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Objectives

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At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

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• Outline the structural differences between muscular and nervous

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tissue

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• Differentiate the muscular tissues
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• Explain the functions of various muscular tissues

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• Describe the characters of nervous tissue

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Content

The tissues

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• Muscular tissues

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• Nervous tissues

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Muscular Tissue
• Consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers or myocytes

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• Use ATP to generateforce

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• Produces body movements

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• Maintains posture

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• Generates heat

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• Provides protection
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• Classified iŶto three types:
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Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle and Smooth muscle

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Skeletal Muscle
 Voluntary muscle

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 Cells attach to connective tissue

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 Cells are striated

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 Cells have more than one nucleus

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Cardiac muscle
 Function is to pump blood (involuntary)
 Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated discs

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 Striated & single nucleus

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Smooth Muscle
 Involuntary muscle
 Surrounds hollow organs

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 Attached to other smooth muscle cells

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 Non – striated and single nucleus

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Nervous Tissue
• Exhibits sensitivity to various stimuli

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• Converts stimuli into nerve impulses (AP)

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• Conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers or glands

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Development Aspects of Tissues
• Epithelial tissue arises from all 3 primary germ layers
• Muscular & connective tissue arise from the mesoderm

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• Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm

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• With old age there is a decrease in mass and viability in most tissues

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• Tissues that regenerate easily: Epithelial tissue, fibrous connective

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tissue and bone

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• Tissues that regenerate poorly: Skeletal muscle
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• Tissues replaced largely with scar tissue: Cardiac muscle & Nervous
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Cell Junctions

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a) Tight junctions

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b) Adherens junctions

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c) Desmosomes

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d) Hemidesmosomes
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e) Gap junctions
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Tights Junction

• Cells of epithelial tissues that

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line the stomach, intestines,

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and urinary bladder

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• Retard the passage

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substances between cells

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Adherens Junction

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• Help epithelial surfaces resist

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separation during various

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contractile activities, as when

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food moves through the

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intestines

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Desmosome

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• Prevent epidermal cells from

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separating under tension

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• Prevent cardiac muscle cells from

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pulling apart during contraction
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Hemidesmosome

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• Anchor cells not to each

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other but to the basement

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membrane

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Gap Junction

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In a developing embryo,

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some of the chemical and

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electrical signals travel via

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gap junctions

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• Enable nerve or muscle

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Summary
• Muscular tissue - Muscle fibers, specialized for contraction

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• Function: Provides motion, maintenance of posture, heat

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production and protection

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• Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia

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• Neurons are sensitive to stimuli, convert stimuli to AP (nerve
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impulses), and conduct nerve impulses
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