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 explain the different kinds of paragraph

 determine the kind of paragraph in a

constructed text

 compose a paragraph according to its

purpose, structure and language features
 There are many different text types a person
may encounter in the course of a single day.

They might read a newspaper article in the

morning, then write a letter or email to a
friend, follow a recipe to make dinner, complete
an application form, pick up a leaflet, before
finally savoring a good novel at bedtime.
 LITERARY
made up of
entertainment and
creativity

Text
Types

FACTUAL
real and provable facts
and opinions
- seek to entertain, enlighten,
or elicit emotion through a
creative use of language and
structure
Text Type Purpose Structure Language Features Example

A literary genre of writing,
poetry can be written to serve
a wide variety of purposes.
P For example, poetry can be
The different types of poetry - musicality of language is sonnet,
make use of a variety of utilized through the use of haiku,
different structures. rhyme, rhythm, and various lyric verse,
There are way too many to
literary devices song,
limerick

O written to entertain, to inform, list. That said, the structure of - language that appeals to
to amuse, to share knowledge, poetry usually revolves the senses is used
pass on culture, to advance around the use of rhyme
E culture etc. schemes, rhythmical - imagery is used to paint
patterns, grammatical pictures in the readers’
T Poetry comes in many forms patterns, and line and stanza minds
and sometimes these forms length.

R come with their own specific

purposes. For example,
- sounds and meanings of
language are played with
limericks are crafted to amuse through the use of literary
Y readers, while elegies are devices
usually written to praise or
mourn a person.
Text Type Purpose Structure Language Features Example

Essentially, the purpose of There are many types of - most often written in the novel,
N narrative text is to tell a story.
That said, there can be many
narrative text, but broadly
speaking, they all begin by
past or present tense short story,
myth,
A reasons for storytelling in the
first place, for example, myths
establishing setting and
introducing the characters.
- most oftenly uses the third
or first person perspective
legend,
science
R can be told to explain natural
phenomena and legends can A problem or complication - characters are often
fiction,
fantasy,
R be used to pass on cultural
beliefs.
is then introduced which
serves as the driving force
recognizably human in their
motivations and actions
fable,
cartoon,
A behind the ensuing events.
Storytelling itself is a means After the rising action reaches - language is used
stage play,
film script,
T to entertain and inform readers a dramatic high point or
and allows for the writer to climax, a resolution is
creatively to paint a picture
in the reader’s mind
television
script,
I express themselves creatively achieved and the story ends.
and imaginatively. - storytelling may be
radio
script,
V There are many types of
supplemented by the use of
images
role play

E narrative text, including myths,

fables, traditional tales, novels,
short stories, etc. to name a
few.
- endeavor to inform, instruct,
or persuade through the use of
facts and information
Text Type Purpose Structure Language Example
Features

E This is used by Explanatory texts - title reveals what is scientific writing,

X providing straightforward
descriptions to looking at
P things like causes and
reasons. They move
L beyond a retelling of what
happened, such as in a
A simple report, to address
the why and how of what
N happened.
A process are then
T explained in a logical
usually open with a
general statement that
being explained spoken
presentation
introduces the topic to be
explored, for example,
- may contain diagrams,
flowcharts, illustrations
etc.
“During the winter some
birds migrate to warmer - written in simple
parts of the world.” present tense
The various steps of the - time connectives are
used such as first, after,
order.
then, next, finally etc.

O - talks to the reader

directly e.g. “You’ll be
R surprised to learn…”

Y
 This focuses on This text usually - most often written journal,
retelling events and is opens with a scene in the past tense as diary,
generally intended to being set or other text type relates newspaper
inform and/or device that events that already article,
entertain. establishes context. happened historical
They continue by recount,
RECOUNT providing an account
of the events that
- time connectives
are used extensively
letter,
log,
/ took place, usually in
chronological order.
to organize
chronology e.g. first,
timeline

REPORT At times, the

then, next, after that,
etc.
chronological
structure can be - details are used
reordered by using extensively to flesh
techniques such as out the barebones of
flashbacks etc., but the events
generally, this is the
domain of fictional
recounts.
 These are instructions This type of text begins - title indicates the instruction,
and procedural texts that with a defined objective process described e.g. recipe,
communicate rules or or goal, which will often How to… directions
processes to follow. form the title.
- includes resource/
They are commonly Usually, a list of equipment list
found in accompanying resources, equipment
INSTRUCTIONAL games, household etc. will then be included, - process is described
appliances, or in recipes followed by a step-by- step-by-step using bullet
/ etc. step description of the points, numbers etc.
process to be followed to
PROCEDURAL While in some ways, achieve the desired - time connectives are
instructional/ procedural outcome. Often, the used to organize writing
/ texts are similar to written process will be (first, next, then, finally
explanatory texts, the supported by diagrams etc.)
SEQUENCE main difference is that and/or illustrations.
while instructional / - imperatives are used
procedural texts tell you Occasionally, the
what to do, explanatory diagrams or illustrations - diagrams / Illustrations
texts describe something. may replace the written are used to support or
text entirely. replace text
 The purpose of Beginning with an - written in the simple brochures,
persuasive texts is to opening statement, or present tense posters,
P convince the reader of the thesis statement, newspaper
merits of adopting a persuasive texts start by - moves from a general articles
E particular viewpoint or summing up the point to specific points
taking a specific course of viewpoint to be
R action. presented. The body - uses logical
paragraphs then connectives (therefore,
S organize, present, and because of this, this
elaborate on this proves that)
U viewpoint. A closing
statement then restates - employs rhetorical
A and reinforces the devices
original thesis of the text.
S - uses facts and
evidence to support
I arguments

O - addresses reader
directly
N
- employs various
methods of
psychological persuasion
 The purpose of a
discussion text is to
D explore more than one
I point of view on a given
subject in order to reach
S an informed opinion, or
to make a decision on
C an issue.
U explore the various
Discussion texts begin
by providing some
background information
on the issue, before
introducing the central
area or areas of
contention. At this point,
the text will then begin to
arguments for and against
- title is often in the debate,
form of a question conversatio
n, talkback,
- written in the radio
present tense
- generic statements
are followed by
specific examples

S with an examination of the - arguments are

supporting evidence. sometimes supported
S by diagrams,
The conclusion will sum illustrations etc.
I up both sides of the
O argument, before giving a
recommendation based
N on the writer’s evaluation
of those arguments.
 The pieces that one
composes can create
different text types.
Each text type
varies in its purpose of
writing, structure, and
language features.
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