SOCIOLOGY
Enculturation the passing on of group’s custom, beliefs
• The science of man and society
• Study of patterns of human behavior
• Study of groups and societies and how they affect the
people.
Society a group of organized individuals who think of
themselves as a distinct group, and who live together sharing
the same culture occupying the same territory, who
interrelates and interacts with one another, recruits its
members by inter group sexual reproduction and has a
shared comprehensive culture with common shared
attitudes, sentiments, aspirations and goals.
Socialization A process of adapting or conforming to the
common needs and interests of a social group. A process
whereby people learn the attitudes, values and actions
appropriate to individuals as members of a particular society,
where a member of a group learns and internalizes the norms
and standard of the other member among whom she/he
lives.
Agents of Socialization:
a) Family Smallest social institution whose members are
united by blood, marriage or adoption, constituting a
household and having a common culture.
b) School/Education established by society for the
basic enculturation of the group: an agency which
makes student learns how to value oneself and
eventually others: an agency organized by society for
the basic function of teaching and learning.
c) Church
d) Mass media
e) Peers
f) Workplace
Institutional Group Agencies for Education
Three(3) very important groups that serve as agencies for
learning:
1. Family
✓ Smallest social institution Educative Functions of the
Family (Home)
✓ Health Education proper food to eat, proper hygiene.
✓ Ethics,Morality, Religion spiritual, moral, and
desirable social values.
✓ Socialization roles and status in society,
✓ Psychomotor and manipulative skills how to walk,
dance and to use properly kitchen tools, utensils, etc.
✓ Recreational skills.
✓ Academic reading,writing,arithmetic
2. School
✓ An institution, center of learning, established by society
in which the accumulated experiences of the past
generations are passed on to the incoming generation
by means of systematized programs of instructions.
Roles of the School:
1) The school as an agent of socialization
✓ Children learn how to get along with other students in
the school.
✓ Social ethics are taught in the schools.
✓ The student government trains the students to become
good leaders and followers.
✓ The school prepares the individual to become worthy
members of the society by making them aware of their
responsibilities.
2) The school as an agent of cultural transmission
✓ Culture can be transferred through:
A.
and traditions from one generation to the next generation.
B. Acculturation learning other culture; the passing of
customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction/ reading /
intermarriages, etc.
✓ Values and attitudes formation are easily transmitted
thoroughness provided by the teachers.
✓ Culture can be transmitted through field trips,
experiential learning, experimentation, group dynamics,
cooperative learning, peer learning, role playing and
dramatization.
✓ Knowledge about the latest development in science and
technology, and about the nations and people of the
world can be acquired through different learning
activities.
3) The school as an agent of cultural change
✓ Cultural changes are best discussed in the school.
4) The school as agent of modernization
✓ Educational systems are focused on future needs of the
stu-dents.
✓ Changes which are mostly attempts to modernization
are being discussed in the school.
The elements of cultural change which lead to
modernization:
✓ Development of oral and written communication and
modern means of communication.
✓ Improvement of science and technology in all fields
5.) Other functions of the schools:
✓ Serves as a multi purpose institution.
✓ Provides training of the mind, teaches the basics.
✓ Develops problem solving and critical thinking.
✓ Promotes social integration, enculturation and cultural
perception.
✓ Accelerates adjustment of society
3. Church A lifetime school of learning.
Education from the Church (through the bible):
✓ History Ex:Persia (now Iran),Mesopotamia(now Iran)
✓ Prophecies Ex:Earthquake,Famine,Calamities
✓ Divine Values Ex:Love,Hope,Faith,Wisdom
Sociology of Education
• Provides a study of the relationships between society and
the educational processes which contribute to the analysis
and solution to problems con-fronting the educational
system
Anthropology
• Science that studies the origin and development of man,
his work and achievements which includes the study of
physical, intellectual, moral, social and cultural development
of man, including his customs, Mores, Folkways and beliefs.
Culture
• The shared products of human learning, the set of learned
behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are
characteristics of a particular society or population
• The complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts,
laws. morals customs and other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society
Characteristics of Culture:
CULTURE is
❖ Transferable
❖ Dynamic
❖ Learned
❖ Continuous
❖ Shared
 ❖ Universal
❖ Symbolic
❖ Adaptive
❖ Borrowed
Elements of Culture
✓ Language an abstract system of word meanings and
symbols for all aspects of culture; the foundation of
culture: verbal and nonverbal
✓ Norms are established standards of behavior
maintained by a society; it must be shared and
understood
✓ Sanctions penalties or rewards for conduct concerning
social norms
a) positive sanctions pay,promotion,medals,word of
gratitude.
b) negative sanctions fines, imprisonment, threats, stares,
ostracism
✓ Values are collective conceptions of what is considered
good, desirable and proper or bad, undesirable and
improper in a particular culture.
✓ Change An enduring force in history; is.inevitable,
takes place from time to time
The adjustment of persons or group to achieve relative
harmony
Forms of Change:
a) Cultural change refers to áll alteration affecting new trait
or trait complexes to change the culture’s content and
structures
b) Technological change revision that occur in man’s
application of his technical knowledge and skills as he adopts
himself to environment
Examples of technological changes in education:
• Introduction of new methods of learning
• Vocational education, computer education, and practical
arts in the curriculum
• Inclusion of information and communication technology in
the curriculum
c) Social change refers to the variation or modifications in
the patterns of social organization, of such groups within
a society or of the entire society
Example of social changes in education:
• Revival of nationalism themes in literature , music and arts,
etc.
Anthropological Sociological Implications to Education:
• The curricular program of all learning institutions should be
examined by the Commission on Higher
Education(CHED)and the Department of Edu-cation (DepEd)
so that those will be responsive to the needs- of the society.
• Parents should be involved in the school projects and
activities, and in enculturation and socialization processes.
SOCIAL CONCEPTS:
1.Values generally considered as something -a principle,
quality, act or entity-that is intrinsically desirable
2. Justice Giving others what is due to them; rendering to
every man that exact measures of his due without regard to
his personal worth or merit.
3. Freedom , Rights and Responsibility
Freedom is not absolute, it is not doing something without
restrictions or, reservations or interference and influence of
others.
Right means what is just, reasonable, equitable; what ought
to be, what is justifiable, something that is owed or due to
others.
Rights and responsibility come in pairs. If one wants more
rights and freedom, she/he shall also have to accept more
responsibility. A right is abused when it interferes with the
rights of others
The reciprocation of rights-and duties is the true foundation
of social order.
✓ Duties refer to those that are due justice, to another
individual or collective persons and to God.
✓ Authority refers to the right given to give commands,
enforce laws, take action, make decisions, and exact
obedience, determine or judge.
✓ Accountability means to be answerable for;
emphasizes liability for some-thing of value either
contractually or because of one’s position of authority.
✓ Responsibility- refers to trustworthy performance of
fixed duties and con-sequent awareness of the penalty
for failure to do so.
4. Ethics/Moral law
Ethics is based on one’s station in life: to each station
corresponds a certain behavior according to which a person
must live.
SOCIAL SCIENCE The scientific study of human society and
social relationship
Branches of Social Science
1. Anthropology the study of human societies and cultures
and their development.
2. Archeology the study of human history and pre-history
through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts
and other physical remains.
3. Economic the branch of knowledge concerned with the
production , consumption, and transfer of wealth.
4. Geography the study of the physical features of the earth
and its atmosphere , and of human activity as it affects and
is affected by these, including the distribution a populations
and resources, land use, and industries.
5. Linguistics the study of language and it's structure,
including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and
semantics.
Specific branches of linguistics include:
1) Sociolinguistics
2) Dialectology
3) Psycholinguistics
4) Computational linguistics
5) Historical - comparative linguistics
6) Applied linguistics
6. History study of past events, particularly in human
affairs. The whole series of past events connected with
someone or something.
7. Law the system of rules which a particular country or
community recognizes as regulating the actions of it’s
members and which it may enforce by the imposition of
penalties.
8. Politics the activities associated with the governance of a
country or other area, especially the debate or conflict
among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve
power.
9. Psychology the scientific of the human mind and it’s
functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given
context.
10. Sociology the study of the development, structure and
functioning of human society. The study of human
relationship and institutions.