Saes P 100

Engineering Standard 28 April 2022
SAES-P-100
Basic Power System Design Criteria
Document Responsibility: Electrical Systems Designs and Automation Standards
Committee
Previous Revision: 24 Novermber 2019 Next Revision: 28 April 2027

Contact: MAHAYNRX, ARFAJOK Page 1 of 31
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

Document Responsibility: Electrical Systems Designs & Automation Standards Committee SAES-P-100
Issue Date: 28 April 2022
Next Revision: 28 April 2027 Basic Power System Design Criteria
Contents
Summary of Changes ................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................... 5
2 Conflicts and Deviations ......................................................................................... 5
3 References ............................................................................................................. 5
3.1 SAUDI ARAMCO REFERENCES ............................................................................... 5
3.2 INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................... 6
4 Terminology ........................................................................................................... 7
4.1 ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 7
5. General ............................................................................................................... 11
6. Design Basis ........................................................................................................ 11
7. System Studies .................................................................................................... 16
8. Electrical Area Classification Design .................................................................... 30
9. Environment Conditions ....................................................................................... 30
Document History ....................................................................................................... 32
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 2 of 31

Summary of Changes
Paragraph Number
Change Type
(Addition, Modification, Technical Change(s)
Previous Revision Current Revision Deletion, New)
(24 November 2019) (28 April 2022)
4.2 4.2 Addition Defining Emergency Systems
4.2 4.2 Addition Defining Standby Systems
6.1.3 6.1.3 Addition Requiring high resistance

grounding for generators
connected directly to high
voltage switchgear
6.1.3 6.1.3 Addition Allowing reactance grounding
for generators connected
directly to low voltage
switchgear
6.2.1 6.2.1 Addition Steady state voltage range for
400 and 400Y/230V as per
IEC 60038
6.3.1 6.3.1 Addition Exception for high voltage
motors connected to a
dedicated motor bus
6.5.1 6.5.1 Modification Restricting HVDC option for
offshore transmission based
on power requirement
NA 6.6 Addition Load estimation criteria for
new facilities
7 7 Modification Specifying what is considered
as a major load addition
7.6.1 7.6.1 Addition N-1 contingency scenarios for
maximum and minimum load
flow studies
7.6.2.4 7.6.2.4 Addition Short circuit contribution for LV
motor load
NA 7.6.2.5 Addition Tolerance for sub-transient
reactance value when typical
value is used for motors rated
10,000 HP and above
7.6.3.1 7.6.3.1 Modification Exemption of 35-SDMS-09
and 16-SAMSS-510
switchgears from Arc Flash
Analysis requirements
7.6.3.3 7.6.3.3 Modification Revising the maximum
allowable arc flash incident
energy limit based on IEEE-
1584-2018 equations.

Paragraph Number
Change Type
(Addition, Modification, Technical Change(s)
Previous Revision Current Revision Deletion, New)
(24 November 2019) (28 April 2022)
NA 7.6.3.4/7.6.3.5 Addition Specifying equipment for line-

side and bus-side Arc Flash
energy calculations
7.6.4.2 7.6.4.2 Modification Removing the restriction for
motor starting study to high
voltage motors only
NA 7.7.2.5 Addition Suggested solutions for
harmonic mitigation
Table 2 Table 2 Modification Removing the individual
harmonic TDD limits
7.7.3.7 7.7.3.7 Modification Specifying harmonic baseline
measurement minimum
duration
NA 7.7.4.2 Addition Specifying voltage range for
lightning overvoltages
evaluation
7.8.2.2 7.8.2.2 Addition Specifying X/R selection
method for applying IEC
60909 calculation procedure
8.3 8.3 Modification Specifying NEC 505 marking
requirements in hazardous
locations

1 Scope
This standard prescribes mandatory design bases and performance criteria of
electrical power systems. This standard is intended to assist engineers and
designers in those areas not specifically referenced in other MSAERs.
This document may not be attached to nor made a part of purchase orders.
2 Conflicts and Deviations
Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi
Aramco Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD
Manager.
Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company
procedure SAEP-302.
3 References
All referenced specifications, standards, codes, drawings, and similar material
are considered part of this engineering standard to the extent specified, applying
the latest version, unless otherwise stated.
3.1 Saudi Aramco References
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures
SAEP-302 Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement
SAEP-148 Mandatory Engineering Standards and Codes for Non-
industrial, Public, and Government Facilities
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
SAES-A-112 Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
SAES-B-009 Fire Protection and Safety Requirements for Offshore
Production Facilities
SAES-B-014 Safety Requirements for Plant and Operations Support
Buildings
SAES-B-017 Fire Water System Design
SAES-B-064 Onshore and Nearshore Pipeline Safety
SAES-B-068 Electrical Area Classification
SAES-K-001 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
SAES-K-002 Air Conditioning Systems for Essential Operating Facilities
SAES-O-207 Power Supply for Security Systems
SAES-P-103 Batteries and U.P.S. Systems

SAES-P-111 Grounding
SAES-P-114 Power System and Equipment Protection
SAES-P-116 Switchgear and Control Equipment
SAES-P-123 Lighting
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
ANSI C84.1 American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and
Equipment—Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz)
National Fire Protection Association
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC)
NFPA 70 E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
Saudi Building Code (SBC)
SBC Saudi Building Code Chapter 4
Electricity & Co-generation Regulatory Authority (ECRA)
SAGC The Saudi Arabian Grid Code
Saudi Electricity Company Standards
TES-P-119.05 Insulation Coordination
TES-P-119.06 Surge Protection
01-TMSS-01 General Requirements for All Equipment/Materials
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
IEC 60909 Series Short-circuit Currents in Three-phase AC Systems
IEC 60038 IEC standard voltages
IEC 60079 Series Explosive Atmosphere Standards
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE 551 Recommended Practice for Calculating AC Short-Circuit
Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE 399 IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems Analysis
IEEE 1584-2018 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
IEEE C2 National Electrical Safety Code
IEEE Std. 1100 Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment

4 Terminology
4.1 Acronyms
ECRA Electricity and Co-generation Regulatory Authority
EED Manager Manager, Electrical Engineering Division, Consulting
Services Department.
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
GOSP Gas Oil Separation Plant.
MSAER Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements
PCC The Point of Common Coupling, i.e., the high side of the
step-down transformers connecting the Saudi Aramco facility
to the Grid.
PMT SAPMT or Proponent’s Construction Agency responsible to
execute the respective project
SAMSS Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification
SEC Saudi Electricity Company
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
4.2 Definitions
Base voltage The bus voltage calculated by starting with the nominal
voltage at the swing bus and calculated for each bus based
on the transformer turns ratios.
Bus tie breaker A breaker used to connect the two busses of secondary-
selective system.
Captive transformer A transformer whose output is dedicated to a single
piece of utilization equipment.
Controlgear Equipment manufactured to either 16-SAMSS-503 (Low
Voltage Controlgear), 16-SAMSS-506 (High Voltage
Controlgear) or 16-SAMSS-507 (High Voltage Motor
Controller - Outdoor).
Critical Facility A facility that cannot be shut-down for a minimum of five
consecutive days annually for scheduled maintenance on
upstream power supply equipment. In addition, when
deemed critical by Oil Supply Planning & Scheduling
Department, OSPAS, as well as facilities including Security
systems classified in SAES-O-207, major computer centers,
critical health care areas, and major office buildings.
Demand Electrical load averaged over a specified time period.

Distribution Equipment Equipment used to distribute power to utilization

equipment or other distribution equipment. For
example, switchgear, controlgear, panelboards,
switchracks, switchboards, etc.
Diversity Factor Is the maximum metered Operating Load divided by
the total connected loads.
Effectively Grounded: As defined in IEEE 142.
Emergency Systems: Systems that are designed based on NEC article 700
to provide electric power in ten (10) seconds or less
upon loss of utility power. Emergency systems are
essential for human safety and are required during
extreme conditions such as firefighting, rescue
operation, control of health hazards, process safe
shutdown and similar operations.
High Voltage 1,000 V or greater unless otherwise designated in a specific
MSAER or referenced international standard.
Note:
The term medium voltage is no longer being used in most North
American and essentially all European (IEC) standards. Where used, it
generally refers to system voltages greater than 1 kV but less than 100
kV. As used in Saudi Aramco, medium voltage generally refers to
voltages 2.4 kV to 34.5 kV.
Industrial Facilities Includes the following:
a) Facilities directly associated with production, processing, or bulk
distribution of hydrocarbons. This includes, but is not limited to,
facilities such as the following:
i) GOSPs
ii) Water injection plants
iii) Refineries
iv) Bulk distribution plants
v) Pumping stations, Terminals
vi) Gas plants.
b) Hospitals.
c) Office buildings exceeding three occupied floors.
d) Control buildings.
Inside-Plant Facilities within the perimeter security fencing installed per
the SAES-O series of standards.

Low Voltage Voltages less than 1,000 V.

Nominal Voltage Refer to Table 1.
Operating Load a) For new facilities: Anticipated maximum one-hour
demand based on plant or facility design conditions.
b) For existing facilities: When data from metering
equipment is available: Maximum 60-minute demand
measured over a minimum of one year. If metering data for
buses rated less than 13.8kV is not available, measurements
shall be conducted using a temporary/portable power
recorder for a sufficient period to capture the maximum load
condition. In any case, the measurement period shall not be
less than three days within the peak operation timeframe at
the applicable bus.
Note:
Depending on the nature of the loads, the operating load may be
substantially less than the total connected load.
Outside-Plant Facilities outside of the perimeter security fencing installed
per the SAES-O series of standards.
PCB Free Containing less than 1 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl.
Plant Facility requiring perimeter security fencing installed per the
SAES-O series of standards.
Standby Systems Systems that are designed based on NEC article 702 to
provide standby power in sixty (60) seconds or less. The
failure of such systems may cause physical discomfort,
interruption of an industrial process, damage to process
equipment, etc. Secondary Selective system with transfer
scheme satisfies this requirement. Example of loads to be
fed from standby systems are lube oil pumps,
Secondary-Selective: A switchgear assembly consisting of two buses
connected with a single bus tie breaker. Each bus
has one breaker to receive incoming power. (i.e.,
power flow into and between the two busses is
controlled with three breakers). These schemes are
standardized. Refer to SAES-P-116 for standardized
schemes.
Secondary-selective Substation: A substation fed by two independent
power sources (different transmission or
distribution lines) which consists of one
or more sets of two transformers and
associated secondary-selective

switchgear. Also referred to as a

“double-ended” substation.
Severe corrosive environment: See Section 9 of this standard.
Swing or slack bus A network node on an electrical system whose
voltage is predetermined and remains constant in
magnitude, phase, and frequency under any network
topology and loading conditions.
Switchgear Equipment manufactured to either 16-SAMSS-502 (Low
Voltage Switchgear) or 16-SAMSS-504 (High Voltage
Switchgear).
Switchrack Equipment manufactured per 16-SAMSS-512.
TSD General Supervisor General Supervisor, Technical Support
Division, Power System Engineering
Department.
Ultimate Short Circuit Maximum short circuit value contributed by the utility
over 10 years or more (defined as the study horizon in
SEC Transmission Planning Criteria).
Utilization Device Equipment whose primary function is to convert electrical
energy to another form or store electrical energy. Examples
of utilization equipment would be motors, heaters, lamps,
batteries, etc. Equipment directly feeding/controlling the
utilization equipment is considered part of the utilization
equipment (e.g., AFDs, reduced voltage starters, battery
chargers, etc.).
5. General
5.1 Terms are defined within Section 4.
5.2 Basic Design Codes
Electrical power systems shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
the latest edition of Volume 4 of SBC, NFPA 70, NFPA 70 E and IEEE C2, as
supplemented or modified by the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards. In
general, SBC supersedes other codes except when specifically stated within any
of the MSAER documents.
5.3 Low voltage AC distribution systems shall be protected by circuit breakers. Fuses
shall not be used.
Exception:
Molded case circuit breakers with integral current limiting fuses are permitted and fuses
are permitted for protection of circuits fed from UPS systems.
5.4 All interrupting devices shall be fully rated for the short circuit duty. Refer to
SAES-P-116 for additional details and exceptions.

Note: This means, for example, that designs based upon series-rated or cascade-rated
equipment shall not be used.
5.5 Secondary-selective switchgear shall be used to feed critical facilities.
Exception:
Critical facilities or equipment fed from a single-ended substation bus which has a Standby
System capable of automatically supplying the required power to the bus are permitted.
5.6 Loads to be supplied by Emergency Systems include the following:
Commentary Note:
Regardless of how standby or emergency power is defined in other standards or codes,
this section covers alternative continuous power supply when the normal power of a
facility – typically received from power utility, third party IPPs, or
in-house generation – is lost (i.e. blackout).
• Security system loads specified in SAES-O-207.
• Occupied rooms intended for use during emergencies such as
emergency control room or disaster response room.
• HVAC and air handling control equipment for pressurized buildings
as specified in SAES-B-014 and SAES-K-002.
• Emergency lighting as mandated in SAES-P-123, if DC power or
UPS is not sufficient for the intended purpose.
5.7 Electrical equipment for fire pump installations shall meet the requirements of
NFPA 20 except as modified by the following MSAERs:
SAES-B-009 Fire Protection and Safety Requirements for Offshore
Production Facilities
SAES-B-017 Fire Water System Design
SAES-P-116 Switchgear and Control Equipment
5.8 Existing equipment containing PCB shall be handled in accordance with
GI-0002.717. Insulating materials, insulating liquids, etc., in new equipment shall
be PCB-free.
5.9 Interfaces with communications systems shall be in accordance with
SAES-T- and SAES-Z-Series.
5.10 Transmission lines rated 69 kV and above shall be designed in accordance with
SEC series standards.
5.11 SAEP-148 should be followed for Non-industrial, Public, and Government
facilities as they are defined in the procedure scope.
6. Design Basis
6.1 System Voltage and Frequency
6.1.1 The frequency of alternating current electrical power systems shall be 60 Hz.
Exception:
Existing facilities with 50 Hz power systems (including 50 Hz systems with nominal
voltages which do not comply with Table 1) and additions, replacements, etc., to
these systems that do not result in a requirement to add 50 Hz generation capacity,
are permitted.
6.1.2 The primary distribution within industrial facilities shall be 13.8 kV, three-phase,

three-wire. Secondary distribution shall be either 4,160 V, three-phase, three-

wire, 480 V, three-phase three-wire and/or 400 V three-phase three-wire
Exception:
A 4,160 V primary distribution system is acceptable if derived from transformer(s)
fed at a nominal voltage of 33 kV or greater; or 480 V switchgear is located from
13.8 kV switchgear by more than 500 meters.
6.1.3 The following describes the nominal system voltage and grounding which shall
be used at the respective voltage listed in Table 1.
Table 1 - Nominal Voltage Levels

Nominal Type of System Specific
Phase Wire
Voltage Grounding Note(s)
400Y/230 Three Four Wire Solid S1
400 Three Three Wire Solid S1.1
480 Three Three Wire Solid S1.1
4,160 Three Three Wire Low Resistance S3, S5
S3, S6,
13,800 Three Three Wire Low Resistance
S7
33,000 Three Three Wire Solid S2
115,000 Three Three Wire Solid S2,S4

Nominal Type of System Specific

Phase Wire
Voltage Grounding Note(s)
General Notes:
G1. Existing ungrounded systems and existing systems with different voltage levels
(e.g., 2.4 kV) are not required to be changed retroactively.
Additions or extensions to existing systems with different voltage levels are
allowed as long as the capacity of the existing supply equipment is maintained
G3. Steady-state service voltage and utilization voltage ranges shall be per ANSI
C84.1 Voltage Range A for the nominal voltages 480V up to 34.5kV.
400V/230V and 400V service and utilization voltage ranges shall be as per IEC
60038.
G4. See SAES-P-111 for specific system grounding requirements and for grounding
requirements for special applications such as downhole pump motors.
G5. SEC nominal distribution voltages may be used on the high voltage side of
transformers fed directly from a SEC distribution system.
G6. These nominal system voltage requirements do not apply to captive
transformers in specialty applications such as supplying submersible pump
motors and high voltage adjustable frequency drive applications. Voltages for
captive transformer applications shall be reviewed by the EED Manager.
G7. Power supply dedicated for specialized systems (such as medical equipment,
labs, shops, and packaged systems), industrial, control systems, instruments,
and communication devices may utilize other voltage levels.
Specific Notes:
S1. 400/230 V is only acceptable at sub-distribution levels (for example, general
power supply inside buildings, distribution transformer to panelboards feeding
lighting, receptacles, etc.). Saudi Aramco material specifications prohibit
neutral busses for low voltage switchgear and controlgear.
S1.1 Generator(s) connected directly to a low voltage switchgear shall be reactance
grounded (i.e. Effectively Grounded) unless equipment short circuit duty
requirements are met.
S2. Not an acceptable voltage for inside-plant distribution of power. Acceptable for
delivery of power from inside-plant to outside-plant or from plant to plant;
provided the distance is 3 km or greater.
Exception:
Radial circuits feeding power transformers.
S3. Solidly grounded system shall be specified for systems feeding overhead lines.
If the system is feeding combination of overhead lines and other local loads, the
system grounding design shall be selected so that the overhead line ground
fault protection shall be capable of detecting 10-20% of the available ground
fault current at the end of the overhead line.
S4 This also includes system operating at 110 kV.
S5. 400 A, 10 second resistor.
S6. 400 A or 1,000 A, 10 second resistor.
S7. Generators connected directly to a high voltage switchgear shall be high
resistance grounded as stipulated in SAES-P-111. An alternative ground fault
source (i.e. grounding transformer) shall be considered to meet the ground fault
relaying sensitivity requirements when the system is operating in island mode.

6.2 Steady State Voltage Range

Steady state voltage range, under all study conditions, shall be as follows:
6.2.1 Low Voltage Systems
i) At branch circuit/distribution equipment connection points
(e.g., switchgear, controlgear, panelboards, switchracks, etc.):
a) 95% to 105% for 480V nominal voltage.
b) 90% to 110% for nominal voltage 400V and 400Y/230V as stated in
IEC60038.
ii) At utilization equipment:
a) 90% to 105% for 480V nominal voltage.
b) 86% to 110% for nominal voltage 400V and 400Y/230V as stated in
IEC 60038.
6.2.2 High Voltage Systems
i) Originating and ending in the same plant:
a) At branch circuit/distribution equipment connection points (e.g.,
switchgear, controlgear, etc.): 97.5% to 105% of nominal voltage.
b) At the utilization device: 90% to 105% of nominal voltage.
ii) Originating and ending in different plants or facilities:
At main distribution equipment (e.g., switchgear): 95% to 105% of
nominal voltage.
6.3 Voltage Drop Associated with Motor Starting
6.3.1 When a motor is started, the voltage at every utilization device, anywhere in the
electrical system, shall not drop below 85% of the nominal voltage. Where the
utilization equipment is modeled as lumped load at the distribution bus, the
voltage at the distribution equipment level shall not drop below 90% of the
nominal voltage.
Exception:
For high voltage motors connected to a dedicated 13.8kV rated motor bus, should
the retained voltage at the terminals of a running motor falls below 85% of the
nominal bus voltage, the running motor manufacturer shall demonstrate through
(Dynamic Motor Stability Analysis) that induction motors will not stall nor
synchronous motors will pull out of step. In all cases, the retained voltage shall not
drop below 80% of the motor rated voltage.
6.3.2 When a motor is started, the voltage at the terminals of the motor being started
shall not drop below 80% of the rated motor voltage.
6.4 Load Power Factor
Facilities with total load exceeding 1.0 MVA shall maintain a power factor not less
than 95% lagging at the PCC.
Exception:
A facility has local on-site generation shall reach out to Power System Planning
Department (PSPD) to obtain an exemption from ECRA.

6.5 Direct Current Systems

6.5.1 Transmission System
For powering offshore projects with cable length greater than 75 km, or
power requirements exceeding 100MW, High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) shall be evaluated as a viable option. The evaluation shall be
submitted to EED Manager for concurrence.
6.5.2 Backup Systems (UPS)
Maximum total voltage drops for main, feeder, and branch circuits shall
not exceed 5%. The average voltage drop in branch circuits shall not
exceed 2% with a maximum of 4% at the most distant load.
6.6 Load Estimation for New Facilities
6.6.1 Sizing of new electrical equipment shall be based upon using 110% of the sum of
the Operating Load and all known future loads as per the below formula:
Electrical Equipment Sizing = 110% *(operating load + all known future loads)
6.6.2 Continuous, intermittent and standby loads duty cycles shall be as follows:
6.6.2.1 HV Utilization Equipment:
Duty cycles for continuous and the largest standby equipment shall
be 100%. Remaining standby loads shall be with duty cycle of 0%.
6.6.2.2 LV Utilization Equipment:
Duty cycles for continuous loads shall be 100%, for intermittent
loads shall be 30% and for standby loads shall be 10%.
6.6.2.3 Other data such as efficiency and power factor for new equipment
can be assumed based on typical values.
7. System Studies
System studies are required for new facilities and modifications to existing
facilities. Adding a load rated less than 50hp or equivalent kVA doesn’t require
updating the electrical model.
Note:
adding a distribution equipment requires updating the electrical model and
system studies regardless of the connected load size.
The approved software shall be used to conduct the studies outlined in Section
7.6 based on IEEE 399 or other applicable standards. It is the contractor’s
responsibility to request the approved software from Consulting Services
Department/ Electrical Engineering Division. Alternative software may be used
without a need for waiver or approval if the network database (load flow data,
dynamic data, and network diagrams) can be read directly by the approved
software without a need for any middleware tools. Written statement by the
contractor or design office shall be provided indicating that all data files can be
directly converted to the approved software and vice versa.

7.1 Actual system data and constraints shall be used for all studies. For additions to
existing facilities, the network database files shall be requested from TSD
General Supervisor.
• Upon completion of system studies for a facility, the latest up-to-date
network database files shall be furnished to TSD General Supervisor.
• If several projects are executed simultaneously at the same facility, the
PMT for the project with the last project in terms of completion date shall
integrate the electrical models of all other projects and shall be
responsible for producing a single integrated electrical model for that
facility. The PMT responsible for integration is expected to coordinate with
all other projects of earlier completion dates.
Note:
The ultimate and minimum short circuit levels at the utility interface point shall be
obtained prior to the commencement of system studies.
7.2 When modeling the system for the different studies, it is acceptable to assume
that the off-load transformer taps can be set one or two steps off of the neutral
position. In this case, all studies shall use the same transformer tap position.
7.3 It is acceptable to use transformer on-load tap changer. In normal operation,
transformer on-load tap changer, which will automatically regulate the voltage
level to the nominal voltage, tap position shall not exceed mid-range (± 5%) on
either side of the neutral position. However, it is acceptable during normal
voltage variations identified in the Saudi Arabia Grid Code (± 5%), to temporarily
reach the max-range of the tap changer.
Note:
If the supplying transformer of the 13.8 kV bus is not equipped with on-load tap changer, then
(± 5%) voltage variation at the PCC shall be assumed in the system analysis.
7.4 Unless the actual impedance of a transformer is known from the transformer
tests, 7.5% transformer impedance tolerance shall be used so that the specified
design impedance is increased by 7.5% for load flow and motor starting
calculations, and decreased by 7.5% for short circuit calculations.
7.5 Software raw/native files and user defined libraries shall be provided for all type
of studies. For each type of study, contractor shall provide all
native/electronic/raw files including, but not limited to, the user defined library
dedicated for the project.
7.6 The following studies shall be performed to verify proper design of the electrical
power systems and equipment:
7.6.1 Load-Flow Analysis
7.6.1.1 Maximum system voltage levels shall be determined
assuming all motor loads are disconnected, and in the case
of secondary-selective substations, that both transformers
are operational and the bus tie breaker is in its normal state.
N-1 contingency shall be considered for maximum voltages

calculation including, but not limited to, the following

scenarios:
• One reactor shall be assumed out of service for
submarine cable applications.
• A distribution loop shall be assumed open at the
furthest end in the circuit.
7.6.1.2 Normal system voltage levels shall be based on load
calculations stipulated in 6.6.1.
7.6.1.3 Minimum system voltage levels shall be based on the
Operating Load plus the largest spare (standby) motor if the
spare motor is not interlocked to prevent starting while the
primary motor is running. N-1 contingency shall be
considered for minimum voltages calculation including, but
not limited to, the following scenarios:
• Minimum voltages of HV substations shall be
calculated assuming multiple scenarios by taking one
incoming source out of service at a time in order to
determine the worst-case scenario.
• Minimum voltages downstream of secondary-
selective substations shall be calculated assuming
that one transformer is out of service and the bus tie
breaker is closed.
7.6.1.4 Power Factor Correction Capacitor banks shall not be
considered in the load flow analysis to correct voltage drop
nor to size any electrical equipment.
7.6.1.5 For existing facilities; the base electrical model shall be
updated with load schedules and metering data provided by
the proponent organization. Diversity factor shall be applied
to each downstream bus when metered data is available.
7.6.1.6 Global diversity factor can only be used for sizing main
equipment at receiving substation. For sizing downstream
equipment, specific load diversity factors shall be applied.
7.6.2 Short-Circuit Analysis
7.6.2.1 The ultimate short circuits faults-current at the utility bus
shall be used to calculate the maximum available short
circuit current at each bus. The latest Utility Short Circuit
contribution values shall be obtained from TSD General
Supervisor.
7.6.2.2 Short Circuit Duty percentage shall be no greater than 95%
of corresponding bus and breaker ratings. The calculated
fault current shall include future planned conditions, which
are identified in the engineering documents (e.g., future
motor loads, generation, etc.).

7.6.2.3 Short circuit studies for secondary-selective substations shall

be evaluated assuming:
a) One incomer breaker is open and the bus tie breaker is
closed (i.e., one transformer is supplying the entire
load).
b) With the normal operating load plus the operating load
of the largest spare (standby) motor if the spare motor
is not interlocked to prevent starting while the primary
motor is running.
c) For existing normally closed systems, all incomers and
bus tie breakers are closed (i.e., normal system
configuration).
7.6.2.4 Motors rated less than 50 HP can be lumped in the electrical
model. 400% FLA short circuit contribution (i.e., subtransient
reactance equals 25%) shall be considered for the lumped
LV motor load.
7.6.2.5 For high voltage motors rated 10,000 HP or above, unless
the actual sub-transient reactance is known, 15% negative
tolerance shall be used for short circuit studies when typical
sub-transient reactance is utilized (i.e. reciprocal of 𝐿𝑅𝐶𝑝𝑢 )
7.6.3 Arc Flash Analysis

7.6.3.1 The design of all new electrical distribution equipment rated
up to 38 kV shall include an arc flash hazard analysis, in
accordance with IEEE 1584 to determine the Arc Flash
Protection Boundary and the incident energy a worker may
be subjected to. For DC equipment the Arc Flash Hazard
Analysis shall be based on NFPA 70E. Personal protective
equipment (PPE) to be worn shall be based on NFPA 70E.
Exception:
As per SAES-P-116, switchgear manufactured to 32-SDMS-09 and
switchgear manufactured to 16-SAMSS-510 are exempted.
7.6.3.2 The Arc Flash Analysis shall include minimum and ultimate
utility fault contribution as well as no load and full load motor
contribution.
7.6.3.3 The maximum allowable incident energy shall not exceed 12
Cal./cm² based on IEEE 1584-2018. The analysis shall be
performed in conjunction with both short-circuit and
protective relay coordination analysis during the detailed
design phase. However, a preliminary analysis shall be
conducted at early cycle of FEL 3 stage to identify the scope
and possible mitigation strategies.

Note:
Existing facilities can retain the arc flash labels that were based
on IEEE 1584-2002.
7.6.3.4 The line side arc flash incident energy shall be calculated for
equipment including panelboards, switchracks, motor control
centers, transfer switches, switchboards, VFD cabinets, etc.
7.6.3.5 For air insulated metal clad switchgears, line side energy
and bus side energy shall be calculated.
7.6.4 Motor Starting and Voltage Drop Analysis

7.6.4.1 The maximum source impedance (i.e., minimum available
short circuit current at the utility bus and the scenario
described in paragraph 7.6.1.3, if applicable) shall be used
to calculate the associated voltage drops and acceleration
requirements during motor-starting. The latest Utility Short
Circuit values shall be requested from the TSD General
Supervisor.
7.6.4.2 Static motor starting studies shall be performed on the
following motors:
a) Largest motor on each switchgear. If multiple
switchgears are fed from the same source bus, then
only one study for the largest motor amongst those
switchgears is sufficient.
b) Largest motor on each controlgear. If there are more
than one controlgear fed from the same switchgear;
then, only one study is sufficient for the largest motor
amongst those controlgears.
7.6.4.3 When a new high voltage motor is added to an existing
plant, the motor starting study requirements in paragraph
7.6.4.2 apply to both existing and new motors.
7.6.4.4 For high voltage motors rated 10,000 HP or greater, a time-
domain (transient) motor acceleration study shall be
conducted to ensure that the motor will not stall and is able
to start the driven load within the motor’s thermal capacity.
A margin of 10% or greater, between the motor torque and
the driven load torque, shall be maintained throughout the
acceleration period.
Note:
Time Domain motor acceleration study shall be conducted for HV
motors with restricted locked rotor current regardless of motor size.
7.6.4.5 When a facility is not connected to the Utility either because
it is only fed from local generation, or because one of the
motors starting scenarios is to start the motor under
islanding conditions, a transient motor acceleration study

shall be conducted even if the largest HV motor is less than

10,000 HP.
7.6.4.6 Power Factor Correction Capacitor banks shall not be
considered to correct voltage drop during motor starting.
7.7 The following additional studies shall be performed on a case-by-case basis.
EED Manager shall be contacted early in the project proposal cycle to assist in
determining the need to conduct these studies, and to provide guidance related
to analysis criteria and acceptable software.
7.7.1 Transient Stability Study shall be conducted for facilities with
generation greater than 10 MW, or total motor loads addition
greater than 10,000 HP to systems with existing co-generation.
Transient stability study shall include, but not limited to, the
disturbance scenarios below. For all scenarios, first swing stability
and system damping response shall be examined and reported.
• A sudden disconnection of any plant including a generating unit
• A close by 3-phase fault on main buses, especially those
interfacing with the Grid.
• A single-line-to-ground fault in cases where a 3-phase fault
leads to instability with normal fault clearing.
• The loss of a transmission line while exporting power to the
Grid.
• Load rejection resulting from loss of major load or loss of a
major load center.
• Load shedding scenarios, such as loss of utility line while
importing, or loss of generation.
• Specific system simulations, as stated in Section 15 of SAES-P-
114.
7.7.1.2 Modelling of SEC for transient stability studies, for new
projects with interconnected Saudi Aramco Facilities at
higher than 69 kV voltage levels shall be with two buses
levels away inside SEC network.
7.7.2 Harmonic Analysis
7.7.2.1 Harmonic analysis shall be conducted for systems rated 400
V and greater when the total non-linear load exceeds 10% of
the supply transformer base rating. A frequency scan
analysis shall be conducted in order to identify potential
harmonic resonance points. Harmonic mitigation solutions
shall be implemented to meet allowable harmonic distortion
limits mentioned in 7.7.2.3.
7.7.2.2 For existing facilities, baseline measurements shall be
conducted at each bus and feeder where a harmonic load to
be added. An initial study shall be conducted to validate the
model using the baseline measurements.

7.7.2.3 Total demand distortion (TDD) shall be within harmonic limits

shown in Table 2 at the respective switchgear incomer. At the
switchgear bus, Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (VTHD)
shall not exceed 5% and Individual Voltage Harmonic
Distortion (IVTHD) shall not exceed 3%. Switchgear bus is the
bus that feeds multiple controlgears/switchboards where
AFDs are typically connected.
Note:
With HV AFDs, the AFD manufacturer is responsible for providing
harmonic mitigation.
7.7.2.4 For offshore systems, utilizing electrical submersible pumps
with AFDs, high pass passive harmonic filters shall be
installed at the MV switchgear and evaluated based on
7.7.3.4. Filters shall be sized based on worst case operation
scenario in terms of harmonic distortion.
7.7.2.5 Possible solutions for harmonic mitigation include AFD line
reactors, 18 pulse (or greater) converters, phase shifting
transformers, passive and active harmonic filters. Filter
specifications shall be included in the study when required to
meet harmonic distortion limits. Passive harmonic filter shall
be evaluated based on 7.7.3.4. Active harmonic filter
requirements shall be specified by the manufacturer based on
worst-case output harmonic load flow report.
7.7.2.6 For dry-type transformers feeding non-linear loads, including
but not limited to, lighting, load K-Factor shall be calculated
based on IEEE Std. 1100. K-Rated transformers shall be
specified when load K-Factor exceeds 1.0.
Note:
Minimum K-13 rated dry-type transformer can be used when
harmonic data are not available.

Table 2 - TDD Limits

Maximum Acceptable TDD in Percent of IL
ISC/IL TDD
<20* 5
20<50 8
50<100 12
100<1,000 15
>1,000 20
Where
Isc Maximum short-circuit current at the switchgear bus
Maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at
IL
switchgear bus
Total demand distortion, harmonic current distortion in % of maximum demand
TDD
load current (15 or 30 min demand)
Note:
*All power generation equipment is limited to these values of current distortion,
regardless of actual Isc/IL.
7.7.2.7 In all cases, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code requirements for
harmonic limitations shall be met at the PCC.
7.7.3 Power Factor Correction Study

7.7.3.1 If the load power factor at the PCC is below 0.95 for the
maximum load flow (minimum voltage) scenario, a power
factor correction study shall be carried out to determine the
size of the reactive compensation device(s) needed to meet
the power factor requirements.
7.7.3.2 A frequency scan analysis shall be conducted for each
capacitor’s step to identify potential resonance points in the
system. A detuned Filter Bank application shall be installed
to reject harmonics during steady state operation. The
application of capacitor bank shall not cause the voltage total
harmonic distortion (VTHD) to increase beyond the limits
identified in 7.7.2.3 at the switchgear bus where the
capacitor banks to be installed.
7.7.3.3 The capacitor bank shall be automatically switched to
maintain target power factor at 0.95. Capacitor steps shall
be chosen to match the load profile.

7.7.3.4 The detuned capacitor (filter) bank shall be evaluated as

follows:
• Capacitor operating voltage, current and kVAR shall not
exceed 100% of respective rated values under normal
system operation.
• Capacitor operating voltage, current and kVAR shall not
exceed 110% of rated voltage, 135% of rated current and
135% of rated kVA respectively under system
contingency operation.
• Reactor shall be sized to handle total rms current
including harmonics plus 30% safety margin. Current
shall be based on calculated total filter current including
harmonics.
7.7.3.5 Voltage shall not rise more than 5% during no-load condition
at the bus where capacitor bank to be connected.
7.7.3.6 Unless it is proven by a switching transient study that the
application of a general-purpose circuit breaker is adequate,
capacitor banks shall be fed through a definite purpose
capacitor switching circuit breaker. In addition, capacitor
back-to-back switching shall be evaluated, and integral
mitigation components shall be specified to mitigate high
frequency over currents.
7.7.3.7 For existing facilities, baseline measurements shall be
conducted at each bus where a capacitor bank to be added.
The measurements shall be conducted using a
temporary/portable power quality recorder for a sufficient
period to capture the maximum and minimum load
conditions including harmonic contents (magnitudes and
phase angles). In any case, the measurement period shall
not be less than three days at the applicable bus.
7.7.3.8 For new facilities, unless measurements are obtained from
the utility company, baseline harmonics at the PCC can be
considered 1.5% VTHD and 1.0% IVTHD based on SEC
standard 01-TMSS-01.
7.7.3.9 Alternative power factor correction methods shall be
evaluated such as synchronous machine excitation and
synchronous condensers utilization.
7.7.4 Switching Transient Analysis and Insulation coordination studies:
7.7.4.1 Switching overvoltages shall be evaluated based on SEC
standard TES-P-119.05 for systems rated 230kV and above.
7.7.4.2 Lightning overvoltages shall be evaluated based on SEC
standard TES-P-119.05 for systems rated 69kV and above.
7.7.4.3 Surge arresters shall be selected based on SEC standard
TES-P-119.06. Power frequency overvoltages shall

evaluated and surge arresters shall be selected accordingly.

Frequency dependent model shall be developed for surge
arrester selection for lightning studies.
7.7.4.4 The following additional cases shall also be evaluated:
1. Switching submarine (69 kV systems and above) cable
as follows:
a. Energization: worst case Transient Over-Voltage
shall be calculated and compared to equipment
capability. Frequency scan shall be conducted to study
the possibility of exciting system resonance due to
harmonic content of the receiving end transformer’s
inrush current.
b. De-energization: Worst case Transient Recovery
Voltage (TRV) and Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage
(RRRV) shall be calculated and compared to breaker
withstand limits. Submarine cable grounding simulation
shall be studied to assure the cable will discharge in a
safe manner within equipment withstand limits.
Exception:
De-energization/Energization shall be studied for all high
voltage cables with length greater than 30 km.
c. Fault initiation and clearing transients: Three line to
ground (3L-G), Two line to ground (2L-G), and Single
Line to ground (SLG) faults shall be simulated. TRV and
RRRV shall be calculated and compared to breaker
withstand limits.
d. Statistical (100-200 simulations) switching shall be
conducted to discover the worst case TRV.
e. Cable capacitance discharge in voltage
transformers shall be evaluated.
f. Delayed Zero Crossing phenomenon shall be
evaluated when shunt reactors are present.
2. High Voltage Circuit breaker TRV evaluation for motors
rated greater than 10,000 HP switched simultaneously
with a captive transformer.
3. Very Fast Transient simulation as a result of disconnect
switch operation for GIS systems rated 69 kV or greater.
4. Transformer ferro-resonance for the following cases:
a. Single Phase Switching in systems rated at 34.5 kV.
b. Pole discrepancy where circuit breakers with
independent pole mechanism are utilized.
c. Transformers energized through circuit breakers with
grading capacitors.

d. Transformers operating close to the knee point of

their saturation curves.
Note:
This should be identified during modeling of transformer’s saturation
characteristics for electromagnetic transient analysis.
e. Capacitive/Capacitive Coupling voltage transformer
switching.
5. Dry Type transformers closely coupled (less than 30
meters) to vacuum or SF6 breakers.
6. Shunt capacitors and reactors switching (13.8 kV and
above) including capacitor back to back switching.
Capacitor switching transient shall not affect the
operation of other equipment including, but not limited to,
variable frequency drives and solid-state equipment.
7.7.4.5 Where applicable, adequate surge protection shall be
specified for all above cases and simulation results shall be
submitted showing acceptable system behavior based on
the recommended solution. In addition, the calculated
energy absorption shall be within the arrester’s capability.
7.7.4.6 Switching Transient and Insulation Coordination studies shall
be conducted using the approved software. It is the
contractor’s responsibility to request the approved software
from Consulting Services Department/Electrical Engineering
Division.
7.7.4.7 98% out of the statistical switching for any switching
operation should not exceed 80% of the BSL (switching
Impulse Withstand limit), but in no case shall exceed 100%
of the BSL.
7.7.4.8 For both direct stroke and back flashover events, the
maximum determined over voltage at any equipment should
not exceed 80% of the BIL of that equipment.
7.7.5 Relay Coordination Study as mandated in Section 4 of SAES-P-114.
7.7.6 Induced voltage study for pipelines due to overhead line crossing as
mandated in Section 7.6 of SAES-B-064.
7.7.7 Ground grid, touch/step voltage and lightning protection studies as
mandated in SAES-P-111.
7.8 Power system study results shall be tabulated by comparing software output
parameters against equipment rating and standard requirements. For each
equipment, a “pass” or “fail” result shall be incorporated in the table. A descriptive
table shall be provided to explain all switching scenarios and cases considered in
the study. For each study, the following, but not limited to, results shall be
presented in absolute values as well as in percent in a tabulated manner:

Note:
Software output reports are not acceptable. However, they shall be submitted in an appendix
along with input data to support the report results.
7.8.1 Load-Flow and Motor Starting Analyses
7.8.1.1 Thermal Ampacity Studies for Cables and overhead lines
shall be evaluated in terms of voltage drop and
loading/ampacity based on actual installation conditions.
7.8.1.2 Transformers shall be evaluated based on loading and tap
position.
7.8.1.3 All buses shall be evaluated in terms of voltage drop and
loading.
7.8.1.4 Motor terminal and bus voltages during motor starting.
7.8.1.5 Motor and load torque dynamic acceleration curves on same
plot.
7.8.1.6 Calculated dynamic motor starting current, motor damage
curves and relay over current curve on same plot.
7.8.2 Short Circuit Duty and Device Evaluation Analysis
7.8.2.1 The fault current shall be computed using the procedures set
forth in IEEE 551. The prefault voltage shall be 100% of the
base bus voltage using adjusted taps of minimum system
voltage levels. The short circuit duty evaluation shall be
conducted as follows:
• Interrupting duty calculations for all circuit breakers
• Momentary duty calculations for all high voltage circuit
breakers
• Momentary duty calculations for all buses
7.8.2.2 IEC 60909 series calculation procedure shall be utilized for
IEC rated equipment. For each equipment, Ik'', Ib, Idc, Ip
shall be calculated based on 1.1 C-factor. Method C shall be
utilized for obtaining X/R ratio used in Ip calculation.
7.8.2.3 For both ANSI and IEC short circuit results, three phase, and
single line to ground short circuit duty results shall be
reported for all electrical equipment in absolute values and in
percent in a tabulated manner based on the following
equation:
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
Short Circuit Duty % = * 100
𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
Note:
Short Circuit Duty % shall be no greater than 95% of corresponding
bus and breaker ratings.
7.8.3 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
7.8.3.1 Worst case arc flash incident energy and arc flash boundary
shall be reported for the following electrical equipment.

• Panel boards, switchboards, and switchracks (240 V

and ≤600 V)
• All air insulated switchgears (38 kV)
• Low and high voltage motor control gear (38 kV)
• Automatic Transfer Switches, Variable Frequency Drive
and Control Cabinets
• DC Systems (UPS, DC Switchboards, Battery Systems
and DC supply sources – as per Table 130.7 (C)(15)(b)
of NFPA 70 E - 2012)
• Other equipment such as pad mount transformer’s low
voltage compartments, junction boxes with exposed
conductors, etc.
7.8.3.2 The result table shall also include bolted and arcing currents,
clearing time, equipment type and working distance, fault
clearing protection device, and scenario name that resulted
in the worst case arc flash energy.
7.8.3.3 Source (Line incomer cubical) and bus side arc flash incident
energy for all low and high voltage switchgear equipment.
7.8.3.4 Arc flash warning labels shall be submitted in an electronic
format as in an appendix. Hard copy labels shall be
provided based on GI-0002.721 based on final protective
relay settings.
Note:
When an Energy Reducing Maintenance Switch (ERMS) is
implemented, arc flash warning label shall state results with and
without mitigation being implemented as follows:
Label shall state: “Enable maintenance switch at circuit breaker
CB-XYZ for reduced arc flash energy; ## cal/cm², Level (A or B),
and arc flash boundary ## meters).”
7.8.3.5 Arc flash warning labels for tie breaker cubicles shall specify
level C PPE requirements regardless of the calculated
incident arc flash energy.
7.8.4 Harmonic Analysis and Power Factor Correction Studies

7.8.4.1 Current and voltage, total, and individual harmonic distortion
for each applicable bus.
7.8.4.2 Current and Voltage Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) plot for
each applicable bus.
7.8.4.3 Detuned capacitor (filter) bank specifications including
capacitor rated voltage, capacitor rated kVAR, effective total
kVAR at system voltage, number of steps, connection type
reactor’s rated current and inductance.

7.8.4.4 Voltage and current waveforms, FFT and Frequency scan

plots for each bus where power factor capacitor bank is to be
connected.
7.8.4.5 Detuned capacitor (filter) bank evaluation based on 7.7.3.4.
7.8.4.6 Capacitor bank’s switching transient voltages compared to
feeder circuit breaker’s transient recovery voltage ratings.
7.8.4.7 Power factor before and after correction at PCC.
7.8.5 Switching Transient and Insulation Coordination Analysis
7.8.5.1 Temporary over voltages as defined in TES-P-119.05
compared to the fundamental frequency withstand voltage.
7.8.5.2 Statistical switching results: Only 2% out of the statistical
switching results can exceed 80% of the studied equipment’s
BSL. However, it shall not exceed 100% of the BSL.
7.8.5.3 Direct lightning stroke and back flashover voltage
magnitudes: the maximum over voltage shall not exceed
80% of the BIL of the studied equipment.
7.8.5.4 Very Fast Transient over voltages for GIS switchgear
applications along with the recommended mitigation solution.
7.8.5.5 Surge arrester’s measured energy absorption compared to
the surge arrester’s energy capability/class.
7.8.5.6 Calculated TRV and RRRV compared to breaker capability.
Waveforms shall be plotted along with the applicable test
capability (i.e. T10, T30, T60, or T100 envelop)
7.8.5.7 For capacitor switching, calculated peak current times
frequency (Ipeak * f) compared to respective breaker
capability. In addition, voltage transient magnitude and rate
of rise compared to BSL and operating limits of sensitive
equipment such as VFDs and machine excitation systems.
7.8.6 Transient Stability Studies
The Transient Stability Section deliverables shall include the following for
all studies scenarios/disturbances before and after system changes
applied:
7.8.6.1 Table with all scenarios identifying machines/system
responses as either Stable/Unstable/Oscillatory.
7.8.6.2 Plots with elaboration for all connected machines relative
angle, speed, active/reactive Power and (V/f) for at least 30
seconds.
7.8.6.3 Voltage profile and V/f Plots for buses rated 13.8 kV and
greater.
7.8.6.4 System Frequency for connected systems and islanded
systems.
7.8.6.5 Active, reactive and apparent power flow in major system
connected overhead lines, cables, and transformers.

7.8.6.6 HV motors Torques. Speed, voltages, and V/f. Motor stalling

or pulling out step should be reported.
7.8.6.7 Mitigation measures including tuning and design to enhance
system stability, e.g., controllers tunings, system
reconfiguration, load shedding adjustments, installations of
system compensations, etc.
7.8.6.8 In studies for connection of large generation equivalent to
10% or greater of the system demand, Critical Fault Clearing
Time (CFCT) studies shall be conducted and results shall be
reported at primary system voltage buses.
8. Electrical Area Classification Design
8.1 Hazardous area classification shall be in accordance with the requirements of
SAES-B-068.
8.2 In hazardous (classified) areas, electrical equipment/component meeting the
requirement of ANSI/UL/IEC 60079 series shall be labeled, listed, or certified by
any of the agencies in the Approved IECEx Certification Bodies (ExCBs) under
the IECEx Certified Equipment Scheme.
8.3 Installations in hazardous locations shall be as per the National Electrical Code
(NEC) article 505, or IEC 60079 with method of protection that is marked and
corresponds with NEC Article 505 requirements for suitable protection method(s)
for the hazardous area where the equipment is applied (e.g. marking: Class I
Zone 0 AEx ia IIC T6).
8.4 Flameproof enclosures Ex d II are permitted in Class I, Division 1 locations as
meeting the NEC requirements for approved enclosures, provided that:
i) NEC requirements for cable entry are met;
ii) The overall enclosure is flameproof Ex d II (explosion-proof) as a whole (not
only its components);
iii) The enclosure is constructed of a conductive metal or has an integral metal
bonding device that ensures a positive low-resistance bond between conduits
or/and cable armors entering or terminating at the enclosure; and
iv) If used outdoors, the enclosure is rated a minimum of IP54 or better.
v) Marking to contain Class, Zone, AEx, Protection Technique, Gas Group,
Temperature Rating and equipment protection levels (EPL).
8.5 Equipment listed and marked in accordance to NEC 505 for use in Zone 0
locations shall be permitted in Class I, Division 1 or Division 2 locations for the
same gas and with a suitable temperature class.
8.6 Equipment listed and marked in accordance to NEC 505 for use in Zone 0, 1, or
2 locations shall be permitted in Class I, Division 2 locations for the same gas
and with a suitable temperature class.
8.7 Intrinsically Safe equipment identified and listed for use in Class I, Division 1
locations with the same gas group and suitable temperature rating shall be
permitted in Class I, Zone 0

9. Environmental Conditions
9.1 The following locations shall be deemed as “severe corrosive environments” for
the purposes of selection of electrical equipment:
9.1.1 Outdoor offshore locations
9.1.2 Outdoor onshore locations within one kilometer from the shoreline of the
Arabian Gulf
9.1.3 Outdoor onshore locations within three kilometers from the shoreline of
the Red Sea
9.1.4 If part of the facility fence located within the boundary specified in 9.1.2
and 9.1.3, the complete facility shall be considered as “severe corrosive
environments”.
9.1.5 Location where chlorine or other corrosive chemicals are being handled
(e.g., sulfur plants, waste water treatment, water treatment, R.O. facilities).
9.2 Electrical equipment shall be rated in accordance with the requirements of the
SAES-P or SAMSS specific to the equipment and its installation. When not
covered in these documents:
9.2.1 For Ambient Temperature
The temperature criteria shown in Table 3 shall be used to establish
equipment rating.
9.2.2 For other environmental data refer to SAES-A-112.

Table 3 - Temperature Criteria
Ambient Temperature
Monthly Maximum
Location
Normal Maximum (°C) Daily Peak (°C)
Outdoors (Air)
Refer to SAES-A-112
Earth (Soil)
Ocean (Water) 30 30
Indoors in Well-Ventilated Buildings 40 50
Indoors in Air-Conditioned Buildings See Note 1 below
Non-ventilated Enclosures
See Note 2 below
Exposed to the Sun
Notes:
1. Per the design temperature of the air conditioning system (see SAES-K-001) or 30°C,
whichever is greater.
Note: Stationary storage batteries are normally rated for operation in 25°C ambient.
See SAES-P-103 for battery rating and ambient temperature requirements and
SAES-K-001 for battery room design temperature requirements.
2. “Effective” ambient temperature inside an equipment enclosure due to combined effects of
the Monthly Normal Maximum ambient outside the enclosure, 8°C rise from solar radiation,
and an assumed 3°C rise caused by an internal heater or other heat producing device.
Document History
28 April 2022 Major revision to reflect lesson learned from various projects and site
investigations. IEEE 1584-2018 has been adopted for arc flash incident energy
calculations. Emphasis on offshore systems and large motors starting. Load
estimation criteria for new facilities is introduced.
24 November 2019 Editorial revision to comply with SAEP-301 requirements
1 January 2018 Editorial revision to delete paragraph 5.11.
1 August 2017 Major revision: Optimized the standard criteria limits to be aligned with
international standards, added new requirements for advanced power system
studies, added new section to cover the study’s results.
24 February 2016 Minor revision to update the document after receiving one recommendation on
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system from the Board of Engineers on
September 29, 2015. It is referencing SEC series standards for 69 kV and above
transmission lines.
18 March 2015 Minor revision to update the document with comments received from other
departments.
15 August 2012 Major revision.


Saes P 100

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Saes P 100

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Standard 28 April 2022

Previous Revision: 24 Novermber 2019 Next Revision: 28 April 2027

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

Summary of Changes ................................................................................................... 3

2 Conflicts and Deviations ......................................................................................... 5

3.1 SAUDI ARAMCO REFERENCES ............................................................................... 5

3.2 INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................... 6

4.1 ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... 7

4.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 7

6. Design Basis ........................................................................................................ 11

7. System Studies .................................................................................................... 16

8. Electrical Area Classification Design .................................................................... 30

9. Environment Conditions ....................................................................................... 30

Document History ....................................................................................................... 32

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 2 of 31

4.2 4.2 Addition Defining Emergency Systems

4.2 4.2 Addition Defining Standby Systems

6.1.3 6.1.3 Addition Requiring high resistance

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 3 of 31

NA 7.6.3.4/7.6.3.5 Addition Specifying equipment for line-

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 4 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 5 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 6 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 7 of 31

Distribution Equipment Equipment used to distribute power to utilization

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 8 of 31

Low Voltage Voltages less than 1,000 V.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 9 of 31

switchgear. Also referred to as a

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 10 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 11 of 31

three-wire. Secondary distribution shall be either 4,160 V, three-phase, three-

Table 1 - Nominal Voltage Levels

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 12 of 31

Nominal Type of System Specific

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 13 of 31

6.2 Steady State Voltage Range

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 14 of 31

6.5 Direct Current Systems

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 15 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 16 of 31

calculation including, but not limited to, the following

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 17 of 31

7.6.2.3 Short circuit studies for secondary-selective substations shall

7.6.3 Arc Flash Analysis

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 18 of 31

7.6.4 Motor Starting and Voltage Drop Analysis

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 19 of 31

shall be conducted even if the largest HV motor is less than

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 20 of 31

7.7.2.3 Total demand distortion (TDD) shall be within harmonic limits

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 21 of 31

Table 2 - TDD Limits

7.7.3 Power Factor Correction Study

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 22 of 31

7.7.3.4 The detuned capacitor (filter) bank shall be evaluated as

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 23 of 31

evaluated and surge arresters shall be selected accordingly.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 24 of 31

d. Transformers operating close to the knee point of

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 25 of 31

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022 Page 26 of 31

• Panel boards, switchboards, and switchracks (240 V