥 2 [− 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2 ] + 2𝑥𝑦 [ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] + 𝑦 2 [− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 2 ] = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
𝑦2 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 1 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥