IMMACULADA CONCEPCION COLLEGE

.of Soldier’s Hills Caloocan City, Inc

Soldier's Hills III Subd.,Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City
Tel. nos: 709-42-25/935-99-86/373-15-12 ;icc_caloocan@yahoo.com.ph

SOCIOLOGY
 The science of man and society
 Study of patterns of human behavior
 Study of groups and societies and how they affect the people

Society - a group of organized individuals who think of themselves

as a distinct group, and who live together sharing the same culture occupying the
same territory, who interrelates and interacts with one another, recruits its
members by inter group sexual reproduction and has a shared comprehensive
culture with common shared attitudes, sentiments, aspirations and goals.

Socialization - A process of adapting or conforming to the common needs and

interests of a social group. A process whereby people learn the attitudes, values
and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular society, where
a member of a group learns and internalizes the norms and standard of the other
member among whom she/he lives.

Agents of Socialization:
a) Family- smallest social institution whose members are united by blood, marriage
or adoption, constituting a household and having a common culture.
b) School/Education- established by society for the basic enculturation of the
group: an agency which makes student learns how to value oneself and
eventually others: an agency organized by society for the basic function of
teaching and learning.
c) Church
d) Mass media

Institutional Group Agencies for Education

Three(3) very important groups that serve as agencies for learning:
1. Family
 Smallest social institution
Educative Functions of the Family (Home)
 Health Education -proper food to eat, proper hygiene
 Ethics,Morality,Religion-spiritual, moral, and desirable social values
 Socialization- roles and status in society,
 Psychomotor and manipulative skills -how to walk, dance and to use
properly kitchen tools, utensils, etc.
 Recreational skills
 Academic-reading,writing,arithmetic
2. School

 An institution, center of learning, established by society in which the

accumulated experiences of the past generations are passed on to the
incoming generation by means of systematized programs of instructions.
Roles of the School:
1) The school as an agent of socialization
 Children learn how to get along with other students in the
school.
 Social ethics are taught in the schools.
 The student government trains the students to become good
leaders and followers.
 The school prepares the individual to become worthy members
of the society by making them aware of their responsibilities.
2) The school as an agent of cultural transmission
 Culture can be transferred through:
A. Enculturation
-- the passing on of group’s custom, beliefs and traditions
from one generation to the next generation.
B. Acculturation
--learning other culture; the passing of customs, beliefs
and tradition through interaction/ reading /
intermarriages, etc.
 Values and attitudes formation are easily transmitted
thoroughness provided by the teachers.
 Culture can be transmitted through field trips, experiential
learning, experimentation, group dynamics, cooperative
learning, peer learning, role playing and dramatization.
  Knowledge about the latest development in science and
technology, and about the nations and people of the world can
be acquired through different learning activities.
3) The school as an agent of cultural change
 Cultural changes are best discussed in the school.

4) The school as agent of modernization

 Educational systems are focused on future needs of the stu-
dents.
 Changes which are mostly attempts to modernization are being
discussed in the school.
 The elements of cultural change which lead to modernization:
 Development of oral and written communication and
modern means of communication.
 Improvement of science and technology in all fields
5.) Other functions of the schools:
 Serves as a multi purpose institution
 Provides training of the mind, teaches the basics
 Develops problem solving and critical thinking
 Promotes social integration, enculturation and cultural perception
 Accelerates adjustment of society

3. Church
 A lifetime school of learning
Education from the Church (through the bible):
 History
Ex:Persia (now Iran),Mesopotamia(now Iran)
 Prophecies
Ex:Earthquake,Famine,Calamities
 Divine Values
Ex:Love,Hope,Faith,Wisdom

Sociology of Education
 Provides a study of the relationships between society and the
educational processes which contribute to the analysis and solution
to problems con-fronting the educational system.
Anthropology
 Science that studies the origin and development of man, his work and
achievements which includes the study of physical, intellectual,
moral, social and cultural development of man, including his customs,
Mores, Folkways and beliefs.
Culture

 The shared products of human learning, the set of learned behaviors,

beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a
particular society or population
 The complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws.
morals customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as
a member of society

Characteristics of Culture:
CULTURE is
 Transferable
 Dynamic
 Learned
 Continuous
 Shared
 Universal
 Symbolic
 Adaptive
 Borrowed

Elements of Culture
 Language - an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all
aspects of culture; the foundation of culture: verbal and nonverbal
 Norms - are established standards of behavior maintained by a society; it
must be shared and understood
 Sanctions - penalties or rewards for conduct concerning social norms
a)positive sanctions-pay,promotion,medals,word of gratitude
b) negative- fines, imprisonment, threats, stares, ostracism
 Values-are collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable
and proper or bad, undesirable and improper in a particular culture.

Change
  An enduring force in history; is.inevitable, takes place from time to time
 The adjustment of persons or group to achieve relative harmony
Forms of Change:
a) Cultural change- refers to áll alteration affecting new trait or trait
complexes to change the culture’s content and structures
b) Technological change -revision that occur in man’s application of
his technical knowledge and skills as he adopts himself to
environment
Examples of technological changes in education:
 Introduction of new methods of learning
 Vocational education, computer education, and practical arts in
the curriculum
 Inclusion of information and communication technology in the
curriculum
c )Social change –refers to the variation or modifications in the patterns
of social organization, of such groups within a society or of the entire society
Example of social changes in education:
 Revival of nationalism themes in literature , music and arts, etc.

Anthropological-Sociological Implications to Education:

 The curricular program of all learning institutions should be examined by
the Commission on Higher Education(CHED)and the Department of Edu-
cation (DepEd) so that those will be responsive to the needs- of the society.
 Parents should be involved in the school projects and activities, and in
enculturation and socialization processes.

SOCIAL CONCEPTS:

1.Values
 generally considered as something -a principle, quality, act or entity-that is
intrinsically desirable
2. Justice
 Giving others what is due to them; rendering to every man that exact
measures of his due without regard to his personal worth or merit.
3. Freedom , Rights and Responsibility
 Freedom is not absolute, it is not doing something without restrictions or,
reservations or interference and influence of others.
  Right means what is just, reasonable, equitable; what ought to be, what is
justifiable, something that is owed or due to others.
 Rights and responsibility come in pairs. If one wants more rights and
freedom, she/he shall also have to accept more responsibility. A right is
abused when it interferes with the rights of others
 The reciprocation of rights-and duties is the true foundation of social order.
 Duties- refer to those that are due justice, to another individual or collective
persons and to God.
 Authority-refers to the right given to give commands, enforce laws, take
action, make decisions, and exact obedience, determine or judge.
 Accountability- means to be answerable for; emphasizes liability for
some-thing of value either contractually or because of one’s position of
authority
 Responsibility- refers to trustworthy performance of fixed duties and con-
sequent awareness of the penalty for failure to do so.
4. Ethics/Moral law
Ethics is based on one’s station in life: to each station corresponds a certain
behavior according to which a person must live.