PROPERTIES OF BULK

MATTER
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
 INTRODUCTION
■ The property of the body by virtue of which it
regain its original size and shape, when
applied force is removed, is called elasticity
and the deformation caused is known as
elastic deformation.
 ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF
SOLIDS
Microscopic nature of the solid body taking a spring
ball example

■ Has definite volume

■ Has definite shape
■ Molecules are held in specific
locations
■ Vibrate about equilibrium
positions
 TYPES OF BODIES
■ Perfectly elastic body: A body which
regain its original configuration immediately
after the removal of deforming force.
■ Perfectly plastic body: A body which does
not regain its original
configuration at all after
the removal of deforming
force.
 STRESS
Stress is the force applied to solid per unit
area.

Units: Pa = N/m2
Dimensions = [ML-1T-2]
Types of stress:
1. Normal Stress
2. Tangential Stress/ Shearing stress
 NORMAL STRESS
Types:
■ Tensile Stress: Extension of the body in the direction of
force applied.
■ Compressive stress: Compression of the body due to the
force applied.
■ Hydrostatic Stress: Change in volume without any change in
shape.
 TANGENTIAL STRESS
■ When a deforming force acting tangentially to the surface of
the body produces a change in the shape of the body without
any change in volume then the stress set up is called tangential
stress.
Tangential stress= F/A0
 STRAIN
Deformation of a material is called STRAIN
Two types of strain:
■ Dilatational Strain, where linear dimensions
and volumes change, but not angles.
■ Shear Strain, where shapes and angles
change, but not volumes.
Dilatational strains
1. Longitudinal Strain: They represent
changes in length.
2. Volumetric Strain: This strain is a change in
volume.
3. Shear strains: Strains along one axis change with
distance in the other axis

Shear strains are changes in shape, or angles.

 HOOKE’S LAW
■ It states that within the elastic limit, the stress
developed is directly proportional to the strain
produced in the body.
 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
■ E – Coefficient of elasticity/Modulus of elasticity
E=stress/strain
Types of modulus of elasticity:

1. Young's Modulus

2. Bulk Modulus

3. Modulus of Rigidity
STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP IN
A WIRE
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
1. Ductile materials: Those materials which show large plastic
region beyond elastic limit. Eg: Cu, Al
2. Brittle materials: Those materials which show very small
plastic region beyond elastic limit. Eg: glass
3. Elastomers : Those materials which can be elastically
stretched to large values of strain. Eg: rubber
■ Elastic After Effect : The temporary delay in
regaining the original configuration by an
elastic body after the removal of a deforming
force is called elastic after effect.
■ Elastic Fatigue : Property of an elastic body
by virtue of which its behaviour becomes less
elastic under the action of repeated alternating
deforming forces.
APPLICATIONS OF ELASTICITY

■ Buckling

I shaped girder