B. Tech.

in Mechanical Engineering, V Semester

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
Course Code: 20ME1116 L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: explain
the working of IC engines and describe the combustion phenomenon in IC engines (L2)
CO2: determine the performance of IC engines and explain the working of IC engines,
reciprocating air compressors and axial-flow air compressors (L3)
CO3: determine the thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle and steam nozzles (L3)
CO4: determine the performance of steam turbines and explain the working of condensers
(L3)
CO5: calculate the performance of gas turbine cycle and describe the working of gas turbine
cycles, jet propulsion systems and refrigeration systems (L3)

UNIT-I 10 Lectures
IC Engines: Working principle – classification – valve and port timing diagrams. Comparison of
two stroke and four stroke engines – comparison of SI and CI engines.
Combustion in IC Engines: SI engine – stages of combustion – normal combustion – abnormal
combustion – variables affecting flame propagation and knocking – pre-ignition. CI engine – stages
of combustion – normal combustion – abnormal combustion – variables affecting delay period.
Fuel requirements – fuel rating.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. describe the working of IC engines and explain their valve and port timing diagrams (L2)
2. explain the various stages of combustion in SI and CI engines (L2)
3. discuss the effect of engine variables on abnormal combustion in IC engines (L2)

UNIT-II 10 Lectures
Testing of IC Engines: Measuring parameters – brake power – indicated power – friction power
– mean effective pressure – specific fuel consumption – mechanical, thermal and volumetric
efficiency. Heat balance sheet. Engine performance curves.
Air Compressors: Reciprocating air compressors, single stage, work done, effect of clearance
volume, volumetric efficiency, multi stage, effect of inter cooling. Axial flow air compressors:
construction and working, surging, choking and stalling.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. explain testing methods and performance curves of IC engines (L2)
2. describe various reciprocating air compressors and explain the effect of clearance volume and
intercooling in reciprocating air compressors (L2)
3. determine the performance of IC engines and reciprocating air compressors (L3)
4. explain the construction and working of axial flow air compressors (L2)

UNIT-III 10 Lectures
Steam Power Cycles: Simple Rankine cycle, mean temperature of heat addition, methods to
improve performance of Rankine cycle – reheating and regeneration. Boilers – Classification –
High-pressure boilers.
 B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering, V Semester

Nozzles: Steam nozzles – isentropic flow through nozzle – nozzle efficiency – supersaturated flow –
general relationship between area, velocity and pressure in nozzle flow.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. explain Rankine cycle and methods to improve performance of Rankine cycle (L2)
2. describe the construction and working of high pressure steam boilers (L2)
3. describe the isentropic expansion and supersaturated flow of steam through a nozzle (L2)
4. determine the efficiency of Rankine cycle and steam nozzles (L3)

UNIT-IV 10 Lectures
Steam Turbines: Classification of steam turbines. Impulse turbines – working principle –
compounding of turbines – velocity diagrams in impulse turbine – maximum efficiency –
performance. Reaction turbines – working principle – velocity diagrams in reaction turbines –
degree of reaction – maximum efficiency – performance. Governing of turbines.
Steam condensers: Elements of steam condensing plant – classification – Jet condensers – Surface
condensers – Comparison between jet and surface condensers – Sources of air in condensers –
Effects of air leakage.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. describe the working of impulse, reaction turbines and explain compounding of steam turbines
(L2)
2. determine the performance of impulse and reaction type of steam turbines (L3)
3. explain the working of condensers and discuss the effect of air presence in condensers (L2)

UNIT-V 10 Lectures
Gas Turbines and Jet Propulsion: Simple gas turbine plant – classification – closed and open
cycle gas turbines – intercooling, reheating and regeneration. Propulsion Systems – Turbo jet –
Turboprop – Ram jet – Pulse jet engine – Rocket engines.
Refrigeration Systems: Bell-Coleman refrigeration system – COP – ton of refrigeration – Simple
Vapor compression refrigeration system (no mathematical treatment) – Vapor absorption
refrigeration system (Ammonia-Water Absorption system)
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. describe gas turbine cycles and explain methods to improve efficiency of gas turbine cycle (L2)
2. determine the performance of gas turbine cycles (L3)
3. describe the construction and working of various jet propulsion systems (L2)
4. describe the construction and working of various refrigeration systems (L2)

Text Books:
1. R.K. Rajput, Thermal Engineering, 10th Edition, Laxmi publications, 2018.
2. R. Yadav, Applied Thermodynamics, 6th Revised Edition, Central publishing house, 2011.
3. Arora, C.P., Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2011. (Unit-V)

Reference Books:
1. T.D. Eastop and McConkey, Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologies, 5th
Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. P.L. Ballaney, Thermal Engineering, 2nd Edition, Khanna publishers, 2005.
3. M.L. Mathur and F.S. Mehta, Thermal Engineering, 4th Edition, Jain brothers, 2014.
Data Book:
C.P. Kothandaraman, Steam Tables, 4th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers,
2015.