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Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 2
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies of the
corresponding topics of this research; academic stress, workload and mental health.
Related Literature
Foreign
experiencing academic stress are likely to perform poorly in their studies, hindering
academics can limit students' academic performance (How Does Academic Stress
The level of academic pressure on young adults has become very high. They
face stress to perform well academically, get admission into the right college,
achieve good grades, and secure the best internships, all with the goal of achieving
success in their future careers. This pressure can have a significant impact on the
mental health of young adults, often sacrificing their emotional growth in the pursuit
Ali (2022) says that students face a tremendous amount of pressure to excel
academically, earn accolades and scholarships, which can lead to feelings of stress,
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
anxiety, and depression that can negatively impact their performance and overall
wellbeing. The academic pressure has increased significantly with the frequency of
overwhelmed by the high expectations of their families and society, which can further
abandon their studies altogether, while others may experience suicidal ideation due
and overall wellbeing. When the pressure to succeed becomes overwhelming, it can
lead to a sense of burnout and a lack of drive to complete assignments or study for
exams. In some cases, this can ultimately result in dropping out of school altogether.
In addition to impacting academic outcomes, chronic stress can also have significant
exacerbate health issues such as depression, anxiety, poor sleep quality, and
their stress levels effectively to maintain their academic and personal wellbeing
Yeturi (2021). The roots of this mental health issue can be traced back to
early childhood instead of high school. Parents start exerting pressure on their
children from preschool to get admission in the best schools, with the hope of
securing a bright future. This academic stress only intensifies with time as students
face pressure from various sources such as parents, teachers, and peers. During
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
high school, teens push themselves excessively to get into good colleges, but the
declining admission rates only add to their already high stress levels, leaving them
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academic pressure, family issues, and social obligations. Stress can manifest in
physical symptoms, such as body pain and emotional turmoil. Juggling school, work,
and social life can add to the stressors that students face, causing them to struggle
vary, there are common situations that can cause stress for anyone.
students to determine their career path and make important life choices. It provides
them with the necessary academic background if they choose to pursue higher
contribute positively to society in their chosen fields. However, senior high school
depression." This stress is often caused by the pressure to perform well on exams
Reyes (2022). Mental health problems are not limited to adults; they also
affect high school students, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The negative
dependability, mental ability, and optimism can result in poor academic performance.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
The vulnerability of children to these harms is well-established, yet there is a lack of
mental health. It is crucial that we as individuals who are better equipped to regulate
our emotions remain vigilant in identifying and addressing these issues. The
A Deloitte study has found that a large number of Gen Zs and millennials in
the Philippines are experiencing burnout due to work-related stress. The study
reveals that 70% of Gen Zs and 63% of millennials in the country are affected by
burnout, which is significantly higher than the global average of 45%. This has
resulted in a rise in anxiety and stress levels, with 48% of millennials and 68% of
Gen Zs in the Philippines reporting being anxious and stressed most of the time,
which is also higher than the global average. This high prevalence of burnout and
stress has led to an increase in resignations, with 58% of respondents stating that
many of their colleagues have left their jobs due to work pressure, which is 15 points
higher than the global average (Workplace Stress & Burnout in the Philippines: The
Beltran (2021) stated that there has been a significant escalation in the
severity of the situation surrounding the academic workload of students, with at least
one recorded case of suicide being allegedly linked to the burden of school work.
Moreover, there are countless other students who are reportedly struggling with
depression or mental health issues, yet remain voiceless and unseen. This alarming
reality has spurred a growing number of students and educators, who are
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
demanding that education officials and universities take immediate action to address
this pressing issue, particularly in the Metro Manila and Luzon areas. Consequently,
there is a palpable sense of anger and frustration among students, and an equally
strong show of support from teachers and professors who are advocating for the
alleviate the distress of students, improve their mental health, and ultimately prevent
Related Studies
Foreign
physical, sexual, and social changes and may face academic stressors that can lead
supportive relationships through their social experiences during this time. Inadequate
social support can increase the risk of developing anxiety, depression, or sleep
problems. Academic stress, when combined with low social support from family,
friends, and others, can negatively affect students' health, leading to poor academic
performance. Studies have shown that being part of a supportive social network can
(Yuwei, et al., 2022) investigated how academic and familial stress can lead
to depression in students and how this can negatively impact their academic
questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to collect data from both undergraduate
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
and postgraduate students, using non-probability convenience sampling. The study
stress, depression, and academic performance. The results confirmed that academic
and familial stress can lead to depression among students, which can in turn
Deb, Strodl, Sun (2012) conducted a study that aims to investigate the extent
of academic stress and exam anxiety among students attending private secondary
schools in India and explore any potential links with socioeconomic and study-related
factors. The research involved 400 adolescents in grades 10 and 12, with 52% male,
from five schools in Kolkata. Participants were chosen through multi-stage sampling
and answered a questionnaire tailored to the study. Results indicated that 35% and
37% experienced high or very high levels of academic stress and exam anxiety,
stress compared to their peers with higher grades. Interestingly, those involved in
extra-curricular activities were more likely to report exam anxiety than those who
and mental and physical health throughout a semester. A longitudinal approach was
used, where participants completed surveys at the start and end of the fall semester,
which included measures of mental and physical health, perceived stress, academic
workload, and extracurricular activities. Saliva samples were also collected from
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
participants to assess their cortisol levels and measure physiological stress at each
time point.
Ratanasiripong, China, Toyama (2018) states that over the years, higher
education has become increasingly universal and competitive, which has put more
result, mental health issues have become a growing concern among this population.
Research has shown that university students experience various stressors, including
fulfilling tuition costs, which contribute to depression, anxiety, and stress. These
address these issues and provide support to help students cope with the demands of
higher education.
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(Dy, et al., 2015) inquired that the most common reactions to stress were
academics, workload related to their courses, and time management as their top
sources of stress. Male students tended to respond with emotional reactions, while
female students responded with cognitive reactions. Students studying in both hard
and soft sciences listed academics, workload, and time management as their main
sources of stress, with soft science students responding with cognitive reactions and
hard science students responding with emotional reactions. However, all students
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
reported academics, workload, and time management as their primary sources of
stress and responded with emotional reactions. Monitoring these patterns could help
(Abracero, et al., 2021). Students are often perceived as stressed due to their
high academic workload. Stress is an emotional state that can lead individuals to feel
insecure and dissatisfied when faced with challenging situations. University students
tests, exams, quizzes, reports, and practical work, to graduate. This workload can
generate nervousness and anxiety, potentially causing stress that can have negative
Austria-Cruz (2019) investigated how 382 college students from public and
cope with it. The results indicate that stressors include teachers, completing
requirements, and peers who cheat. The students reported feeling stressed, having
trouble sleeping, feeling low self-confidence, and being moody. To cope with these
study emphasizes the importance of following mental health protocols and providing
Gumasing, Sesnorio, Subido, Ilo (2022). The analysis of the content found
that academic workload during online classes affects student burnout in various
ways. These effects include feeling rushed and pressured, struggling to handle
burnout.
coped with psychological distress during the pandemic in 2020. The research
included two phases: a quantitative survey of 504 students using the Psychological
Distress Scale and Brief Cope Inventory, followed by qualitative interviews with 14
students. The results were used to create a conceptual model called the Wheel of
experiences and coping strategies. The study's findings can be used by mental
mental health and well-being in accordance with the Philippine Mental Health Act.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
Division of Surigao del Sur
Cagwait District
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
___________________________________________________________________
Synthesis
childhood and can lead to excessive stress and uncertainty about future success.
The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of high school students, and
a significant number of Gen Z’s and millennials in the Philippines are experiencing
burnout and resigning from their jobs due to work-related stress. Adolescents go
through physical, sexual, and social changes that can be stressful, and inadequate
social support can negatively impact their health and academic performance.
Academic and familial stress can cause depression in students, leading to negative
A study of 400 high school students from private schools in Kolkata, India
found that a significant proportion experienced high levels of academic stress and
exam anxiety, with those achieving lower grades and participating in extra-curricular
activities reporting higher levels of stress and anxiety. The relationship between
approach. The most common sources of stress among male and female students
were academics, workload, and time management, with emotional reactions being
the top response for males and cognitive reactions for females. University students'
heavy academic workload can lead to stress and negative impacts on their mental
the Central Luzon, Philippines revealed that stressors such as teachers, completing
requirements, and peers who cheat led to feelings of stress, low self-confidence, and
moodiness. Filipino university students coped with psychological distress during the
COVID-19 pandemic and created a conceptual model called the Wheel of Filipino
and treatments for supporting their mental health and well-being in accordance with