Forces Acting on Solids

 Forces can change the size

and shape of an object.

 One effect of forces on

matter is Deformation.
 Deformation means
change on shape.

 In deformation forces are

used so they can stretch,
squash, bend or twist
objects.
 Examples for materials
that can be deformed and
spring back to its original
shape:

1- Cylinder of foam rubber

2- Football when it is kicked as
shown:

 When a football is kicked, it is

compressed for a short while .
Then it springs back to its
original shape as it pushes
itself off the foot of the player
who has kicked it.
3- Bungee Jumpers:

 rely on the springiness of the

rubber rope, which breaks their
fall when they jump from a
height. If the rope became
permanently stretched, they
would stop suddenly at the
bottom of their fall, rather than
bouncing up and down and
gradually coming to a halt.
Some Materials that are permanently deformed
by force:

 Whentwo cars collide, the metal panels of their

bodywork are bent.
 Gold
and silver are metals that can be deformed by
hammering them.
Elastic versus Plastic deformation
 We have two types of deformations:

1.Elastic Deformation:
If the object returns to its original shape when the force
causing deformation is removed.

2. Plastic (Non-elastic) deformation:

If the object Doesn’t returns to its original shape when
the force causing deformation is removed.