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Dear Heavenly Father,

As we gather here today, we humbly bow our heads in

gratitude for the opportunity to learn and grow.

Lord, we ask for Your guidance and wisdom as we enter

this classroom. Please grant us the clarity of mind to
comprehend the lessons that will be taught and the
strength to overcome any challenges that may arise.

We also lift up any concerns or worries we may have,

knowing that You are our refuge and strength. Grant us
peace and confidence as we face the tasks ahead.

In your name, we pray. Amen.

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 Nihil Sine Fide
(Nothing Without Faith)
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 Zoom in,
zoom out!

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 television

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 Air fryer

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 Washing machine

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 microwave

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 blender

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 refrigerator

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 Induction stove

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 Vacuum cleaner

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 Xbox one

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 Rice cooker

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 Engage and explore

How is it possible that those How is electricity What sources of

appliances are functioning? generated? electricity do you know?

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 ENERGY RESOURCES

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 objectives
1. Explain how heat from inside the Earth
(geothermal) and from flowing water
(hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy
for human use.

2. Describe the different ways of harnessing

flowing water and heat from inside the Earth.

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 categories
renewable
sources of energy which can be
replenished or renewed over time

non-renewable
do not renew at a sufficient rate
within a human time frame

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 Hydro energy
• utilizes the kinetic energy
of running water to turn a
turbine generator and
generate electricity

• constitutes the highest

energy percentage
(about 6.7%) among
other resources

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output energy
1. height

2. available
flow

PE= mgh

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 4. Current passes through a transformer
to increase voltage and carried through
power transmission lines.
3. Generator shaft is
turned by the turbine.

1. PE of water is
transformed into KE.

2. Moving water strikes the rotary blades of the turbine.

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 Classifications of
hydro power plants
Size Capacity

1. micro 1 to 100 KW

2. mini 101 KW to 10 MW

3. large more than 10 MW

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 botocan (20.8 mW) San Roque (340 mw)
laguna pangasinan

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 Pros it is non-
polluting
reliable
source
obstructs fish
migration
affects fish
population
and
cons
for flood water alter natural change agri
control supply water system landscapes

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 RA 7156
Mini-Hydroelectric
Power Incentive Act
• grants incentives to mini-
hydroelectric power
developers and entrepreneurs

• to develop potential sites for

hydroelectric power in their
localities

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 Ocean power
• oceans are tapped to
produce electricity through
the power or energy
provided by waves, tides,
temperature fluctuations

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TIDAL POWER

• difference in wave height

caused by tides is used to turn
turbines to produce electricity

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 Rance Tidal Power Station Sikhwa LakeTidal Power Station
(240 MW) France – 1966c (254 MW) South Korea- 2011

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Cultivation of tidal energy

dam-like structure with a vertical axis turbines contains blades

turbines placed at the like a fence and operates that turn a rotor to
bottom of the reservoir like giant turnstiles power a generator

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 Pros source is
just free
operating
costs are low
very limited
suitable sites
construction
costs are high
and
cons
vulnerable to
it is non- require little corrosion due
huge tidal to saltwater
polluting land space storms

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Wave energy
• kinetic energy of ocean
waves is used to
produce electricity

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 • structure is placed
near a sea
• wave water gets
inside the chamber
• creates an air
pressure that would
rotate the turbine

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 • during the ebb tide of the
sea
• water gets off from the
chamber
• air pressure is created
again from the opposite
direction
• causes turbine to rotate

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 The flow of
the wave
creates
pressure
that rotates
the turbine
of the
structure.

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 Pros source is
just free
widely
available
very limited
suitable sites
poses hazards
to lifeforms
and
cons
Generate noise displeasing
easily brings no visual to
pollution
predicted land damage residents

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 Ocean Thermal
Energy conversion
• another way of producing
energy using the ocean water

• uses temperature difference

between surface water (25°C)
and deep ocean water (5°C)

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 Ocean Thermal
Energy conversion
• surface temperature vaporizes a low-
boiling point fluid like ammonia.

• vapor expands and spins the turbine

• vapor is then condensed by deep

ocean water into liquid to be reused

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 offers
Pros available day
and night synergistic
not feasible in
all regions
expensive

and products

cons
alters the
aircon system available all affects marine
seabed life and habitat
cold storage year round

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 Geothermal
Energy
• heat from Earth’s interior is
used as energy source

• heat is released from

underground steam and
hot springs

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 Geothermal
Energy
Where does the Earth’s internal
heat come from?
✓ potassium-40
✓ uranium-235
✓ uranium-238
✓ throium-232

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types of geothermal
power stations
1. Dry steam
2. Flash steam
3. Binary steam

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Dry steam
• simplest & oldest design

• directly uses geothermal steam

• Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant (Albay)

• Palinpinon Geothermal Field (Negros

Island)

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 2. Generator is driven by
turbine to produce
electricity.

1. Rising steam
spins the turbine.

3. Steam is cooled in the

condenser and returned to
the reservoir.

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flash steam
• commonly used at present

• instead of pumping hot steam, it

pipes high pressured hot water in a
“flash” tank and convert it into steam

• Bacon-Manito (Bac-Man) Geothermal

Power Plant in Sorsogon-Albay

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binary steam
• used if the water that reaches
the surface is not hot enough
to produce steam

• a secondary fluid is used to

become steam/vapor

• Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban)
Geothermal Field (Laguna)

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 3. The vapor drives the turbine that
produces electricity.

2. The heat from the

hot water causes the
secondary fluid to
flash vapor.

4. Secondary fluid
condenses back and is
1. Hot geothermal
reused.
water is passed
through a heat
exchanger.

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 objectives
1. Explain how heat from inside the Earth
(geothermal) and from flowing water
(hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy
for human use.

2. Describe the different ways of harnessing

flowing water and heat from inside the Earth.

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Sustainable energy transition

• refers to systemic changes

needed in societies in response
to the environmental crisis

• defined as a “radical
transformation towards a
sustainable society

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Sustainable energy transition

• refers to the global energy

sector’s shift from fossil-
based systems of energy
production and consumption
to renewable energy sources

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 Love and gratitude

Any questions?
Clarifications?

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