HUT – DEPARTMENT OF MATH.

APPLIED
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CALCULUS 1 – 212 SESSION 09

IMPROPER INTEGRAL

Instructor: Dr. Nguyen Quoc Lan (April 2022)

 IMPROPER INTEGRALS: TEXTBOOK, PAGE 427
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a  x  b a, b : finite interval

b

 f ( x )dx → Area :  →
a 0  y  f ( x )  f ( x ) is defined in a, b
 1
dx dx
But :  2
or  : Infinite domain → Area defined?
2x 0
x
 IMPROPER INTEGRALS: 1st TYPE
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 b
Boundary  :  f ( x )dx = lim  f ( x )dx = (convention) F ( x )+a 
b→+
a a
Limit exists as finite number : Convergenc e. Otherwise : Divergence.
b b
Boundary −  :  f ( x )dx = lim  f ( x )dx = (convention) F ( x )b−
a →−
− a
+ c +
:  f ( x )dx =  f ( x )dx +  f ( x )dx : Both in RHS must converge.
− − c

  0 : ( ) = , ( )− = 0
a  1 : a  = , log a  = 
 a0 x n + ...  a0
  =
 b x n + ... 
 0  x = b0
 EXAMPLE
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  0 : ( ) = , ( )− = 0 
dx

dx
0 +
Find: a/  b/  c/  e2 x dx d/  x3dx
a  1 : a  = , log a  =  1 x3 2
x − −
 a0 x n + ...  a0 1 + 0
  = dx xdx
 b x n + ... 
 0  x = b0
e/  x2 − 6 x + 8
f/  x4 + 1
g/  xe x dx
− 2 −
 EXAMPLE
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  0 : ( ) = , ( )− = 0 
dx

dx
0 +
Find: a/  b/  c/  e2 x dx d/  x3dx
a  1 : a  = , log a  =  1 x3 2
x − −
 a0 x n + ...  a0 1 + 0
  = dx xdx
 b x n + ... 
 0  x = b0
e/  x2 − 6 x + 8
f/  x4 + 1
g/  xe x dx
− 2 −
 IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF KIND 2: [a, b), (a, b]
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Defined at a, b ) b t
* f (x) :    f ( x )dx = lim  f ( x )dx = F ( x )ba−
 xlim f (x) =  t →b −
→b − a a
Defined at (a, b b b
* f (x) :    f ( x )dx = lim  f ( x )dx = F ( x )ba +
 xlim f (x) =  t →a +
→a + a t
c b
* If a  c  b and lim f ( x ) =  and both  f ( x )dx and  f ( x )dx
x →c
a c
b c b
are convergent then we define  f ( x )dx =  f ( x )dx +  f ( x )dx.
a a c

2 1
dx dx
Evaluate a/I =  b/ J = 
0 4− x 2
−2 x2
 EXAMPLE
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2 1
dx dx
Evaluate a/I =  b/ J = 
0 4− x 2
−2 x2
HUT – OISP – INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM
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CALCULUS 1
APPLICATIONS OF
DEFINITIVE INTEGRAL
(PART 1)

Instructor: Dr. Nguyen Quoc Lan (April, 2022)

 CONTENTS
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1- WORK OF VARIABLE FORCE

2- AREA BETWEEN CURVES

3- VOLUME OF CROSS SECTION AREA

4- SOLID OF REVOLUTION: ROTATION ABOUT OX

5- SOLID OF REVOLUTION: ROTATION ABOUT OY

 MECANICAL APPLICATION: WORK
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Work means the total amount of effort (force) required to

perform a task. In the case of constant force F, if an object
moves for one distance d so the work done is determined by:
W = Fd (work = force x distance). If F is measured by
Newton, d in meters then W is in newton – meter → joule (J)

How much work is done in lifting a 1.2 kg book off the

floor to put it on a desk that is 0.7m high?

Answer: F = mg = 1.2 x 9.8  11.76N  W = Fd  8.2 J

What happens if the force is variable?

 WORK AS DEFINITE INTEGRAL
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An object moves along Ox f (x)

from a to b. At each point x a
force f(x) acts on the object a x b

Dividing [a, b] into n equal

( )
n b

intervals with length x:

W = lim
n→
 f xi* x =  f ( x )dx
i =1 a

Example: When a particle is located a distance x meter

from the origin, a force of 1/(x2 + 4) newton acts on it. How
much work is done in moving it from x = 0 to x = 1.
 AREA BETWEEN CURVES (PAGE 422)
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Domain bounded by y = f ( x ), y = g ( x)
& x = a, x = b & f ( x )  g ( x ) in (a; b )
b
 Area =   f ( x ) − g ( x )dx
a
 AREA EXAMPLE
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 AREA EXAMPLE
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 CROSS – SECTION
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Let intersect S with a plane Px and obtaining a plane region

that is called cross – section of S with area A(x), a  x  b
(like slicing S with a knife through x & computing its area!)

Volume V =
b

 A( x )dx
a
(Notice :
Without  )
 EXAMPLE
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1
Find volume if cross section area A( x ) = 2 ,0 x2
x +4
 EXAMPLE
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Example 7, p. 436: Solid: circular base, radius 1. Paralell

cross sections ⊥ to base: Equilateral triangles → Volume?
 VOLUME OF REVOLUTION
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Cross section area A(x) is easily determined in the case

of rotating one domain about x – absciss. Given domain
D bounded by x = a, x = b, (C): y = f(x) and Ox, when we
rotate D about x – absciss we get volume of revolution:

y = f (x)

x=a x=b

b
A( x ) = f 2 ( x ), a  x  b  Volume V =   f 2 ( x )dx
a
DIRECT FORMULA FOR ROTATION ABOUT Y – AXIS
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Direct way for rotating about the y – axis the region

bounded by x = a, x = b, (b > a  0) y = f(x)  0 & y = 0 
b
V = 2  xf ( x )dx : Integral with respect to x normally!
a

Rotation about the y – axis the region Dx

 EXAMPLE
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Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about

the y – axis the region bounded by y = 2x2 – x3 & y = 0