HUT – OISP

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CALCULUS 1 212 - SESSION 04

ASYMPTOTE – CONTINUITY
DERIVATIVE 01

Instructor: PhD. Nguyen Quoc Lan (January, 2021)

Email: dhbktoannql@gmail.com
 ASYMPTOTE: VERTICAL (VA), HORIZONTAL (HA).
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Vertical x = a: lim f ( x ) =   lim f ( x ) = .

x→a + x→a −

Horizontal y = b: lim f ( x ) = b  lim f ( x ) = b.

x→+ x→−

Find: a / Vertical asymptotes of ( C ) : y = ln ( x 2 − 3 x + 2 )

4 x2 + 1
b/Horizontal asymptotes of (H): y =
x +1
sin x
c/All asymptotes of (S): y =
x
 SLANT ASYMPTOTE
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Slant: lim f ( x) − ax − b = 0  f ( x) = ax + b +  ( x ), x → 
x →
f ( x)
Formula: a = lim ; b = lim f ( x) − ax
x → x x →

x 2 + 3x + 5 x3 + 7 x + 9
Slant: a/ (C): y = b/ (H): y = 2 c/ (S): y = x2 + 1 − x
x+2 x +x+4
 STUDY THE CONTINUITY
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Elementary (one formula) function: Continuous  Defined

ln (2 − x )
Example : Find the continuous points of f ( x ) = x +1 +
x

Piecewise defined ( 2 formula) function: Use one – sided limit

Example : Find the value a for that t he function

ax + 5, x  1
f (x) =  2 be continuous at R
 x − 3 x + 4, x  1
 DERIVATIVE
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Derivative of f(x), x = a:

Reading: f’(a) is “f prime of a”, and df/dx is “dee f by dee x”.

( ) = 2 x, (x ) = 3x 2 ... (x )
/
2 / 3 /  /  −1 / u 
Highschool : x = x , (u  v ) , (uv ) ,  
/
v
Left derivative:f / ( a − ) . Right derivative:f / ( a + ) . Ex.: Study f / ( 0 ) , f ( x ) = x
 DERIVATIVE & CONTINUITY
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f(x): differentiable at x = a  f: continuous / x = a. (): Wrong

Example: Find a so the next functions are differentiable at x0 :

 1  1

a / f ( x) = 
x sin , x  x0 =0 
b/ g ( x ) = 
2 x + ( x − 1) 2
sin , x  x0 = 1
x x −1
a, x = x0 =0 a, x = x0 =1
 DIFFERENTIATION RULE
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/
(u  v ) = u /  v /
/
(uv )/ u 
 
v
(u ) = 2u  u /
2 /
 f (u )/ = f /
(u )  u /

Power : x ( ) = x
 /  −1
Root : ( x ) =
2 x
/ 1
, ( x ) = (x )
3 / 13 /
= ...

( ) ( )
/ /
1 1  1  −2 / x /
  =− 2, 2 = x (sin x ) , (cos x ) , (tan x ) , e , (ln x )/
/ / /
 x x x 
1 1 1
(arcsin x ) =
/
; (arccos x ) = −
/
; (arctan x ) =
/
...
1− x 2
1− x 2 1+ x 2

Logarithmic differentiation: u n
v (v ) y/
y = m , u ( x ) ...  (ln y ) =
/
= ...
v y
 DIFFERENTIATION RULE
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sin x arccos x
Find y : a/ y =
/
− 2 x arcsin x b/ y = 3 c/ y = x sin x
arctan x ln (1 + x )
 TANGENT EQUATION
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Derivative f’(a) is Slope of

Tangent line at x = a  Tangent
line equation of graph (C): y =
f(x) at x = a

y − f (a ) = f / (a )( x − a )

Example : Write the tangent equation of y = f ( x ) = arctan x at a = 3

 1 + 2x −1
 , x0
f ( x) =  x
 a, x=0

 TIP WITH PIECEWISE DEFINED & ROOT FUNCTION
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 1 + 2x −1
 , x0
Find a so f ( x ) =  x is differentiable at x0 = 0.
 a, x=0

2
Let y = p ( x ) be the tangent equation of (C): y = f ( x ) at x0 = 0   p ( x ) dx = ?
0
 IMPLICIT FUNCTION
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The functions we have met so far can be described by y = f(x)

Some functions, however, are defined implicitly by a relation between
x & y such as x^3 + y^3 = 6xy  y = y(x): Implicit function

An equation F(x, y) = 0 defines

implicitly one (or more)
function y = y(x):

F(x, y(x)) = 0
These functions are called
implicit function
 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
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Method of Implicit Differentiation: Differentiating both sides of the

equation F(x, y) = 0 with respect to x, regarding always y = y(x), and
then solving the resulting equation for y’.

Example : a/ Find y / if x 3 + y 3 = 6 xy
b/ Find the tangent t o the curve (C) : x 3 + y 3 = 6 xy at (3; 3)