Male genital system

4 Components

tum has seminephroustubules

If profit
Genital ducts epididymis Vas Penileurethra

Iff
sperm transportation
Accessory Organs SV prostate
agggggffifffiff
hygggqyfy.mu

Testes epi

f
Éff
VD

fidh
f
fYEEIL.net
fffhhhff
ffff

protection

Normally Venous plexus in spermatic cord

Cools down scrotum
For spermatogenesis that's why it's NOT intra
abdominal
Cystic lesions
Varicocele Hydrocele
Impaired venous drainage Fluid within
tunica Vaginalis
Blocked Lt renalvein
UIally onleft
Spermatocele
Dilated Tortous
Epididymal Lesion with sperms
stes Palpation
PEHHYY fe.ms gehes due to obstruction in tubes

Inflammation of scrotal structures

Epididymitis orchitis
intestes
A
5yrs N gonorrhea C trachomatis cause Mumps
35yrs E coli Pseudomonas

chronic TB

Testicular Tortion
Twisting of the spermatic cord Haemorrhagic Infarction
cordlike arisefromtestes Then Gangrene
has VD andplexusofveins
cause Physical activity Trauma

Emergency V painfull
Cryptorchidism undescended Testes

intrauterine it is
19 canal
scrotum

HighTeamfophy
of spermatocytes

Infertility Azoospermia on Analysis

Liable SeminomaTumour

M's Atrophy of tubules

BM markedlyThickened Hyalinized

No germ cells Aplasia

Only Sertoli cells seen

SemenAnalysis Azoospermia
 Spermatogenesis physio

es ii
fdIijifi
I Igermatff 8881 Ethers
interstitial
Eydigcells

spermatogenic cells germcells sensitiveto

1Spermatogonium stemcell
ff drugs t.fi Yty
2 1 spermatocytes

3 2 NotseenunderM.SI Effffterone
4 Spermatid rounded control
5
Escalated
in TestesLumen Tubules

Organised by 2 Hormones

t Leydig secrete Androgens

fiftary Testosterone
FSH
ser.tt ncentrates Androgens
In seminephrous tubules
spermatogenesis

Supports
Infertility
Éstcular Hormonal
Endocrinopathy Acquired Genetic
GnRH LH FSH Androgen disorders e.gpituitarytumour

Testicular Testes Posttesticular Ductal

Genetics gonadotoxins Obstruction Immunologic
Varicocele cryptorchidism Ejaculation Erectile dysfunction

Diagnosis
Semen Analysis
count sperms if few Yazospermia

Testicular Biopsy
LookAt BM
3 Typesofcells Spermatogenic germ

3 Notgem
LH

BiopsyInterpretation examples

Sertoli cellonly syndrome nogermcells cryptorchidism

Testicularatrophy

Spermatocytic arrest Atspermatogoniastage Nospermatids Sperm

Hormonal Testosterone

if Normal
obstruction 1 nudism
in ductalsystem
Testicular Cancer

Predisposing

Cryptorchidism
Testicular dysgenesis genetic e.g Feminization
Family history Klinefeltersynd

Diagnosis Marker studies

Staging Examine resected specimen LN dissection

Imaging Labtests

Treatment Radical orchidectomy surgicalremoval

ON
chemotherapy radiotherapy
Classification 4 categories

1 7 Germ cell tumours from spermatogenic 5

a Seminoma Classic Looks like spermatogeniccells

spermatocytic
I Ignosis
Most Common
Middle Age 40s
Predisposing on top of cryptorchidism

Prognosis Excellent Sensitive to chemo radio rate

stage95cure
early

Gross PinkishwhitePaletan fociof HIN

bulging Cs
Total replacement of testes byneoplasm

M.si Sheetsof monotonous cells

clear cytoplasm roundnuclei welldefinedborders
separated by fibrousSepta
In b w Lymphocytes granulomas Giantcells

b Embryonal carcinoma germcellsfertilizesovum embryo

Younger Age 20 40

prognosis More aggressive

Gross Large bulky mass with extensive HIN
M S Large primitive cells
Markedlyneoplastic
C Teratoma

foietotal field fate ectodermendoderm

mesoderm tumourin3components

Gross Cystic mass

maycontaincartilage bone Intestinalepith
skin Primitive neuroectodermalstructures

Prognosis Depends on composition

Worse In Adults Malignantpotential

d Yolk sactumour endodermal sinus

Most common in children
Prognosis good
ms
es s ii is.i i
Tumorcells surround BV
serummarker α FP fetoproten

e choriocarcinoma Alsoinfemale

Prognosis highlyMalignant
widespreadmetastasis highly vascular
earlyhematogenousspread
LungsLiver

M S Lakes of blood
Extensive HIN

2 cells Syncytotrophoblasts large illdefined

Cytotrophoblasts welldefinedborder
Attachesblastocystin uterus
wallbyVilli

SerumMarker B HCG Alsousedfor pregnancyTest

Betahumanchorionicgonadotropin
2 sex cord stromal tumors from Leydig Sertoli

Leydig cell tumors

Painless mass
bimodal distribution Prepubertal 50
may produce androgens Estrogens functioningTumour
Adults gynecomastia Estrogen
children precocious puberty Androgens

Prognosis 90 benign excellent

10 refractory to chemo radiomatignant

Mis Abundant pink cytoplasm centralnuclei

cells hepatoid shape like Livercells
arranged in sheets

Sertoli cell tumors

Rare usually benign can be functioning
M's Tubuleformation

3 Lymphoma

4 Metastatic