GROUP TWO MEMBERS

Jackson ombaso bsn-1-9776-3/2016

John wanjohi bsn-1-9735-3/2016
Tabitha kariuki bsn-1-9736-3/2016
Henry kamala bsn-1-9734-3/2016
Zeth mutembei bsn-1-9750-3/2016
Kevin sumbati bsn-1-1008-3/2016
Caleb muyiekhera bsn-1-9830-3/2016
Carol koki bsn-1-0710-3/2016
Wendi kendi
Patrick muthee bsn-1-9751-3/2016
Rebecca wanjiru
Simon maina
Brian muriithi
Gerald kiplangat
 Development of gonad
Endoderm cells
１ .Development of of yolk sac
undifferentiated gonad Proliferation,
4th week
differentiation
Primordial germ cells

6th week Migration in one

week
6th week
Gonadial ridge Primary sex
Superficial epithelium cord
→cell cords
 Primordial
germ cells

Large and round

endoderm cells
in yolk sac
 Development of gonad
Endoderm cells
１ .Development of of yolk sac
undifferentiated gonad Proliferation,
4th week
differentiation
Primordial germ cells

6th week Migration in one

week
6th week
Gonadial ridge Primary sex
Superficial epithelium cord
→cell cords
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY Y ANTIGEN

 H-Y antigen determine the differentiation to testis

The gene of H-Y antigen located at Y chromosome
The cell membrane of the cell which sex chromosome
is XY possesses H-Y antigen
 Primary sex cord H-Y antigen proliferation
seminiferous tubule
 Ovary
Testis Rete testis

Tubule rectus

Follicle

Seminiferous
tubule

Spermatogonium Primary oocyte

Sustantacular
cell Follicular cell

Follicle
Seminiferous tubule
Migration of
primordial
germ cells

6th week
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY Y ANTIGEN

 H-Y antigen determine the differentiation to testis

The gene of H-Y antigen located at Y chromosome
The cell membrane of the cell which sex chromosome
is XY possesses H-Y antigen
 Primary sex cord H-Y antigen proliferation
seminiferous tubule
 ２ . Development of testis

Primary sex cord (H-Y antigen)

7th week Separated from surface

Mesenchymal
cell

Cells of sex cord Primordial germ cells

Interstitial cell + Sustantacular cell + Spermatogonium Testis

 ３ . Development of ovary
Superficial epithelium

Primary sex
(No H-Y antigen)
cord Secondary sex cord (cortical cord)
After 10th 16th week
Mesenchymal cells week
Primordial follicle
Degeneration

Cells of sex cord Primordial germ cells

Stroma + Follicular cells + Oogonium Ovary

 Cortex
Medulla

Cortical
Cord

Ovary
Testis Rete testis

Tubule rectus

Follicle

Seminiferous
tubule
 Ovary
Testis Rete testis

Tubule rectus

Follicle

Seminiferous
tubule

Spermatogonium Primary oocyte

Sustantacular
cell Follicular cell

Follicle
Seminiferous tubule
４ . Descend of testis
and ovary

Embryo →lengthen
Gubernaculum →shorten
7th to 8th month → Scrotum
 Development of reproductive tracts
1. Undifferentiated stage:

Mesonephric
tubule
Gonad

Mesonephric
duct Paramesonephric
tubule

Sinus Urogenital
tubercle sinus

B. Female
A. Male
 ２ . Differentiation of female reproductive tract

End of upper segment ： Fimbria

Paramesonephric Upper and middle segment ： oviduct
duct ： Lower segment ： Uterus
End ： Vaginal fornix

Sinus tubercle ： Vaginal plate Vagina

Mesonephric
ducts and Degeneration
tubules
 3. Differentiation of male reproductive tract

Metanephric Head ── Epididymal duct

duct Tail ── Spermaduct

Mespnephric Most of →degeneration

tubules Some of → Efferent ducts

Paramesonephric Degeneration
duct
 Ovary
Testis

Urogenital Urogenital
sinus sinus

Oviduct
Spermaduct

Uterus

Vaginal
plate
Efferent duct Epididymal duct
Abnormality of reproductive system

1. Cryptorchidism
2. Congenital inguinal hernia
3. Double uterus
4. Vaginal atresia
5. Hypospadias
6. Hermaphroditism
DOUBLE UTERUS
VAGINAL ATRESIA
CONGENITAL DEFECT OF THE FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM
 Bilateral development defects of the ovaries are rare.
 Absence of an ovary with failure in development of
corresponding uterine tube,half of the uterus and a kidney.
 Unilateral complete or partial atresia of one uterine tube is
common.
 Uterine defects;
-double uterus and duplicated
vagina.
-double uterus with a single vagina
-bicornuate uterus with one cervix and a
vagina.
-Uterus septus or uterus subseptus (in which the
separation is partial).
-Imperforated hymen
-Vaginal Septum
PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITE
 The condition occurs in individuals with
normal chromosomal component .
 It can be distinguished into male and female
hermaphroditism.
 Male pseudohermaphroditism are genetically
males.
 They have testes in the abdomen.
 Their external genitalia however manifests
varying degree of development as male or
female.
PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITE

 A chromatin or a gonado biopsy can help to

confirm the diagnosis.

 Male pseudo hermaphroditism is due to an

insufficient amount of androgen which is
necessary for the development of the male
genitalia.
FEMALE PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITISM

 Commonest form of female pseudo hermaphroditism is an

individual with hypoplastic ovaries placed in their position
and small vagina which open at the urethra at the base of the
penis.
 The defect is the result of congenital adrenal cortical hyper
plasia or hormonal therapy(progesterone)administered to a
pregnant mother.
 In both cases,the influence of the androgen hormone affects
the development of urogenital sinus and external genitalia.
END