AMPLIFIER LOADING EFFECTS

JAEGER CHAPTER 10, 12 TO 14

CONTENTS
• Terminology
• Single stage loading
• Matched input and output
• Cascading (multi stage loading)
TERMINOLOGY
• Maximum gain (𝐴𝑉0 )
• The maximum possible gain of an amplifier without input or output loads attached
• Source resistance is zero (𝑅𝑠 = 0)
• Load resistance is infinite (𝑅𝐿 → ∞)
• Loaded gain (𝐴𝑉 )
• The gain of an amplifier without an input load attached
• Source resistance is zero (𝑅𝑠 = 0)
• Total gain (𝐺𝑉 )
• The gain of an amplifier with an input and output load attached
• This is the gain if the amplifier is being used in an application
SINGLE STAGE LOADING

𝑉𝑜 𝑍𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝐿
𝐺𝑉 = = 𝐴𝑉0
𝑉𝑠 𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑅𝑠 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑍𝑖𝑛
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉
𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑅𝑠
𝑉𝑜 𝑅𝐿
𝐴𝑉 = = 𝐴𝑉0 𝑅𝑠 = 0
𝑉𝑖 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑉𝑜
𝐴𝑉0 = with 𝑅𝐿 → ∞ and 𝑅𝑠 = 0
𝑉𝑖
MATCHED INPUT AND OUTPUT
𝑍𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝐿
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉0
𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑅𝑠 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐿
For matched input impedance
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅𝑠
1 1 𝑅𝐿
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉0
2 2 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐿
For matched output impedance
𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅𝐿
1 𝑍𝑖𝑛
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉0
2 𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑅𝑠
For matched input and output/maximum power transfer
𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅𝐿 and 𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅𝑠
1
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉0
4
CASCADING (MULTISTAGE)

𝑉𝑜 𝑍𝑖𝑛1 𝑍𝑖𝑛2 𝑅𝐿
𝐺𝑉 = = 𝐴𝑉01 × 𝐴𝑉02
𝑉𝑠 𝑍𝑖𝑛1 + 𝑅𝑠 𝑍𝑖𝑛2 + 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡1 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡2 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑉𝑜 𝑅𝐿
𝐴𝑉 = = 𝐴𝑉01 × 𝐴𝑉02 × 𝐿𝐹12
𝑉𝑖 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡2 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑉𝑜
𝐴𝑉0 = = 𝐴𝑉01 × 𝐴𝑉02 × 𝐿𝐹12
𝑉𝑖