Chapter 1 New.

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CARAGA Administrative Region
Division of Surigao del Sur
SAN MIGUEL DISTRICT II
SAN MIGUEL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
Magroyong, San Miguel, Surigao del Sur
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study

Being adolescent can be extremely lonely .It is not unusual to have a feeling that
there is no one to turn to when problems arise. This is the stage where major
decision sand deep concerns affect the courses of their lives. Most adolescents
are pressure to perform and succeed, which experience severe stress in meeting
these expectations. Senior high school students need professional advice
especially in the choice of their careers. It is in this period where the students are
advised to prepare for their future worth while occupations. Choosing the perfect
career is one of the most important and crucial decision a person has to make.
This can be one of the measures whether an individual will be successful in the
future or not. At this stage, self–realization, role try – outs, occupational
explorations in schools, and finding the first job is the tentative step. It is at this
stage when the teenager needs guidance in the proper selection of their desired
career. Where, they will arrive at the right decision considering their innate
capacities,educational privilege offered to the students and other resources that
society makes available for them to be more efficient and effective. Stated, that
the greatest barrier among students pursuing their own career and having
command over their life is the lack of i –depth knowledge of the said career. In
addition, knowledge is required to make valid career preferences. (Philips,
2023)Then, it is the responsibility of guidance counselors to supply these senior
high school students with enough and pertinent information and proper
interpretations concerning their abilities, aptitudes, interest, needs, temperament
and personal characteristics to help them make crucial decisions. What most
likely could lead the students to their maximum development and ultimate
success is likewise the concern of educational guidance. Through these
programs, the students are given assistance in attaining a high level of efficiency
and satisfying results in the activities in which they will engage in. As a whole,
they will be helpful in formulating systematic goals and plans for their future.
Educational leaders and programmers have agreed that instructions in schools
be made to suit the students needs and prepare for a life work where they could
utilize their abilities, talents, and interest so they could find satisfaction and self–
fulfillment. Bautista (as cited in Bulaong, 2019) stated that elementary education
provides a foundation for formal education. It is when high school where students
starts to feel tangibly about career preferences. He cited, Castillo (2022), who
stressed the redirection and guidance of the high school youth because; it is in
that stage where skills, capacities and decisions are developed. The youth
should get a through picture of their aspirations and expectations. According to
the theory of vocational development by Supeer (2021), the students should first
become aware of the need for a career. So every graduating student needs a
wise choice in decision making, Bautista (2024) stated that at this stage, a
student must take important and vital decision in the selection of a career which
will determine his future success.The need to find out the factors affecting the
career choices among high school students gave the impetus to this study.
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Framework
S. Alvin Leung (2018) studies revealed that the main concern for management
students is the choices made by them at critical points concluding their career
paths. The financial out-come, interest in subject, ease of subject and future
opportunities are the factors that can be external or internal factor that can
directly or indirectly influence the choices students made. However, as this paper
is engendered with deep understanding of the above four factors which are
strengthened by the literature. Career related decisions are complicated and
have broad and long term consequences that are not always obvious (Hiebert,
2019:13). The context in which career decisions occur is complex and therefore
many people require assistance in exploring alternatives and weighing the
consequences associated with various options (Hiebert, 2019:13). Gordon

(2020:49) cited that there were 190 000 vacant jobs in the United States but
employers could not find employees with the right qualifications to do them. He
argued that people are being educated for the wrong future. He further explained
that few young people imagine themselves working in services, crafts or
technical industries even though government predictions were that these sectors
would be the leaders in creating new jobs. This implies that students do not get
well informed guidance in terms of the job market. Higher education is a formal
education which leads individuals to their respective professions. It must not be
toyed with if the people involved are to perform well and be productive in their
professions (Adebowale, 2021:361). aims of guidance counselling and of higher
education are inseparable because guidance counselling is an integral part of
education (Ibrahim et al., 2014:301; Adebowale, 2019:362). Braxton (2022)
extended Tinto’s theory to add the integration effects of external communities
and student characteristics on academic persistence. He posited that influences
on college student persistence and departure decisions were derived from four
theoretical frameworks: economic, organization, psychological, and sociological.
In Tinto’s terms, Braxton’s organizational framework can be viewed as internal,
while his economic, psychological, and sociological frameworks can be viewed
as external. According to Braxton, these four sources impact students’ social
integration and thus their decision to persist or depart from an academic
program. Moxl ey et al. (2019) agreed with Braxton’s stance that influences on
social integration, and thus on persistence decisions, could be external to the
college institution. They specifically related external communities directly to
career decision, explaining that these associations could help students make
career decisions and to realize the value of their education.
Conceptual Framework
This study aimed to determine factors affecting career choice and interests of
Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School students. The schematic
diagram of the study is presented below.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Factors Influencing the San Miguel National
Students Career Choice. Comprehensive High School
Table
This study was focused on factors affecting career choice and interest San
Miguel National Comprehensive High School Students. The conceptual paradigm
of the study it shows that factors affecting career choice is the independent
variable. Of Senior High School students is the independent variable
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine factors Influencing the Students career choice of
San Miguel National Comprehensive High School students. Specifically, this
study sought to answer the following questions:
1.) What is the demographic profile of the students when they are grouped
according to:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Sex;
1.3. Ethnicity; and
1.4. Strand?
2.) To what extent is factors affecting career choice of San Miguel National
Comprehensive High School students?
3.) Is there any significant difference between factors affecting career choice
when they are grouped according to their profile?
Scope and Limitations
This study will focus on the factors that affect the students Career on San Miguel
National Comprehensive High School year 2023-2024. This study, students
career preference refers to their pursued Students. The grade 11 students of
school year 2023-2024 will be the respondents for the study as they have the
most recent experience on choosing the track and strands for Senior High
School. Thus, their responses are perceived to be the most suitable for the study.
San Miguel National Comprehensive High School will be the locale of the study
as it one of the schools where students are given the opportunity to choose
various track and strands for Senior High School. Specially, the research will
focus on what factors can effect the students for choosing their career choice like
the availability of jobs or job demands in the future. Social or Environmental
factors pertain to the influence of people that are around and actual environment
on students decision-making, which could include the amount of counseling they
receive from school guidance counselors as well as their residence or the place
they live in. Personal Factors pertain to the personal reasons of the students
which could include financial problems and academic capabilities. Furthermore,
other factors that may arise during the conduct of the study will be given due
attention by the researchers.
Significance of the Study
It is expected that the result of the study will reveal essential information
concerning the career preferences of senior high school students. The results
would and school administration and leaders, economic planners, researchers,
teachers, guidance counsellors and parents to guide the students on the right
path to ensure a brighter future. On the overall, the inputs and outputs of this
study could be utilized as bases for more effective students’ recruitment program
in various college institutions.Specifically, educational leaders and administrators
would gain insights to the current educational trend. And would have planned to
offer more relevant courses suited to the needs of the society. The findings of the
study were serving as reference in the re-organization and/or revision of school
curricular and programs. Likewise, public and private high school can consider a
collaborative effort with higher educational institution to sustain the said effort.
Therefore, this can eventually minimize the difficulty of high school students in
choosing their desired career.Economic planners and researchers would
generate information that would redirect the plight of the country’s human
resources. This is to limit the emergence of labor mismatch. The guidance
personnel and teaching staff would be guided in helping students in pursuing the
appropriate career considering factors that are found relevant. Likewise, a more
responsive support program/s for graduating students can be organized to
maximize resource and satisfy emerging need to sustain development efforts.
Also, parents were more be aware of the need to know the career preferences of
their children and would have a clear understanding of a career guidance
program of the school. Furthermore, they would perform their role as parents and
counsellors at the same time. Students would be enlightened in wisely choosing
a career through participatory manner
Definition of Terms
These are the definition of the terminologies that are used in the study.
Academic factor. It refers to the mental ability of a high school students

measured by grade point average during his/her last grading period in high
school. The academic preparedness of being engaged in college.
Accessibility of residency. It refers to the distance of the school from the

students’ residence or the place where the student plans to enroll.
Availability of the preferred course. It refers to the accessibility or availability

of the desired course in the school within the locality or place of residency of the
respondent.
Blue Collar Job. Member of the working class who typically performs manual
labor and earns an hourly wage.
Career guidance. It refers to the assessment of the field of interest which a

student may pursue in college. Some high schools are offering Career
Assessment Examinations to evaluate the mental capability of a student.
Career preferences. It refers to the choice of occupation or profession of a

graduating student.
Employment opportunity. Refers that there is an available or immediate

employment of the respondent after finishing college.
Guidance and Counseling. Guidance is an institutional program designed to

instill students’ self – awareness and self direction whose objective is
self – fulfilment. Counselling is a technique used threshing out a problem or
difficulty with a counsellor.
Institutional prestiges. The high social regard for a college or school as a result
of its quality performance as measured by the high percentage of examinees
passing the board or civil service examination, honors and awards garnered by
students in scholastic or academic competitions, adequate facilities and
equipment, the college site and overall appearance of its structure; and roster of
qualified and capable faculty and administrative staff.
Labor Mismatch. Refers to the inefficient employment which, the field of

specialization does not match with the profession landed.
Peers. They are the respondents’ friends and classmate who exert an influence
in the choice of a career.
Self – employment. Refers when an individual is earning money in his very own
efforts.
Scholarship opportunities. Access to free education.
Socio – Economic profile. These refers to the personal background of the

respondents in terms of age, sex, place of residency, family size, parents’
occupation and education, and monthly family income.
Unskilled worker. This is an occupation which does not require education and
lacks technical training.
White Collar Job. It refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who

performs semi-professional office, administrative, and sales coordination tasks















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Republic of the Philippines

Background of the Study

consequences associated with various options (Hiebert, 2019:13). Gordon

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Academic factor. It refers to the mental ability of a high school students

Accessibility of residency. It refers to the distance of the school from the

Availability of the preferred course. It refers to the accessibility or availability

Career guidance. It refers to the assessment of the field of interest which a

Career preferences. It refers to the choice of occupation or profession of a

Employment opportunity. Refers that there is an available or immediate

Guidance and Counseling. Guidance is an institutional program designed to

Labor Mismatch. Refers to the inefficient employment which, the field of

Scholarship opportunities. Access to free education.

Socio – Economic profile. These refers to the personal background of the

White Collar Job. It refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

Magroyong, San Miguel, Surigao del Sur

Republic of the Philippines

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